英国文学简史复习资料.docx

英国文学简史复习资料.docx

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英国文学简史复习资料

PartOne：

EarlyandMedievalEnglishLiterature

Chapter1TheMakingofEngland

◆HistoricalBackground：

①5thcenturyB.C.—55B.C.②RomanConquest55B.C.—410A.D.（speakAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish）③410A.D.—1066④1066NormanConquest（thescholarwroteinLatinandthecourtierinFrench）

Chapter2Beowulf

◆Epicisannarrativepoeminelevated（严肃的）ordignifiedlanguage，celebratingthefeats（功绩）ofalegendaryortraditionalhero.

◆Beowulf，thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.

罗马Virgil：

Aeneid埃涅伊德德国Nibelungenlied尼伯龙根之歌

法国ChansondeRoland罗兰之歌

◆ArtisticFeatures：

Alliteration;kenning（metaphor）;repetitionandvariation

Chapter3TheRomance（传奇故事）

◆Romance；ataleinverseorprose，embodyinglifeandadventuresofKnights

◆Theme：

Spiritofchivalry，love，andreligion

◆TheRomanceCycles：

（1）the”mattersofBritain”（adventuresofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable）,

（2）the”mattersofFrance”（EmperorCharlemagneandhispeers）,（3）the”mattersofRome”（AlexandertheGreatandsoforth）

◆TheRomanceofKingArthuriscomparativelythemostimportantforthehistoryof

Englishliterature,itsculminationinSirGawainandtheGreenKnight高文爵士和绿衣骑士

（metricalromance）,anditssummingupinThomasMalory’sLeMorteD’Arthur亚瑟王之

死（inEnglishprose）

Chapter5TheEnglishBallads

◆TheBallads：

astorytoldinsong,4-linestanzas,thesecondandforthlinesrhymed.

ThevariousballadsofRobinHood（罗宾汉）aregatheredintoacollectioncalledTheGesteofRobinHood,thewholelifeoftheheroisportrayed.

Chapter6Chaucer（1340-1400）

◆GeoffreyChaucer：

thefounderofEnglishpoetryandEnglishfiction.

◆Chaucer’sLiteraryCareer：

1、（1360-1372）thefirstperiodconsistsofworkstranslatedfromFrench,asTheRomauntoftheRose（玫瑰罗曼史）；2、（1372-1386）thesecondconsistsofworksadaptedfromtheItalian，asTroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯和克朋西德）；3、（1386-1400）thethirdincludesTheCanterburyTales,whichispurelyEnglish.

◆TheCanterburyTalesisChaucer’smasterpieceandoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature.

◆SignificanceoftheTheCanterburyTales：

1）allaroundreflectionofsociety;2）structure：

highlyinterwoven;3）humoroustone;4）contributiontoEnglishpoetry，heroiccoupletintroduced.

◆Iambicpentameter（抑扬顿挫格）twosyllables（foot音步）

PartTwo:

TheEnglishRenaissance

◆TwofeaturesarestrikingoftheRenaissance：

1）theoneisthirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature；2）AnotherfeatureoftheRenaissanceisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.

◆Humanism：

1）assumedthedignityandcentralpositionofhumanbeingintheuniverse;2）emphasizedtheimportanceineducationofstudyingclassical,imaginativeandphilosophicalliterature;3）insistedontheprimacyofreason（理性）;4）stressedtheneedforaroundeddevelopmentofanindividual,diversepowers,ie.physical，mental，artisticandmoralabilities.

◆EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞“ThePoet’sPoet”

TheShepherd’sCalendar牧羊人的月历：

pastoralpoem田园诗

◆HismasterpieceTheFaerieQueene仙后,TheFaerieQueenewritteninaspecialverseformthatconsistsofeightiambicpentameterlinesfollowedbyaninthlineofsixiambicfeet（analexandrine）,withtherhymeschemeababbcbcc.ThisformhassincebeencalledtheSpenserianStanza.

◆FeaturesofSpenser’spoetry:

1）Perfectmelody2）raresenseofbeauty3）splendidimagination4）aloftymoralbeautyofseriousness5）adedicatedidealism

◆FrancisBacon（1561-1626）

MajorWorks：

AdvancementofLearning学术的推进，NewInstrument新工具，Essays随笔（OfStudies，OfTruth）

Chapter6Shakespeare

◆两首叙事长诗，154首十四行诗（Sonnet）和37部戏剧

◆PeriodsofShakespeare’sDramaticComposition:

1）TheFirstPeriod（1590-1594）：

comedies,apprenticeship学徒期inplay-writing,（HeneryVI,parts1,2,and3,TheComedyofErrors错误的喜剧TheTamingoftheShrew驯悍记）,RomeoandJuliet;VenusandAdonis维纳斯和阿多尼斯；TheRapeofLucrece露克丽丝受辱记（narrativepoems）

2）TheSecondPeriod（1595-1600）:

mainlytheperiodof“greatcomedies”andmaturehistoricalplays.6comedies：

AMidsummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦,TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人,TheMerryWivesofWindsor温莎的风流妇人,MuchAdoaboutNothing无事生非,AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜,TwelfthNight;5Historicalplays:

RichardII,HeneryIV,parts1and2,HeneryV,KingJohn.

3）TheThirdPeriod（1601-1607）:

mainlytheperiodof“greattragedies”and“darkcomedies”.5tragedies:

Hamlet，Othello，KingLear，Macbeth,TimonofAthens;3comedies:

TriousandCressida,All’sWellThatEndsWell,MeasureforMeasure;2Romantragedies：

AntonyandCleopatra，Coriolanus

4）TheForthPeriod（1608-1612）：

tragic-comedies悲喜剧4romances:

Pericles泰尔亲王佩里克里斯,Cymbeline辛白林,TheWinter’sTale冬天的故事,Tempest暴风雨.

◆TheGreatComedies:

AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜,TwelfthNight.

◆TheGreatTragedies:

Hamlet，Othello，KingLear，Macbeth.

PartThree:

ThePeriodoftheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution

◆HistoricalBackground：

Religion（puritantsvs.prostants）;Politics（Monarchvs.parliament）

◆LiteraryFeatures：

—baron（gloom,pessimism,decadence,frivolity）

Chapter2Milton（1608-1674）

◆MajorWorks：

Areopagitica论出版自由，Comus科马斯，L’Allegro快乐的人，DefenceoftheEnglishPeople,SecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople,ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes力士参孙（案头剧ClosetDrama）.

◆ParadiseLost：

It’salongepicin12books,writteninblankverse.ThestoriesweretakenfromtheOldTestament：

thecreation；therebellionintheHeavenofSatanandhisfellow-angels；thecreationoftheearthandofAdamandEve；thefallenangelsinhellplottingagainstGod……theme：

tojustifythewaysofGodtoman

◆BriefSummary：

politicalbothinhislifeandhisart，hisinfluenceisomnipresentinalmostlaterEnglishpoetry，amasterofblankverse，agreatstylist（grandstyle），hissublimityofhisthoughtandmajestyofexpression.

Chapter3Bunyan（1628-1688）

◆ThePilgrim’sProgress:

areligiousallegory.IttellsthespiritualpilgrimageofChristian，whofliesfromthecityofDestruction，meetswiththeperilsandtemptationsoftheSloughofDespond,VanityFair，andDoubtingCastle，facesandovercomesthedemonAppollyon,andfinallycomestotheDelectableMountainsandtheCelestial.

◆ArtisticFeatures：

1）famousforthesimpleandlivelyposestyle,2）religiousallegory,3）vividcharacterization4）thesolemndignityandsimplicityofthelanguageoftheEnglishBible.

Chapter4MetaphysicalPoetsandCavalierPoets

◆JohnDonne（1572-1631）:

EllegiesandSatizes,TheSongsandSonnet,TheFlea

Idealistic：

TheCanonization（圣人）Cynical：

GoandCatchaFallingStar

◆MetaphysicalPoets:

aschoolofintellectualpoetry,markedbybold&ingenious,conceits,incongruous,imagery,complexityofthought,frequentuseofparadox，deliberateharshness,rigidityofexpression.Themes：

love，death，religion

◆TheCavaliers：

royalist,courtliness,urbanity,polished ;及时行乐

PartFour：

TheEighteenthCentury

1HistoricalBackground：

peacefulGoldenAge；politics：

Kingvs.parliament，territoryexpansion，industrialrevolution.

2LiteraryBackground：

“Enlightenment”（fightagainstFeudalSurvivals）

“education”ofthepeople

3CulturalBackground：

CopyrightAct（1709）版权法socialclubs,coffeeshops

4Characteristicsofliterature:

Realism（commonpeople,dailylife）；Satire

5Divisionof18thCentury:

1）1688-1730sneo-classicism（Pope，Defoe,Addison），realistictraditionalofnovel；2）1740s-1750srealisticnovelestablished（majorgenre）3）1750s-1790ssentimentalism—Graypre-romanticism—Blake/Burns

◆Neo-classicism:

modeledafterancientGreek，Romanwriters，Frenchcontemporaryones，artisticideal，orderlogic，restoricalemotion,accuracy.

Inliteraryexpression—proportion,unity,grace

Chapter3Pope（1688-1744）

◆AlexanderPope：

leadingneo-classicwriter/poet，satiric&didacticverse

MajorWorks:

EssaysonCriticism论批评,TheRapeoftheLock卷发遇劫记，TheDunciad群愚史诗，EssaysonMan论人类—political/philosophicalviewpoint

Achievements：

1）outstandingenlightenerandthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheclassicalschoolinthefirsthalfofthe18thcentury；2）amasterofheroiccouplet；3）style：

satiric，concise，smooth，graceful，well-balanced

Chapter4Swift（1667-1745）

◆JonathanSwift:

satiristMajorWorks：

AtaleofaTub一只桶的故事，TheBattleoftheBooks书的战争，Gulliver’sTravels,AModestProposal一个小小的建议

Gulliver’sTravels：

1）Lilliput2）Brobdingnag3）LaputalFlyingLand4）Houyhnhnms

Comments:

1）masterofsatire2）democraticbeliefs3）masterofprose，simple，direct，clear&vigorous.

Chapter5Defoe（1660-1731）

◆DanielDefoe：

hewasakindofjack-of-all-around，hewasamerchant，soldier，economist，politician，journalist，pamphleteer,publicistandnovelist.

Majorworks:

CaptainSingleton辛格顿船长，MollFlanders摩尔·弗兰德斯，ColonelJacque，RobinsonCrusoe.

Comments:

1）greatstoryteller（vividdetails,construction）2）thecentralideal：

manisgood/noblebynature，butmaysuccumbtoanevilsociety，societyisthesourceofcrimeandvices3）realisticwriter：

memoirs,historical（narratives）“real”story

Chapter7Fielding（1707-1754）

◆HenryFielding：

”FatherofEnglishNovel”

Novels：

TomJones，JosephAndrews约瑟夫·安德鲁斯，JonathanWild乔纳森·王尔德，Amelia阿米莉亚

Comments:

1）setsuptheoryofrealisminliterarycreation2）vividobservationoflife3）amuseandteachthereader/audience

Chapter9Sheridan（1751-1816）

◆RichardBrinsleySheridan:

TheRivals情敌，TheSchoolforScandal造谣学校（ComedyofManners风俗喜剧）

Thetricalart:

1）dramatictechniques2）well-organizedplot，sharplydrawn：

characters3）wittydialogues：

decentlanguage

Chapter14Blake（1757-1827）

◆WilliamBlake：

Simplicity，imaginative，visionary，lyricbeautywithimmerseimpressionofmeaning，symbolism.Pre-Romantic

Majorworks：

SongsofInnocence天真之歌，SongsofExperience经验之歌TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂和地狱的联姻TheChimneySweeper扫烟囱的孩子

Chapter15Burns（1759-1796）

◆RobertBurns：

nationalpoetforScotland.