浙江省宁波市九校学年高一第二学期联考英语试题.docx

浙江省宁波市九校学年高一第二学期联考英语试题.docx

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浙江省宁波市九校学年高一第二学期联考英语试题

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浙江省宁波市九校2018-2019学年高一第二学期联考英语试题

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一、阅读理解

Thetroublestartedat9：

30p.m.lastNewYear’sEve,inNewmark.Whenthefireengines（消防车）arrivedatthefire,averyoldwomanwassittinginathirdfloorwindow.Thefirefightersplacedaladder（梯子）againstthewoodenhouse,and26-year-oldMarcusReddickclimbed35feettothethirdfloor.

Thewoman,60yearsoldandveryfat,wassittingwithbothfeetoutofthewindow.WhenMarcusreachedthetopoftheladder,thewoman,afraidandnervous,puthertwolegsaroundhim.SuddenlyMarcusfellbackwardsofftheladder,withthelargewomansittingonhim.Marcuslandedfirst—hittingawallbesidethefrontstairs-andbrokethewoman’sfall.Shefellnomore,buthefellanothertenfeetdownthestairs.Whenthefireofficerreachedhim,Marcuswasunconscious.

Withinanhour,adoctortoldthementhatMarcuswasnearlybraindead,andwouldonlygetworse.Doctorstalkedofturningoffthelife-savingmachineandaskedifthefamilywouldliketogiveawayhisheart.Theanswerwas“yes”.

OnJanuary6,firefightersliftedMarcus’coffin（棺材）—coveredwithanAmericanflag-ontoayellowfireengine.Hundredsoffirefightersfromalloverthestatejoinedtheprocession（行列）throughNewmarkstreets.Childrenwatchedsilentlyfromschoolwindows.ThedayMarcusdied,hisheartwasgivenawaytoayounggirl.HisfamilysaidthatitwasthesecondlifeMarcushadsaved.

1．Afterreachingthetopoftheladder,Marcus________.

A．wasveryterrifiedandanxious

B．wasknockedoffandgothurt

C．founditdifficulttogetdown

D．couldn’tseeanythingclearly

2．Theunderlinedword“unconscious”inParagraph2means“________”.

A．homelessB．breathless

C．helplessD．senseless

3．WecaninferfromtheendofthetextthatMarcus’familymightfeel________.

A．sorrowfulbutproud

B．depressedbutexcited

C．angryanddoubtful

D．worriedandsurprised

Nowadays,peopleallovertheworldhavevariouswaysofdealingwithacommoncold.Sometakeover-the-counter（非处方的）medicinessuchasaspirinwhileotherstrypopularhomeremedies（治疗）likeherbalteaorchickensoup.However,hereisthetoughtruthaboutthecommoncold:

nothingreallycuresit.

Thenwhydopeoplesometimesstillbelievethattheirremedieswork？

AccordingtoJamesTaylor,aprofessorattheUniversityofWashington,coldsusuallygoawayontheirowninaboutaweek,improvingalittleeachdayaftersymptomspeak,soit’seasytobelieveit’smedicineratherthantimethatdeservestobepraised,USATodayreported.

Tomanyofus,itstillseemshardtobelievethatwecandealwithmoreseriousdiseasesyetarepowerlessagainstsomethingascommonasacold.Recently,scientistscameclosertofiguringoutwhy.Tounderstandit,youfirstneedtoknowhowantiviral（抗病毒的）drugswork.Theyattackthevirusbyattachingtoandchangingthesurfacestructuresofthevirus.Todothat,thedrugmustfitandlockintothevirusliketherightpieceofajigsaw（拼图）,whichmeansscientistshavetoidentifythevirusandbuilda3-Dmodeltostudyitssurfacebeforetheycandevelopanantiviraldrugthatiseffectiveenough.

Thetwocoldvirusesthatscientistshadlongknownaboutwererhinovirus（鼻病毒）AandB．Buttheydidn’tfindoutabouttheexistenceofathirdvirus,rhinovirusC,until2006.Allthreeofthemleadtothecommoncold,butdrugsthatworkwellagainstrhinovirusAandBdon’tworkwellwhenusedagainstC.

“ThisaccountsformostofthepreviousfailuresofdrugtrialsagainstThinovirus,”studyleaderProfessorAnnPalmenbergatUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,US,toldScienceDaily.

Now,morethan10yearsafterthediscoveryofrhinovirusC,scientistshavefinallybuiltahighly-detailed3-Dmodelofthevirus,showingthatthesurfaceofthevirusis,asexpected,differentfromthatofothercoldviruses.

Withthemodelinhand,hopefullyarealcureforacommoncoldisonitsway.Soon,wemaynolongerhavetowasteourmoneyonmedicinesthatdon’treallywork.

4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpopularremediesforcuringacommoncold?

A．Theyarereallyquiteeffective.

B．Theyareslightlyhelpful.

C．Theystillneedtobeimproved.

D．Theyactuallydon’twork.

5．Howdoantiviraldrugswork?

A．Byidentifyingthevirusesandbreakingthemupdirectly.

B．Byreshapingthetoplayersofthetargetcoldviruses.

C．Byattackingthevirusesoneafteranotherlikefinishingajigsaw.

D．Byabsorbingdifferentkindsofcoldvirusesatthesametime.

6．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A．Thesurfaceofcoldviruseslooksquitesimilar.

B．Scientistshavealreadyfoundacureforthecommoncold.

C．Knowingthestructureofcoldvirusesisthekeytodevelopinganeffectivecure.

D．ScientistswerenotawareoftheexistenceofrhinovirusCuntilrecently.

7．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A．Drugsagainstcoldviruses

B．Helpfulhomeremedies

C．Nocurrentcureforcommoncold

D．Researchoncoldviruses

Whenitcomestomoderncommunication,securityisabigconcern.Itseemslikewe’reforeverhearingabouthackersleakingemails,passwordsandotherimportantpersonalinformation.

ButthankstoabreakthroughbyChinesescientists,whowonthe2018NewcombClevelandPrizeinFebruary,wemaysoonneverhavetoworryaboutourdataagain.Withthecutting-edgetechnology,arevolutionarysatellitecalledMiciusmakestheinformationsentandreceivedsaferthanever.

SowhatexactlymakestheinformationsenttoandfromMiciussosecure？

Miciusisthefirstsatelliteofitskindtousequantumkeydistribution（量子密匙分发）,whichusesparticles（粒子）thattransmit（传输）lighttodeliverinformationfromonepointtoanother.Currently,itcancommunicatewithtwobasestations,bothofwhicharelocatedhighupinthemountainsintwodifferentareasofTibet,around1,200kilometersapart.Dataissentbetweenthesatelliteandoneofthebasestationsintheformofarayoflight.

Thismakesitalmostimpossiblefordatasentandreceivedusingquantumsatellitetechnologytobestolen,astheconnectionwillbebrokenifsomeonetriestohackit.“Anyeavesdropper（偷听者）onthequantumchannelattemptingtogaininformationcanbefoundbythecommunicatingusers,"thescientistswroteinthepaper.

However,thetechnologydoeshaveafewlimitations.Forexample,theprocessonlyworksatnight,astheinformationisn’tabletopassthroughsunlight.Andthere’scurrentlyonlya10-minutewindoweachdayduringwhichMiciuscancommunicatewitheachofthebasestations,accordingtoXinhua.Thisisbecausethesatelliteandbasestationneedtobecloseenoughtoeachotherfortheinformationtosuccessfullymakeittoandfromouterspace.

Despitethesesmallissues,thescientificcommunityacrosstheworldhasreactedpositivelytoChina’sachievementsinthisgroundbreakingproject."ThisChineseexperimentisaquiteremarkabletechnologicalachievement,"ArturEkert,aprofessorofquantumphysicsattheUniversityofOxford,toldBBCNews.

AndKarlZiemelis,aneditorforNature,toldXinhua,"It’sawitnesstoChina’sinvestments（投资）andsignificanteffortsinthephysicalsciencesthatthisgrouphasbeenabletopushresearchinpracticalquantumcommunicationtechnologiestosuchanastronomicalheight.”

8．Whyitissafetousequantumkeydistributiontotransferinformation？

A．Theconnectionwillfailifitishacked.

B．Itmakesthebasestationscloseenough.

C．Ittransfersdatatoofastforittobestolen.

D．Theprocessoftentakesplaceatnight.

9．Accordingtothetext,what’stheattitudeofthescientificcommunitytowardsthesatelliteMicius？

A．Itremainsunclearwhetheritwillbebeneficialornot.

B．Itisreallyanimpressivetechnologicalbreakthrough.

C．Itwillpromotetheinvestmentinquantum-relatedtechnologies.

D．Itdoesn’tdeservealotofattentiongivenitslimitations.

10．Whatisthemainideaofthetext？

A．Thelatestsecurityproblemsofmoderncommunication.

B．Micius’effectonthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology.

C．Thewideapplicationsofquantumkeydistributionindatatransition.

D．HowMiciusworkstoensuresecurecommunicationanditslimitations.

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二、完形填空

Ithadbeencloudy,chilly,rainyandgrayforthreedays.ItwasNovember.Thecolorfulautumnleaveshadreachedtheir11andwerenowfallingfastonthehillsides12theskinnyskeletonsofbaretrees.

IpulledmyjackettighteraroundmeasIwalkedthroughthecoldwindsand13theleavesflyingabovetheground.Itriedtosmilebutcouldn’t.14delightfulintentions,thedark,depressingdayswereupsettingme.AsIwalkedonthroughthefallenleaves,my15slowlygotwet.Mycoldtoesdidn’t16measmuchasmydampspirits.Mybodywastired.Myenergywaslow.

17Ifeltsomethingwarmallofasudden.Abreakinthecloudshad18andsunlightwasshiningthroughitdowntotheearthonceagain.Iclosedmyeyesandturnedmyfacetothesweet19.Itswarmthwashedoverme.I20andsawtheremainingleavesonthetreessparklinginthesunlight.Itmadetheircolorsevenbrighterandmorebeautiful.

Ifeltmy21risingagainaswell.Ismiledandthankednatureforthiseveryday22.

Thosefewminutesoflighthad23mewithjoy.Ifeltrenewed,readyto24lightandlovetotheworldmyselfonceagain.Iwalkedbackhome25tonatureandamazedatwhatalittlebreakinthecloudscando.

Inourliveshereweall26timeswhentheworldseemscold,dark,andgray.Itisinthesetimeswhennature27ustobreakthroughthecloudsourselvesandshareour