三字经英译.docx

三字经英译.docx

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三字经英译

第一讲：

三字经的前三部分

第一部分性和习开篇

人之初　性本善　性相近　习相远

Menattheirbirth,

arenaturallygood.

Theirnaturesaremuchthesame;

theirhabitsbecomewidelydifferent.

苟不教　性乃迁　教之道　贵以专

Iffollishlythereisnoteaching,

thenaturewilldeteriorate.

Therightwayinteaching,

istoattachtheutmostimportance

inthoroughness.

第二部分（家教与师教的结合）

昔孟母　择邻处　子不学　断机杼

Ofold,themotherofMencius

choseaneighbourhood

andwhenherchildwouldnotlearn,

shebroketheshuttlefromtheloom.

窦燕山　有义方　教五子　名俱扬

TouoftheSwallowHills

hadtherightmethod

Hetaughfiveson,

eachofwhomraisedthefamilyreputation.

养不教　父之过　教不严　师之惰

Tofeedwithoutteaching,

isthefather'sfault.

Toteachwithoutseverity,

istheteacher'slaziness.

子不学　非所宜　幼不学　老何为

Ifthechilddoesnotlearn,

thisisnotasitshouldbe.

Ifhedoesnotlearnwhileyoung,

whatwillhebewhenold?

玉不琢　不成器　人不学　不知义

Ifjadeisnotpolished,

itcannotbecomeathingofuse.

Ifamandoesnotlearn,

hecannotknowhisdutytowardshisneighbour.

为人子　方少时　亲师友　习礼仪

Hewhoisthesonofaman,

whenheisyoung,

shouldattachhimselftohisteachersandfriends;

andpractiseceremonialusages.

第三部分（首孝悌，次见闻的顺序不能乱）

香九龄　能温席　孝于亲　所当执

Hsiang,atnineyearsofage,

couldwarm（hisparent's）bed.

Filialpietytowardsparents,

isthattowhichweshouldholdfast.

融四岁　能让梨　弟于长　宜先知

Jung,atfouryearsofage,'Y'）

couldyieldthe（bigger）pears.

Tobehaveasayoungerbrothertowardselders,

isoneofthefirstthingstoknow.

首孝弟　次见闻　知某数　识某文

Beginwithfilialpietyandfraternallove,

andthenseeandhear.

Learntocount,

andlearntoread.

初学者必备的中国文化基础知识

一而十　十而百　百而千　千而万

unitsandtens,

thentensandhundreds,

hundredsandthousands,

thousandsandthentensofthousands.

三才者　天地人　三光者　日月星

Thethreeforces,

areheaven,earthandman.

Thethreeluminaries,

arethesun,themoonandthestars.

三纲者　君臣义　父子亲　夫妇顺

Thethreebonds,

aretheobligationbetweensovereignandsubject,

thelovebetweenfatherandchild,

theharmonybetweenhusbandandwife.

曰春夏　曰秋冬　此四时　运不穷

Wespeakofspringandsummer,

wespeakofautumnandwinter,

Thesefourseasons,

revolvewithoutceasing.

曰南北　曰西东　此四方　应乎中

WespeakofNorthandSouth,

wespeakofEastandWest,

Thesefourpoints,

respondtotherequirementsofthecentre.

曰水火　木金土　此五行　本乎数

Wespeakofwater,fire,

wood,goldandearth.

Thesefiveelements,

havetheirorigininnumber.

曰仁义　礼智信　此五常　不容紊

Wespeakofcharity（benevolence）,ofrighteousness

ofpropriety,ofwisdom,andoftruth.

Thesefivevirtues

admitofnocompromise.

稻粱菽　麦黍稷　此六谷　人所食

Rice,spike,millet,pulse

wheat,glutinousmilletandcommonmillet,

Thesesixgrains,

arethosewhichmeneat.

马牛羊　鸡犬豕　此六畜　人所饲

Thehorse,theox,thesheep,

thefowl,thedog,thepig.

Thesesixanimals，

arethosewhichmenkeep.

曰喜怒　曰哀惧　爱恶欲　七情具

Wespeakofjoy,ofanger,

wespeakofpity,offear,

oflove,ofhateandofdesire.

Thesearethesevenpassions.

匏土革　木石金?

@与丝竹　乃八音

Thegound,earthenware,skin

wood,stonel,

silkandbamboo,

yieldtheeightmusicalsounds.

高曾祖　父而身　身而子　子而孙

Greatgreatgrandfather,greatgrandfather,grandfather,

fatherandself,

selfandson,

sonandgrandson,

自子孙　至玄曾　乃九族　人之伦

fromsonandgrandson,

ontogreatgrandsonandgreatgreatgrandson.

Thesearethenineagnates,

constitutingthekinshipsofman.

父子恩　夫妇从　兄则友　弟则恭

Affectionbetweenfatherandchild,

harmonybetweenhusbandandwife,

friendlinessonthepartofelderbrothers,

respectfulnessonthepartofyoungerbrothers,

长幼序　友与朋　君则敬　臣则忠

procedence（?

?

）betweeneldersandyoungers,（probably:

precedence）

asbetweenfriendandfriend.

Respectonthepartofthesovereign,

loyaltyonthepartofthesubject.

此十义　人所同

Thesetenobligations,

arecommontoallmen.

第四部分，介绍了代表中国传统文化的重要典籍四书、五经和诸子百家的思想，以及读书求学必须遵守的次第。

凡训蒙　须讲究详训诂　名句读

Intheeducationoftheyoung,

thereshouldbeexplanationandelucidation,

carefulteachingoftheinterpretationsofcommentators,

anddueattentiontoparagraphsandsentences.

为学者　必有初小学终至四书

Thosewhoarelearners,

musthaveabeginning.

The'littlelearning'finished,

 theyproceedtothefourbooks.

论语者　二十篇群弟子　记善言

ThereistheLunYu（discourseorAnalects）,

intwentysections.

Inthis,thevariousdisciples,

haverecordedthewisesayingsofConfucius.

孟子者　七篇止　讲道德　说仁义

TheworksofMencius

havecomprisedinsevensection.

Theseexplainthewayandexemplificationsthereof,

andexpoundclarityanddutytowardsone'sneighbour.

作中庸　子思笔　中不偏　庸不易

TheChungYung（thedoctrineofthemean）,

bythepenofTzu-su;

Chung（themiddle）beingthatwhichdoesnotleantowardsanyside,

Yung（thecourse）beingthatwhichcannotbechanged.

作大学　乃曾子　自修齐　至平治

Hewhowrotethe'GreatLearning'

wasthephilosopherTseng.

Beginningwithcultivationoftheindividualandorderingofthefamily,

Itgoesontogovernmentofone'sownStateand（orderingofthefamily.？

）

孝经通　四书熟　如六经　始可读

Whenthe'ClassicofFilialPiety'ismastered,

andthe'Fourbooks'areknownbyheart.

Thenextstepistothe'Sixclassics',

whichmaynowbestudied.

诗书易　礼春秋　号六经　当讲求

TheBooksofPoetry,ofHistoryandofChanges.

The'RitesofChouDynasty,thebookofTites,andthe'SpringandAutum

Annals'

arethesixclassics

whichshouldbecarefullyexplainedandanalysed

有连山　有归藏　有周易　三易详

ThereistheLienShanSystem,

thereistheKueiTsang

AndthereisthesystemofChangesoftheChouDynasty,

sucharethe3systemswhichelucidatethechanges.

有典谟　有训诰　有誓命　书之奥

TherearetheRegulationsandtheCounsels,

TheInstruction,TheAnnoucements,

TheOaths,TheCharges,

ThesearetheprofunditiesoftheBookofHistory.

我周公　作周礼　着六官存治体

OurDukeofChou,

drewuptheRitualoftheChouDynasty,

inwhichhesetforththedutiesofthesixclassesofofficials;

andthusgaveasettledformtothegovernment.

大小戴　注礼记　述圣言　礼乐备

TheElderandtheYoungerTai,

wrotecommentariesontheBookofRites.

Theypublishtheholywords,

andCeremoniesandMusicweresetinorder.

曰国风　曰雅颂　号四诗　当讽咏

WespeakoftheKuoFeng,

wespeakoftheYaandtheSung.

ThesearethefoursectionsoftheBookofpoetry,

whichshouldbehummedoverandover.

诗既亡　春秋作　寓褒贬　别善恶

Whenodesceasedtobemade,

theSpringandAutumnAnnalswereproduced.

TheseAnnalscontainpraiseandblame,

anddistinguishthegoodfromthebad.

三传者　有公羊　有左氏　有彀梁

Thethreecommentariesupontheabove,

includethatofKung-Yang,

thatofTso

andthatofKu-Liang.

经既明　方读子　撮其要　记其事

Whentheclassicswereunderstood,

thenthewritingsofthevariousphilosophersshouldberead.

Pickouttheimportantpointsineach,

andtakeanoteofthefacts.

五子者　有荀杨　文中子　及老庄

Thefivechielfphlosophers,

areHaun,Yang,

WenChungTzu

LaoTzuandChungTzu.

第三讲

第五部分。

这一部分内容实际上是高度浓缩的“中国通史纲要”

经子通　读诸史　考世系　知终始

Whentheclassicsandthephilosophersaremastered,

thevarioushistoriesshouldthenberead,

andthegenealogicalconnectionsshouldbeexamined,

sothattheendofonedynastyandthebeginningofthenextbeknown.

自羲农　至黄帝　号三皇　居上世

FromFuHsiandShenNung.

（?

?

on?

?

probablytooronto）theYellowEmperor,

thesearecalledthethreerulers.

wholivedintheearlyages.

唐有虞　号二帝　相揖逊　称盛世

TangandYu-Yu

arecalledthetwoemperors.

Theyadbicated,oneaftertheother,

andtheirwascalledtheGoldenAge.

夏有禹　商有汤　周文武　称三王

TheHsiadynastyhasYu

andtheShangdynastyhasT'ang'

TheChoudynastyhadWenandWu;

thesearecalledtheThreeKings

夏传子　家天下　四百载　迁夏社

UndertheHsiadynastythethronewastransmittedfromfathertoson,

makingafamilypossessionoftheempire.

Afterfourhundredyears,

theimperialsacrificepassedfromthehouseofHsia.

汤伐夏　国号商　六百载　至纣亡

T'angthecompleterdestroyedtheHsiaDynasty,

andtheDynastictitlebecameShang.

Thelinelastedforsixhundredyears,

endingwithChouHsin.

周武王　始诛纣八百载　最长久

KingWuoftheChouDynasty

finallyslewChouHsin.

Hisownlinelastedforeighthundredyears;

thelongestdynastyofall.

周辙东　王纲堕　逞干戈　尚游说

WhentheChousmadetrackseastwards,

thefeudalbondwasslackened;

thearbitramentofspearandshieldsprevailed;

andperipateticpoliticianswereheldinhighesteem.

始春秋　终战国　五霸强　七雄出

ThisperiodbeganwiththeSpringandAutumEpoch

andendedwiththatoftheWarringStates.

Next,theFiveChieftainsdomineered,

andSevenMartialStatescametothefront.

嬴秦氏　始兼并　传二世　楚汉争

ThentheHouseofChin,descendedfromtheYingclan,

finallyunitedallthestatesunderonesway.

ThethrownwastransmittedtoErhShih,

uponwhichfollowedthestrugglebetweentheCh'uandtheHanstates.

高祖兴　汉业建　至孝平　王莽篡

ThenKaoTsuarose,

andtheHouseofHanwasestablished.

WhenwecometothereignofHsiaoP'ing,

WangMangusurpedthethrone.

光武兴　为东汉　四百年　终于献

ThenKuangWuarose,

andfoundedtheEasternHanDynasty.

Itlastedfourhundredyears,

andendedwiththeEmperorHsien.

魏蜀吴　争汉鼎　号三国　迄两晋

Wei,ShuandWu,

foughtforthesovereigntyoftheHans.

TheywerecalledtheThreeKingdoms,

andexisteduntilthetwoChinDynasties.

宋齐继　梁陈承　为南朝　都金陵

ThenfollowedtheSungandtheCh'idynasties,

andafterthemtheLiangandCh'endynasties

ThesearetheSouthendynasties,

withtheircapitalatNanking.

北元魏　分东西　宇文周　兴高齐

ThenortherndynastiesaretheWeidynastyandtheYuanfamily

whichsplitintoEasternandWesternWei.

TheChoudynastyandtheYuwenfamily,

withtheCh'idynastyoftheKaofamily.

迨至隋　一土宇　不再传　失统绪

Atlength,undertheSuidynasty,

theempirewasunitedunderoneruler.

Thethronewasnottran