英语科技文阅读世界水资源的缺乏Word文档下载推荐.docx
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P-A-IresearcherRobertEngelmansaysbytheyear2025,aboutthree-thousand-millionpeoplemaylackwater.Atleast18morecountriesareexpectedtohaveseverewaterproblems.Thedemandforwaterkeepsincreasing.YettheamountofwateronEarthstaysthesame.
人口行动组织的研究人罗博特.安格曼说，到2025年大约三十亿人缺水。
至少还有其他18个国家将可能面临同样严重的水短缺问题。
人类对水的需求不断上升，但地球上水的还是保持不变。
Mr.Engelmansaysthepopulationincountriesthatlackwaterisgrowingfasterthaninotherpartsoftheworld.Hesayspopulationgrowthinthesecountrieswillcontinuetoincrease.
安格曼先生说，水短缺的国家的人口增长率要高于世界其他地区的人口增长率。
他还说这些国家的人口出生率将持续增长。
Thereportsayslackofwaterinthefuturemayresultinseveralproblems.Itmayincreasehealthproblems.Lackofwateroftenmeansdrinkingwatersnotsafe.Mr.Engelmansaysthereareproblemsallovertheworldbecauseofdiseases,suchascholera,whicharecarriedinwater.Lackofwatermayalsoresultinmoreinternationalconflict.Countriesmayhavetocompeteforwaterinthefuture.Somecountriesnowgetsixtypercentoftheirfreshwaterfromothercountries.ThisistrueofEgypt,theNetherlands,Cambodia,Syria,Sudan,andIraq.Andthereportsayslackofwaterwouldaffecttheabilityofdevelopingtoimprovetheireconomies.Thisisbecausenewindustriesoftenneedalargeamountofwaterwhentheyarebeginning.
报告表明，在未来，水资源的缺乏可能会导致一些严重的后果。
首先它可能会产生更多的健康问题。
水资源的缺乏就意味着饮用水不再有保障。
安格曼先生说，诸如霍乱等在水中传播的疾病会使世界出现许多问题。
水缺乏也会引起更多的国际纷争。
各国可能由于水而发动战争。
现在有些国家，例如埃及，荷兰，柬埔寨，叙利亚，苏丹和伊拉克等，60%的纯净水是从国外进口的。
报告认为水缺乏将影响发展国家发展经济的能力。
这是因为新工业在开始阶段经常需要大量的水。
ThePopulationActionInternationalstudygivesseveralsolutionstothewaterproblem.Oneway,itsays,istofindwaystousewaterformorethanonepurpose.Anotherwayistoteachpeopletobecarefulnottowastewater.Athirdwayistouselesswaterofagriculture.
人口行动组织的研究报告为世界的水短缺问题提出了几个解决的办法。
第一，找到多用途的用水方法。
第二，教育人们不要浪费水资源。
第三就是少用农业水。
Thereportalsosayslong-termsolutionstothewaterproblemmustincludecontrolsonpopulationgrowth.Itsayscountriescannotprovidecleanwaterunlesstheyslowpopulationgrowthbylimitingthenumberofchildrenpeoplehave.
报告同时表明，控制人口增长是长远解决水缺乏问题不可缺少的措施之一。
它说除非各国能通过限制生育来降低人口的增长，否则它们不可能提供干净的水。
Globalwarmingabiggerthreattopoor全球变暖加剧贫穷气候变化急待控制
Globalwarming,modelledoncomputerhere,killsmorepeoplethanterrorism
Globalwarmingthreatenstoreversehumanprogress,andmakeunachievableallUNtargetstoreducepoverty（联合国所有减少贫穷的目标）,accordingtosomeoftheworld'
sleadinginternationalanddevelopmentgroups.
Inareportpublishedtoday,Oxfam,Greenpeace,ChristianAid,FriendsoftheEarth,WWF（英国牛津救济委员会、“绿色和平”组织、基督徒互援会、“地球之友”组织、世界野生动物基金组织）and15othergroupssayrichgovernmentsmustimmediatelyaddress（致力于）climatechangetoavoideven"
obscenelevels（无法忍受的程度）"
ofworldwidepoverty.
"
Foodproduction,watersupplies,publichealthandpeople'
slivelihoodsarealreadybeingdamagedandundermined,"
thereportsays."
Thereisnoeither/orapproachpossible（想找一个‘非此即彼'
的办法是不可能的）.Theworldmustmeetitscommitmentstoachievepovertyreductionandalsotackleclimatechange.Thetwoareinextricablylinked（二者的联系是难解难分的）."
Thereport,whichdrawsonUNpredictionsoftheeffectsofclimatechangeinpoorcountriesoverthenext50years,sayspoorcountrieswillexperiencemoreflooding,decliningfoodproduction,morediseaseandthedeteriorationorextinctionofentireecosystems（整个生态系统的退化甚至消失）onwhichmanyoftheworld'
spoorestpeopledepend.
Climatechangeneedstobeaddressednow.Thepoorwillbearthebruntoftheimpacts.Thefrontlineexperienceofmanyofusworkingininternationaldevelopmentindicatesthatcommunitiesarehavingtocombatmoreextremeweatherconditions."
Climatechangewillplayhavoc（大范围的破坏；
浩劫）withagricultureandwatersuppliesandwillincreasediseases."
By2025theproportionoftheworld'
spopulationlivingincountriesofsignificantwaterstresswillalmostdouble,to6billionpeople.Tropicalandsub-tropicalareaswillbehardesthit-thosecountriesalreadysufferingfromfoodinsecurity（食品短缺）"
.
Poorcommunitiesmostlydonotneedhi-techsolutions,butwouldmostbenefitfromeducation,researchandbeingshownhowtofarmbetter.Thereportsaysuncheckedglobalwarming（尚未得到抑制的全球变暖）,morethanwarsorpoliticalupheaval（政变）,willdisplacemillionsofpeopleanddestabilisemanycountries.
参考资料：
[英文荟萃网]
Theenvironmentalprotectionisthemostmajorproblemwhichinthemodernlifethehumanityfaces.Mustsolvethisproblemmuststartfromfoundation.First,mustmassivelypropagandize,enhancespeople'
sconsciousnesswithunderstanding,strengthenstheenvironmentalprotectionconsciousness.Next,mustcarryonwasterecoveryuse,reducestoforest-tree'
sfelling.Alsomuststrengthentowhitepollutionprocessing,littleusestheplasticproduct.Finally,mustmakeimprovementtocleanaspect.Causesthecity'
sappearancetobeneater.ForEarth'
stomorrow,wemuststartfromthenowdiligently,willwantthewelllocalconstabletoprotecttheenvironment.Tothisusproposesasfollowssuggests:
Implementationtrashclassificationpackedinbags.Likethisnotonlycanreducetheenvironmentalsanitationworker'
sworkload,butalsocanevenbetterbasicallyarrivemakesuseofwaste,toreducethepollution,savestheresources.
Everyoneknowshowtheworkweekcantakeatollonemployees,butnewresearchsuggeststhefive-dayslogmayhaveevenbroaderimpacts-onclimate.
Afterexaminingmorethan40yearsoftemperaturedatatakenfromroughly10,000surfacestations,researchersfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandfromtheUniversityofReadingintheU.K.foundthattemperaturedifferencesbetweendayandnightappeartofollowdistinctfive-days-on,two-days-offpatterns.
Thescientistscheckedthedataforallpossiblenaturalinfluencessuchasthelunarcycleaswellasrandomvariationsandfoundneithertobeatplay.TheonlyfactorthatcouldbecausingthefluctuationswastheMonday-through-Fridaygrind,theyconcludedinarecentlypublishedreportintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.
Thereisnothinginnaturethatshouldcausethesedatatobedifferent,"
saidPiersMdeF.Forster,ameteorologistbasedattheUniversityofReading,England,whoco-authoredthestudywithNOAA'
sSusanSolomon."
Sowhateverthecausewefindhastobesomethingthatwe'
rechanging,ourselves."
ThemeteorologistsproposethedifferencesinaveragetemperaturesbetweenSaturdaysasopposedtoThursdays,forexample,maystemfromworkweek-inducedpollution.Forsterexplainsthatduringtheworkweekmorepeoplecommuteandmorefactoriesareinoperation.Bothcontributetotheamountofparticlepollutionintheair.
Particlescaninfluencecloudcover,butthekindofparticlesreleasedintotheatmospherecanleadtodifferentchanges,saysForster.
Lighterparticlesprovideasurfaceforclouddropletstoform.Thisleadstoanincreaseincloudcover,which,inturn,canleadtoanincreaseintemperaturesincecloudshaveaninsulatingeffect.
人们普遍了解工作日是如何影响上班族的，然而最新研究表明这五天的劳作对气候的影响更加显著。
英国国家海洋及大气管理局和英国国立瑞丁大学的研究员分析了约一万个地面气象站40多年来采集的气温数据。
他们发现昼夜温差出现明显的五天大两天小的变化规律。
科学家们检查了所有可能造成这种变化的自然因素，例如月亮运行周期和随机的变化，结果发现二者都不起作用。
他们在最近召开的全国科学院研讨会上发表的报告中总结说：
唯一可能解释这种温差变化的就是人们从周一到周五的辛苦劳作。
英国国立瑞丁大学的气象学家皮尔斯·
福雷斯特和国家海洋及大气管理局的苏姗·
所罗门合作主持了这项研究。
福雷斯特说：
“自然界中没有什么能够造成这些数据差异，所以不管原因是什么，它一定与我们自己正在改变的某种东西有关。
”
气象学家们提出平均气温的差异可能是工作日中产生的污染造成的，例如周六和周四相比，平均气温就有一定的差异。
福雷斯特解释说在五天工作日中，乘车上下班的人多，进行生产的工厂也多，这都会增加空气中的微粒含量，对大气造成污染。
微粒会影响云量，但是释放到大气中的不同颗粒会造成不同的变化，福雷斯特说。
较轻的微粒能够提供云滴形成所需要的界面，这样会增加云量，进而导致气温的升高，因为云有保温的作用。
二氧化碳作怪，海洋开始变“酸”
Theworld'
soceansareslowlygettingmoreacidic,sayscientists.
TheresearchersfromCaliforniasaythechangeistakingplaceinresponsetohigherlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.
Theloweringofthewaters'
pHvalueisnotgreatatthemomentbutcouldposeaseriousthreattocurrentmarinelifeifitcontinues,theywarn.
KenCaldeiraandMichaelWickett,fromtheLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,reporttheirconcernsinthejournalNature.
Increasinguseoffossilfuelsmeansmorecarbondioxideisgoingintotheair,andmostofitwilleventuallybeabsorbedbyseawater.Onceinthewater,itreactstoformcarbonicacid.
Scientistsbelievethattheoceanshavealreadybecomeslightlymoreacidicoverthelastcentury.
Buttheseresearchershavetriedtopredictwhatwillhappeninthefuturebycombiningwhatweknowaboutthehistoryoftheoceanswithcomputermodelsofclimatechange.
ThislevelofaciditywillgetmuchmoreextremeinthefutureifwecontinuereleasingCO2intotheatmosphere,"
saidDrCaldeira.
Andwepredictedamountsoffutureaciditythatexceedanythingwesawoverthelastseveralhundredmillionyears,apartfromperhapsafterrarecatastrophiceventssuchasasteroidimpacts."
Ifcarbondioxidereleasecontinuesunabated,oceanpHcouldbereducedbyasmuchas0.77units,theauthorswarn.
Itisnotabsolutelyclearwhatthatmeansformarinelife,however.
Mostorganismslivenearthesurface,wherethegreatestpHchangewouldbeexpectedtooccur,butdeep-oceanlifeformsmaybemoresensitivetopHchanges.
Coralreefsand
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