全新版大学英语阅读教程二Lesson4翻译语法点练习题精华整理.docx

全新版大学英语阅读教程二Lesson4翻译语法点练习题精华整理.docx

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全新版大学英语阅读教程二Lesson4翻译语法点练习题精华整理

Lesson4（Book2）

BackgroundInformation

1.GeraldF.Kreyche

GeraldF.Kreyche（1927-2007）wastheprofessoremeritusofphilosophyatDePaulUniversity,Chicago.Hewasalso"AmericanThought"editorofUSAToday,writingthemagazine's"PartingThoughts"column.

2."BornToLose"Lyrics

Borntolose,I'velivedmylifeinvain

Everydreamhasonlybroughtmepain

Allmylife,I'vealwaysbeensoblue

Borntolose,andnowI'mlosingyou

Borntolose,itseemssohardtobear

HowIlongtoalwayshaveyounear

You'vegrowntired,andnowyousaywe'rethru

Borntolose,andnowI'mlosingyou

Borntolose,myeveryhopeisgone

It'ssohardtofaceanemptydawn

YouwereallthehappinessIknew

Borntolose,andnowI'mlosingyou

There'snousetodreamofhappiness

AllIseeisonlyloneliness

Allmylife,I'vealwaysbeensoblue

Borntolose,andnowI'mlosingyou

3.CountryandWesternSong

CountryandwesternsongisatypeofAmericanpopularsongthatdevelopedintheSouthernUnitedStatesduringthe1800's.ItcombineselementsofBritishandAnglo-Americanfolksongs,theblues,religioussongsandpopularsongs.

4.JohnnyCash

JohnnyCash（1932-2003）wasapopularAmericancountryandwesternsingerandsongwriter,knownforhisverydeepvoice.Hisstylecombinestraditionalcountrymusicwithfolk,gospel,blues,androckandroll.Mostofhissongsdealcompassionatelywiththehardlivesofpoorruralpeople.Manydescribeoutsiderssuchasprisoners,outlaws,andotherlucklesspeople.

JohnnyCashwasborninKingsland,Ark.,toapoorsharecropperfamily.Hetaughthimselftoplaytheguitarduringthe1950'sandsoonbegantocomposehisownsongs.Hemadehisfirstrecordin1955.Hissignaturesongsinclude"HeyPorter"（1955）,"IWalktheLine"（1956）,"Don'tTakeYourGunstoTown"（1959）,and"FolsomPrisonBlues"（1955）.

5.Craps

Inmostgamblinggames,twodiceareused.Playersrollthediceonacrapstable.Whenthedicestoprolling,thetotalnumberofdotsonthetopsideofbothdicedeterminesthenumberusedforthatparticularturn.Randomchance,notskill,decideswhichnumbersappearonthedice.Crapsisapopulargamblinggameplayedwithtwodiceinwhichafirstthrowof7or11wins,afirstthrowof2,3,or12losesthebet,andafirstthrowofanyothernumber（apoint）mustberepeatedtowinbeforea7isthrown,whichlosesboththebetandthedice.

6.PalmerHouse

PalmerHousehotelislocatedinaplaceclosetoChicago'sbusiness,shopping,andentertainmentdistricts.Itoffersmodernconvenienceswhilemaintaininghistoricalelegance.

7.NativeAmerican

NativeAmerican,equivalentinsomeinstancestothetermAmericanIndian,isamemberofanyoftheoriginalpeoplesofAmerica,especiallyoftheUSandCanada,wholivedtherebeforewhitepeoplearrived.

8.ThePacificNorthwest

ThePacificNorthwestistheareaoftheUSwhichincludesWashingtonState,Oregon,andnorthernCalifornia,especiallyalongthePacificcoast.

9.CheyenneIndians

CheyenneIndiansareagroupofAmericanIndiansseparatedgeographicallyintotwogroups,theNorthernCheyenneandtheSouthernCheyenne.NorthernCheyennenowliveonareservation（印第安人保留地）inMontana,andSouthernCheyenneliveinOklahoma.

10.TheBattleofBeecherIsland（September17-19,1868）

TheBattleofBeecherIslandwasafiercestrugglebetweentheUnitedStatesArmyandseveraloftheIndiantribes.AlthoughtheIndianforceswerenumberedabout700,muchmorethan52Armysoldiers,theyfinallylosethebattle.

11.RomanNose（1835-1868）

RomanNosewasborninabout1830.HewasaCheyennewarchiefandwasoriginallygiventhenameWoquini.Ashewasyoung,amedicinemancalledWhiteBullmadehimaspecialwarbonnetwitheaglefeathers.WhiteBulltoldhimthatthebonnetwouldprotecthimfromhisenemies'arrowsandbulletsprovidedthatheobeyedstricttaboosandcarriedoutcertainrituals.Forexample,hewaswarnedthatifheateanythingtouchedbymetal,alengthypurificationceremonywasrequiredtorestorethewarbonnet'smedicine;otherwisehewouldbekilledinhisnextbattle.

DuringSeptember1868,RomanNoseaccidentallyatefoodtouchedbyironutensils（unknowntohim,whatheatewasmadebyhiswifewithanironfork!

）.Adayortwolater,IndianalliescametosummonRomanNosetobattleagainstagroupoffifty-twosoldiersheadedbyColonelG.A.Forsyth.Thiswastoosoonfortherequiredpurificationofhiswarbonnet.RomanNose,whohaddeclinedtogointobattleuntilhiswarriorsurgedhim,putonhiswarbonnetandpreparedtodie.HerodeintobattleatBeecher'sIsland,Colorado,andwasquicklyshotfromhishorse.HediedtheeveningofSeptember17,1868.

12.LuckyCharms

LuckyCharmsisatypeofsweetbreakfastcerealwithsoftsweetsindifferentcolorsandshapesincludingpinkheartsandorangestars,eatenespeciallybychildrenintheUS（吉佳早餐麦片）.

13.PowerballLottery

PowerballisanAmericanlotterygamesoldin44jurisdictionsasasharedjackpot（累积奖金）game.ItiscoordinatedbytheMulti-StateLotteryAssociation（MUSL）,anon-profitorganizationformedbyanagreementwithlotteries.Powerballisagamewhoseadvertisedjackpotstartsat$20million（annuity）andcanrollintothehundredsofmillionsovermanydrawings.Thejackpotispaidasa30-paymentannuity（年金）;playersmaychoosecashinstead.PowerballdrawingsareheldWednesdaysandSaturdaysat10:

59p.m.Easterntime.Thegamecurrentlyusesa5/59（whiteballs）+1/39（Powerballs）matrixtoselectitswinningnumbers.Theofficialcutofftimeforticketsalesisonehourbeforedrawings;somejurisdictionscutsalesearlier.ThedrawingsusuallyareheldatUniversalStudiosinOrlando,Florida.Occasionally,drawingsareheld"onlocation",oftentopromotethegame'sexpansiontoanewjurisdiction.Theresultsofdrawingsarenotofficialuntiltheyareauditedbytheaccountingfirm.

PowerballholdstherecordforthelargestprizeawardedforonesetofnumbersdrawninaUSlotterygame;onFebruary18,2006,oneticketwonthe$365millionjackpot.Theeightpeoplesharingtheticketchosethecashoption,splitting$177,270,519.67beforewithholdings.

14.FortuneCookie（签饼）

Fortunecookieisabiscuitwhichcontainsapieceofpapertellingwhatisgoingtohappeninthefutureorahumorousstatement.TheyaretypicallyprovidedattheendofamealinChineserestaurants.

15.HorseBetting

IntheUnitedStates,horseracingattractsmillionsofracingfansinover100racetracksthroughoutthecountry.Inthehorsebetting,allthemoneywageredonhorsestowinaraceiscombinedinafundcalledapool.Theoddsarebasedontheproportionoftheamountofmoneyinthepooltotheamountofbetoneachhorse.Thehorseonwhichthemostmoneyiswageredisthefavorite.Horseswithlittlebackingarecalledlongshots.Theoddsonafavoritemaybe3to1,buttheoddsonalongshotmaybe20to1.Suchoddsmeanthatifthefavoritewins,peoplereceive$3forevery$1thattheybetonittowin.Ifthelongshotwins,theyreceive$20forevery$1thattheybetonittowin.Theminimumwageris$1.Apersonwagersonahorsetowin（finishfirst）,place（finishsecond）,orshow（finishthird）bypurchasingoneofthreemajortypesoftickets.Theownerofawinticketcollectsonlyifthehorsewinstherace.Apersonwithaplaceticketwinsifthehorsefinishesfirstorsecond.Peoplewhopurchaseshowticketscollectifthehorserunsfirst,second,orthird.Usually,awinticketpaysthemostmoney,andashowticketpaystheleast.

16.HoraceWalpole（1717-1797）

HoraceWalpolewasanEnglishletterwriterandauthor.Evenatatimewhenpersonalletterswereconsideredaminorartform,Walpole'shugecorrespondenceisremarkable.HiswittylettersprovideanentertainingdocumentaryoflifeinEnglishhighsociety.HismostinfluentialliteraryworkisTheCastleofOtranto（1764）.ThistaleofterrorandthesupernaturalwasthefirstofwhatbecameknownasGothicnovels.

17.StoryoftheThreePrincesofSerendipity

InancienttimesthereexistedinthecountryofSerendippo,intheFarEast,agreatandpowerfulkingbythenameofGiaffer.Hehadthreesonswhowereverydeartohim.Andbeingagoodfatherandveryconcernedabouttheireducation,hedecidedthathehadtoleavethemendowednotonlywithgreatpower,butalsowithallkindsofvirtuesofwhichprincesareparticularlyinneed.

Thefathersearchesoutthebestpossibletutors.Andtothemheentrustedthetrainingofhissons,withtheunderstandingthatthebesttheycoulddoforhimwastoteachtheminsuchawaythattheycouldbeimmediatelyrecognizedashisveryown.

Whenthetutorsarepleasedwiththeexcellentprogressthethreeprincesmakeinartsandsciencestheyreportittotheking.Hehoweverstilldoubtstheirtrainingandsummoningeachinturn,declaresthathewillretiretothecontemplativelifeleavingthemasking.Eachpolitelydeclines,affirmingthefather'ssuperiorwisdomandfitnesstorule.

Thekingispleased,butfearingthathissons'educationmayhavebeentooshelteredandprivileged,feignsangeratthemforrefusingthethroneandsendsthemawayfromtheland.

Nosoonerdothethreeprincesarriveabroadthantheytracecluestopreciselyidentifyacameltheyhaveneverseen.Theyconcludethatthecamelislame,blindinoneeye,missingatooth,carryingapregnantwoman,andbearinghoneyononesideandbutterontheother.Whentheylaterencounterthemerchantwhohaslostthecamel,theyreporttheirobservationstohim.HeaccusesthemofstealingthecamelandtakesthemtotheEmpero