高考英语动词动词不定式复习Word文件下载.docx
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2)InfactDisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.
A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it
2、填空
1)Tolearn(learn)aforeignlanguageisnoteasy
2)Itisnotdifficulttograsp(grasp)aforeignlanguageifyouspendtimeandeffortonit.
3、翻译
1)放弃吸烟是对的。
Togiveupsmokingisright.
2)我很荣幸参加玛丽的生日聚会。
It’sagreathonorformetoattendMary’sbirthdayparty.
3)把老师说的一切都记下来是不明智的。
It
is
stupid
of
you
to
write
down
everything
the
teacher
says.
(2)作表语:
1.主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果),如:
Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.
Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.
2.主语是以aim,duty,hope,dream,idea,intention,purpose,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,或以what引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:
Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.
Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.
Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.
WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.
注:
在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作动词do时,作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”,如:
Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.
TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.
AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.
1)MydreamisDanoutstandingarchitectaftergraduation.
a)A.tobecomingB.becomeC.becomingD.tobecome
2)What
Tom
said
isAat
next
meeting.
a)A.
discuss
B.
discussing
C.
discussed
D.
have
1)The
purpose
new
technology
tomake
(make)life
easier.
2)He
lost
all
his
money
when
travelling
long
distance.
The
only
thing
he
could
do
wastocall(call)his
wife
for
help.
3、翻译:
1)问题是得找出一个解决办法。
problem
find
a
solution.
2)你得做的就是马上完工。
All
(to)
finish
job
quickly.
(3)作宾语:
(1)不定式作宾语时常直接放在谓语动词之后。
三个希望两答应(hope,
wish,
want,
agree,
promise)
两个要求莫拒绝(demand,
ask,
refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage,
learn,
decide)
不要假装在选择(pretend,
choose)
afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish
I
can'
t
afford
buy
car.
(2)不定式作宾语时还常用it
作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末,常用结构为:
think/consider/find
/feel/know/makeit
+
adj.+
do。
found
it
necessary
talk
him
again.
Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.
Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.
Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.
(3)“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构”。
(这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句)。
这类动词常见的有:
tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。
疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有:
what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which(why除外),如:
Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere.
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.
3.“介词+不定式结构”。
不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合,即在含有否定意义的带有介词except和but的结构中才能这样用,例如:
Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.
Thechilddidnothingexceptweep.
Shecandoanythingbutsing.
①前面有do,后面省to。
Theydidnothingbutcomplain.他们老是一个劲地抱怨。
_____________________________________________除了看电视,他从不干任何事。
Icoulddonothingexceptagree.我除了同意,没有别的办法。
Shewaswillingtodoanythingexcepttellmehermane.她怎么都行,就是不肯把她的名字告诉我。
②前面没do,后面带to。
Nothingremainsbuttodie.除了死,没有别的办法。
__________________________________________除了等,我没有别的选择。
Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
Icandonothingforthemexcepttosendthemmoney.我除了给他们寄钱以外,什么也不能帮他们。
练习
1、选择:
1)TheHomesteadActof1862Btoacquirelandatasmallcost.
a)A.madepossibleB.madeitpossibleC.madethepossibilityD.possiblymade
2)Ihavenochoicebut____C____hisordertofinishmytaskaheadoftime.
a)A.obeyB.obeyingC.toobeyD.obeyed
3)Sandycoulddonothingbut____A____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.
a)A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit
4)I
expected
____D______
your
friend,
but
my
car
broke
on
way.
met
meeting
C.
D.
meet
2、填空:
1)Hetolduswhethertohave(have)apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.
2)We
planned
__tomake_________(make)
school
radio
programme.
3)The
man
downstairs
itdifficult
get
sleep.
1)司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
driver
failed
see
other
in
time.
2)他们还没有决定是否接受邀请。
They
haven’t
decided
whether
accept
invitation.
3)我感到帮助他们是我的责任。
feel
duty
help
them.
4)我发现与他相处不是件容易的事
Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.。
(4)作宾语补足语:
1.带to的不定式作宾补
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,re-quest,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。
a.可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有例如:
Theteacheraskedustofinishourhomework.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
Shewantedhimtosingforherfriends.她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet.警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
b.在动词consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose,think,believe,find,understand,take等之后,作宾补的不定式多由“tobe+adj.”构成。
例如:
TheyfindtheChinesepeopletobehappyandcheerful.他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。
Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.他相信大地是个球体。
c.在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。
这类动词短语常见的有:
longforto
sb.to
do,shout
do,call
sb.
do,count
do,depend
do,wait
do,careforsb.Todo等。
ThechairmancalledonMr.Browntospeak.
Ishouldn'
tcareforthatmantobemydoctor.
2.不带to的不定式作宾补
动词不定式在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三让),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即:
吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
Pleaselistentomesingthesongagain.请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。
Youcan'
tlettheboystandinthesun.你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。
Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.
注意:
感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补,也可跟现在分词作宾补。
其区别是:
前者强调动作的全过程或经常性;
后者则强调动作在进行(片断)。
试比较:
Iheardhersing.我听见她唱了歌。
Iheardhersinging.我听见她在唱歌。
3.带to或不带to的不定式作宾补
在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补,也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
Heoftenhelpsme(to)cleantheroom.他经常帮助我打扫房间。
练习:
1)TheteacherhadthestudentsAtheirhomeworkeveryday.
A.doB.todoC.doneD.doing
2)Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter____A____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive
3)They
knew
her
very
well.They
had
seen
D
up
from
childhood.
A.
togrow
B.
grew
was
growing
grow
4)The
flu
believed
Cby
viruses
that
like
reproduce
cells
inside
human
nose
and
throat.
causing
being
caused
be
1)She
go(go
)into
library
consider
tobe(be
)one
best
students
our
class.
3)My
advisor
encouraged
metotake
(take)summer
course
improve
writing
skills.
1)我想他离家很远。
suppose
away
home.
2)提醒我开会被迟到了。
Please
remind
me
not
late
meeting.
(5)作定语:
①不定式作定语,修饰thefirst,thelast,thethird,中心词为不定式的执行者时用todosth(主动式),中心词为不定式承受者时用tobedone(被动式).
Thenewspaperreporterwasthelasttowalkoutofthecave.
Thisisthethirdquestiontobediscussed.
②中心词是由动词派生的名词,原动词+不定式作宾语,wish,decision,refusal,arrangement,intention,agreement,hope,need,plan,promise,failure,attempt
Theymadeadecisiontoputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek.
HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.
Hemadeapromisetobeagoodboy.
Thereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver.
③中心词是由形容词派生来的,原形容词常用不定式作状语,ability,eagerness,anxiety,patience,willingness.
Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood.
④名词本身是抽象名词,不定式解释其中的内容,chance,plan,means,courage,efforts,measures,movement,opportunity,power,reason,right,skill,strength,struggle,idea,way,approach.
Inourcountry,everyonehastherighttogotoschool.
Hehasastrangewaytomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.
Hethoughtofanideatocatchthesmoke.
⑤中心词是不定式的执行者,动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生.
Hehadnophotographstoremindhimofthepast.
Weareinneedofnursestolookafterthepatients.
Isthereanybodytocarryonthework?
⑥中心词是不定式的承受者,不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语,不定式通常不能带宾语.不定式的执行者是句子的主语,间接宾语或泛指的人,用主动式todo,强调不定式另有一个执行者,用被动式tobedone.
Ihavealettertopost,soIcan’tgotoswimwithyou.
Ihavealettertobeposted.Canyouhelpme?
不定式为不及物动词时,应有必要的介词
Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.
Isthissomethingtobeashamedof?
Ihavenothingtofearformyself.
Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Ihavenothingreallytocomplainabout.
1)中心词如果是time,place,way不定式可可省略后面的介词