能源学术英语综合教程1教师手册Unit3 TBWord下载.docx

能源学术英语综合教程1教师手册Unit3 TBWord下载.docx

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Aroundaquarteroftheworld’spopulationhavenoaccesstoelectricityatall.Imaginelivinginthedark,unabletokeepwarm,orturnonalight.Imaginebeingtakenillinthenight,andnotbeingabletoseeadoctoror[receive]theemergencyservices.

Lackofaccesstomodernenergyalsomeanstimeavailableintheclassroomisrestricted.Childrenhavenolighttostudy.Openfiresproducehazardousthicksmokeandkerosenelampsarebothexpensiveanddangerous.Withoutelectricitypeoplearedeniedknowledgeandeducation.Withoutevensimpleelectricaldevicesthereisnoaccesstovitalinformationsuchasradioprogramsaboutfarmingtechniques,floodwarningsorlocalnews.

PracticalActionisadevelopmentcharitywithadifference.Thesimplestideascanhavethemostprofoundlife-changingeffectonpoorpeoplearoundtheworld.Wehopetodevelopsimpletechnologytofightpovertyandtransformtheirlivesforthebetter.

InPeruwheremillionsofpeopledonothaveelectricity,we’veinstalledmicrohydroschemes（微型水电系统）bringingclean,renewablepowertopeople.Indevelopingcountriesmanysolarapplicationsonthemarketareoftennotaffordableoraccessible.PracticalActionhasdevelopedalow-costsolarlanterndesignedtomakethissourceofenergymoreaccessibletofarmerslikeHavier.

InKenya,PracticalActionfieldstafftalkedtotheMasaitoidentifythesocialandhealthproblemsassociatedwithkitchensmokewhichkillsmorepeoplethanmalaria.Weworkedwithcommunitiestobuildandinstallmoreefficientcookingstoveswithsmokehoods.Theynotonlyimprovepeople’shousebyreducingsmokelevelsby80%,buttheyalsoreducedrudgery,savemoney,andincreasepeople’scomfort.

Oursuccessfulworkhelpstoensurepeoplearenolongercondemnedtoalifeofpoverty.Communitiesarebecominghealthierandtheyarediscoveringnewwaystoearnalivingandtoimprovetheeducationoftheirchildren.PracticalActionbelievesthattherightidea,howeversmall,canchangelives.Usingrenewableenergythroughsimpleschemescanandalreadydoesgivepeopleawayoutofpovertyforever.

Speaking

2

1

Thechallengesinshiftingfromnon-renewabletorenewableenergyincludenotonlyenergytechnologiesbutalsothechangeofsocialsystemsandlifestyles.Thedominantpatternsoflife,bothindividualandinstitutional,whichhaveexistedforabout200yearsindevelopedcountries,willneedtochange.

It’sallthetimenoteasytochangeahabit,bothforindividualsandforsociety,especiallywhenithasalreadylastedforhundredsofyears.Itmustbeafundamentalchangethatneedsahugeinvestmentoftime,effortandmoneyfrombothgovernmentsandindividuals.

Forexample,nowwehaveabout800millionmotorvehiclesintheworldandthevastmajorityofthemareburningoil.Changingallvehiclesintonew-energyonesisapparentlyareallydifficulttaskwhichrequiresthesupportoftechnologies,policies,capitals,andofcourse,people.

3

Energypoverty

Energypovertyislackofaccesstomodernenergyservices.Itreferstothesituationoflargenumbersofpeopleindevelopingcountriesandsomepeopleindevelopedcountrieswhosewell-beingisnegativelyaffectedbyverylowconsumptionofenergy,useofdirtyorpollutingfuels,andexcessivetimespentcollectingfueltomeetbasicneeds.Itisinverselyrelatedtoaccesstomodernenergyservices,althoughimprovingaccessisonlyonefactorineffortstoreduceenergypoverty.

AccordingtoInternationalEnergyAgency,nearly1.1billionpeoplestillhavenoaccesstoelectricity.Asaresultofthissituation,anewUNinitiativehasbeenlaunchedtocoincidewiththedesignationof2012astheInternationalYearforSustainableEnergyforAll,whichhasamajorfocusonreducingenergypoverty.

Extensivereading

Integratedexercises

1-5:

27391

6-10:

421086

1）earningaliving

2）disparity

3）poorhealth

4）incrementalimprovements

5）theheart

6）steppinginwith

7）solarenergy

8）low-powersystems

9）install

10）theenergyladder

11）fragileandconflict-riddenstates

3

Aspects

Mini-grids

CentralizedPowerSystems

Features

▪makingsmall-scaleenergysourcesmorepractical;

▪lesstechnologicalrequirements

▪independence

▪resilience

▪requiringadequatetechnologies

▪largescale

Applications

Communitiesnotlinkedtothemaingrid;

Sitesthatneedreliablepower,including:

▪militarybases

▪hospitals

▪factories

▪fragileandconflict-riddenstates

▪Mostofthedevelopedworld

Limits

▪lessefficienttomeetmodernenergydemands

▪easytobecometargetsforviolence

▪longconstructiondelays

4

1电炉

2水泵

3明火

4在黑暗中

5生孩子

6现代医疗设备

7致命疾病

8煤油灯

9谋生

10缝纫机

11碾米机

12灌溉庄稼

13能源贫困

14主要制约因素

15停电

16人口增长

17发电

18年增长率

19外交政策

20导致局势不稳

21大量的

22问题的核心

23劳动人口

24着手应对

25能源基础设施

26输电线路

27维修服务

28前期成本

29月付款

30维修协议

31低功率系统

32专门机构

33技术支持

34备用发电机

35军事基地

36有吸引力的选择

37工期延误

38集中式电力系统

5

1earnedalivingasapart-timesecretary

2unveiledaslewofnewinitiatives

3hascausedpoweroutagesthroughouttheregion

4themainconstraintonfoodproduction

5cometogripswiththeunemploymentproblemseriously

6seemstobeanincreasinglyattractiveoptionfortheyounginruralareas

IntensiveReading

Warmingup

Ethicsareasetofmoralprinciplesthatguideaperson’sbehavior.Ethicsreflectbeliefsaboutwhatisright,whatiswrong,whatisjust,whatisunjust,whatisgood,andwhatisbadintermsofhumanbehavior.

Theproblemwithethicalissuesisthattheregenerallyisnosingleacceptedanswer.

Examples:

euthanasia,abortion,cloning,capitalpunishment,energyuse.

Textunderstanding

1）peakoil

2）wellpublicized

3）humaningenuity

4）know-how

5）fossilfuels

1）theneedofanenergyefficientethic

2）40%

3）5%

4）25%

5）25%

6）turnedoff

7）flipped

8）roughly80%

9）20%

10）unnecessaryemissions

11）socialjustice

Appeal:

Wemustmakecomprehensive,systemiceffortstocombatglobalwarmingandpreparefortheadventofoilpeak.

Conclusion1:

First,eachofusshouldattempttoconserveenergy,mostnotablyintransportationandhomeheating.

Conclusion2:

Second,asanation,weshouldtakeupthechallengetocreatealternativeenergytechnologiesandshowthewaytoasustainableenergyfuturefortheworld.

LanguageBuilding

cifgb

djeah

ACACC

CCBBC

1admonition

2interactions

3conservation

4intentional

5comprehensive

6publicized

7inevitability

8depletion

9confrontations

10validity

1engage

2exceed

3ethical

4implication

5environmental

6inefficient

1oilembargo

2raiseconcerns

3energycrisis

4ethicalissues

5nationalconsensus

6peakoil

7oilproductioncapability

8oilreserves

9recoverablepetroleum

10alternativetopetroleum

11amonumentalchallenge

12cometoanend

13totalannualenergyuse

14inaccordwith

15moralbasis

16anenergy-inefficientcar

17commongood

18averagecitizen

19ethicalimplications

20industrializedcountries

21underdevelopedcountries

22addto

23socialjustice

24homeheating

25takeupthechallenge

26oilscarcity

6

1TheAraboilembargoof1973,initiatedtoprotestUSsupportofIsraelintheYomKippurWar,wasawatershedeventinUSenergyhistory.

2Thepeakoilchallenge,lesswellpublicized,referstoafuturewherethecurrentrateofoilproductionisnolongerpossible.

3Peakoilconcernsareoftendismissedbythosewhobelievethathumaningenuityandknow-howwillinevitablycometotherescueandprovidealternativestopetroleum.

4Iwasoneofthreefacultymembers:

aphysicist,aphysicalgeographerandaneconomistwhoinitiatedapublicaffairscolloquiumonenergyandsocietytoengagestudentsinconsideringitamajorsocietalissue.

5Weshouldtakeupthechallengetocreatealternativeenergytechnologiesandshowthewaytoasustainableenergyfuturefortheworld.

7

1Itallboilsdowntoonething:

humannature.

2ThismilitaryactionistakeninaccordwithUnitedNationsresolutions.

3Accidentsalwaysarisefromcarelessness.

4Wequicklyaccommodatedourselvestoournewsurroundings.

5Mancannotlivewithoutair.

6Wecannotaffordtowaitanylongerorwe’llmisstheplane.

Academicwriting

Micro-skill:

Conciseness

1StudentsplanningtograduateinJunemustmakeanappointmentwiththeregistrar.

2Anoldmanhitbyamotorcyclewaslyinginthestreet.

3Therearetwooverarchingthemes,influencingthewaytheenergylandscapeisreflected.

4Women,havingbeensufferingsexdiscrimination,arebeginningtogainequalityinsociety.

5Therecentlyreleasedreportreceivedcheersfromthelocalresidents.

6Alljobapplicantsmustregisterinourwebsite.

7Weshouldcreateanefficientandaccuratesystem.

8Therearethreetrendsdrivingthenewenergyrevolution.

1Thiswasbothduetotheiryearsofteachingexperienceandtheircomfortlevelintheclassroom.

2Weshouldestablishreadingthatbothengagesstudentsandprovidesthemwithopportunitiestograpplewithdiverseandsophisticatedtexts.

3Wecanevaluatethewritingofthestudentthrougheitheraverbalconversationorwrittenresponseonthepaper.

4Thesestatementsneith