大学生英语四级考试常考词汇讲解资料.docx
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大学生英语四级考试常考词汇讲解资料
2020大学生英语四级考试常考词汇讲解资料
●新闻1：
●Howcollegestudentscanhandletheirpsychologicalproblems处理心理问题.
⏹deal/copewith；tackle；psychology-physiology
●havestressproblems
●sufficientsleep
●Itisnotgoodforstudentstoplayvideogames电子游戏.
●makinglast-minute最后的preparationsfortests
●generally通常gethigherscores
⏹Genesis；gene；generate；generator；generation
●probably很可能-possibly
●wreck（v.破坏；失事；n.残骸）astudent'ssleephabits
●...atanincreasedriskfromobesity肥胖症的风险增加
●carcrashes车祸
●havepoorerattendanceandlowergrades出勤率和成绩更低
●sufferfromsleep-loss
●Youareprobablybetteroff更好sleepingthanmakinglast-minutepreparationsforatest.
●新闻2：
●Whetheradequateinvestment投资isbeingmadetoimproveairportfacilities改善机场设施.（facility）
●WhethertheBritishAirportsAuthorityshouldselloffsomeofitsassets变卖一部分资产.
●Poorownershipstructure股权结构.
⏹-struct-建立：
construct;destruct;deconstruct解构；reconstruct；instruct；instructor；superstructure上层建筑；instrument工具；仪器；乐器
●inefficientmanagement
●lackofinnovationandcompetition.
⏹nova;supernova;novel;novice新手；renovate翻新
●Lackofrunway跑道andterminalcapacity港口吞吐能力/终端容量.
●delayedflights延误的航班
●Muchofthecriticismisdirectedat...很大一部分批评针对的是……
●rivaloperators竞争运营商
●therootcauseoftheproblemisnottheownershipstructure,butalackofrunwayandterminalcapacity,whichisaddressingthroughaprogramofheavyinvestment
●新闻3：
●Setalimitto设置限制theproductionoftheircigarettes.
●Thebiggestincreaseinnicotinecontent尼古丁含量tendedtobeinbrandsyoungsmokerslike.
●Bigtobaccocompanieswerefrank坦白直率的withtheircustomersaboutthehazards危险ofsmoking.
●Theyhavenotfullyrealized充分意识到theharmfuleffectofnicotine.
●...gathersandcarefullyexaminesthefigures收集并仔细检查数据andthendrawsitsconclusions.
●havehighernicotineyields产量
●gethooked上钩上瘾
●makeaninformeddecision做出明智的/有根据的决定
●长对话1：
●Indonesia//Holland//Sweden
●Gettingacoach教练whocanofferrealhelp.
●Acquiring掌握thenecessaryabilitytosocialize社交.
●Ittrainsyoungpeople’sleadership领导力abilities.
●Itoffervariouscourseswithcreditpoints学分.
●tocommunicatedecently体面地；像样地
●Dutchpeople荷兰人；goDutch→splitthebill
●listeningexposure接触听力
●therereallyisnosubstitutefor没有什么能够替代tryingtospeakandusethelanguageinarelaxedatmosphere在轻松的氛围中
●stitut，stit=setup，place，表示“建立，放”
⏹constitute建立；制定；institute学院；institution制度；机构
●targetlanguage目标语
●gosh天啊
●StudyCircles学习圈
●sortof有几分；有那么点儿
●长对话2：
●Rulesandregulations规章制度fordriving.
●Theimpactofenginedesignonroadsafety.
●Makecarswithautomaticcontrol自动控制.
●Theyfollowtrafficrulesclosely.
●Theyliketogoathighspeed.
●Theykeepwithinspeedlimits.
●Itisaseffectiveasspeedbumps减速带.
●Itshouldbecombinedwitheducation.
⏹band-bind绑-bond结合-bound束缚；受约束的-combine
●jumpthetrafficlights闯红绿灯
●speedcamera超速摄像头
●carmanufacturers汽车制造商havesomeresponsibilityinlimitingthepoweroftheirengines有责任限制汽车引擎的动力
●withintheirabilityrange在他们的能力范围内
●aresidentialarea住宅区
⏹reside居住；residence住宅；preside主持；president；consider
●篇章1：
●Thecardwasfoundinvalid无效的.
●Thecardreader读卡器failedtodothescanning扫描.
●Thecardreaderbrokedownunexpectedly意外地发生故障.
●Bycoveringthecreditcardwithalayerofplastic一层塑料.
●Bycallingthecreditcardcompanyforconfirmation确认.
⏹firm坚定的；公司；affirm肯定，断言；affirmative肯定的
●Bytypingthecreditcardnumberintothecashregister收银机.
●Affectthesalesofhigh-techappliances高科技电器.
●Givebirthto引起；产生manynewtechnologicalinventions.
●Producemanylow-techfixesforhigh-techfailures.产生许多高科技故障的低技术含量的解决方案
●indowntownSanFrancisco
⏹uptown上城；住宅区
●swipe刷卡hiscreditcardtopayforapackof一包cigarettes
●magneticstrip磁条
●engineeringdegree工科学位
●theshakyeconomy摇摇欲坠/不景气的经济
●inpostwarJapan战后的日本
●【post-】
⏹在后面：
postpone推迟；postgraduate研究生；大学毕业后的；posterior较后的；postscript附笔，附言；posterity后代，子孙
⏹邮政：
postage邮资；postoffice邮局；postcard明信片；postal邮政的；postmark邮戳；poster招贴
●householdcleaner家用清洁剂
●tipsandtricks把戏forfixingmalfunctioningdevices有故障的设备
●assimpleaspaperandglue像纸和胶水一样简单
●techhomeremedies高科技的家庭疗法
●篇章2：
●Theyvaryamongdifferentdepartments.在不同院系有所不同
●Theyleavemuchroomforimprovement.有很大改善空间
●Theyaresetbythedean院长ofthegraduateschool.
●Theyaredeterminedbytheadvisingboard.
●Byconsultingtheexaminingcommittee.咨询审查委员会
●Byvisitingtheuniversity’swebsite.
●ByreadingtheBulletinofInformation考生手册/信息公告栏.
⏹BulletinBoardSystem电子公告板
●undergraduate本科生；specify详细说明；approve批准
●improvegrades提高成绩；acquirefinancialsupport获得经济资助
●Academicdepartments学院varyintheirprocedures程序forassigningacademicadvisers分配导师tograduatestudents.
●Graduationrequirementsspecifythenumberofcreditsyoumustearn,theminimumgradepointaverage最低平均学分绩点youmustachieveandthedistribution分配ofcreditsyoumusthavefromamongdifferingdepartmentsorfieldsofstudy.
●篇章3：
●Ph.D.博士candidatesindieting.
●Studentsmajoringinnutrition.
●Itschangingcriteria标准forbeauty.
●Itsoveremphasis过分强调onthinness.
●Itsoverestimateoftheeffectofdieting.
●Toillustrate说明herpointthatbeautyisbutskindeep美丽只是外表/肤浅的.
●Todemonstrate证明themagiceffectofdietingonwomen.
●Tohelpstudentsridthemselvesof摆脱badlivinghabits.
●establishanemotionalconnection建立情感联系
●Herbiggestconcernis最关心/最担忧的是theemphasisAmericancultureplacesonthinness...
●选词填空
●dependenta.依靠的，取决于……的（depend）
●designv.设计（sign）
●launchv.开展；发射（lance长矛；freelance自由职业者）
●policyn.方针，政策（-polis-）
●prospectn.前景，前途；v.前瞻，前望（-spect-）
●reliablea.可靠的（rely）
●signaln.信号（sign）
●treatmentn.治疗，处理（treat）
●Signs（barring禁止；阻拦cell-phoneuse）areafamiliarsighttoanyonewho...……的人都很熟悉禁止使用手机的标语
●electronicmedicalrecords电子医疗记录;desktops台式电脑
●givewaytowirelessdevices让步于无线设备（被……所取代）
●asclericalloadsincreased,随着文书工作不断增加（clerk文员，职员）
●aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'sinternal-medicineprogram芝加哥大学内科项目的前总住院医师
●apilotproject一个试点项目（pilot飞行员；领航员；试点）
●havepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums提供无纸化的、基于iPad的课程
●slogan标语；口号
●withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers带有大大的口袋以便于容纳/携带平板电脑
●PassageOne
●Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallines随着年龄的增长而下降.
●Thatis,generally通常情况下,youngerpeopletendtooutnumber数量上超过olderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift在技术变革的前沿.
●Itisnotalwaysthecase.并非总是如此
●driverlesscars无人驾驶汽车
●Thepublicoverall整体来说isspliton在……事上有分歧...
●Everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged每个年龄组的人都有.
●Whereas虽然oldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadopt有时不愿意接受newtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvalueto具有真正的价值theseagegroupsinparticular尤其.
●theclassicusecases典型用户fordriverlesscars
●Differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.与年龄无关的其他因素引起的态度不同更加显著
●Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.人们居住的地域也很重要
●suburb城郊;ruralareas农村
●Thereisreasontobelievethatinterestin...isgoingup
●becomemainstream成为主流
●46.Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyemerges?
●Itfurtherwidensthegap进一步加大差距betweentheoldandtheyoung.
●Itoftenleadstoinnovations创新inotherrelatedfields相关领域.
●Itcontributesgreatlytotheadvance进步ofsocietyasawhole.整个
●Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactions引起不同的反应fromdifferentagegroups.
●47.Itmaystartarevolution革命inthecarindustry.
●Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations导致了不切实际的期望.
●48.Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealto对……有吸引力someoldpeople?
●Ithelpswiththeirmobility.帮助他们出行
●Itstirsuptheirinterestinlife.激发对生活的兴趣
●50.Theseniors老年人//Theeducated//Thewealthy//Thetechfans技术迷
●PassageTwo
●Inagrarian,pre-industrialEurope在工业化之前的农业欧洲
⏹agriculture农业（agri+culture培养）；agronomy农学（agro+nomy学科）
●Thiscomfortablecycle在这种舒适的循环中,inwhichtherhythms节奏ofthedayhelpedshape塑造therhythmsofthemeals,gaverisetothecustomofthelargemiddaymeal丰盛的午餐,eatenwiththeextendedfamily大家庭.
●Therewasaveryimportantinterconnection互联betweeneatingtogetherandstrengtheningfamilyties强化家庭关系.
●Sinceindustrialization工业化,maintaining维持suchaslowculturalmetabolism新陈代谢hasbeenmuchharder,withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingto缩减为whatevercouldbestuffedinto塞进alunchbucket午餐盒orboughtatafoodstand小吃摊.
●Moderntechniques现代工艺forproducingandshipping运输foodledtogreatervarietyandquantity种类和数量大大增加,includingatremendousincrease大量增加intheamountofanimalprotein蛋白anddairyproducts奶制品available,makingusmorevigorous有活力的thanourancestors祖先.
●TakeItaly.以意大利为例。
●It'snosecretthat这已不是什么秘密theMediterranean地中海dietishealthy.
⏹territory领土；领地
●Theeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadovertwomeals.现在的晚餐抵原来两顿饭的作用
●timezones时区；sundown日落
●51.Theirdailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.他们的日常作息遵循自然循环的节奏
●52.maintainanation’stradition保持传统
●53.Evolutionaryadaptation.
●54.Itsqualityisusuallyguaranteed保证.
●Itisvaried,abundantandnutritious多样、丰富、有营养.
●翻译
●风筝：
kites
●玩具：
toys
●风筝之都：
the"CapitalofKites"
●古代哲学家墨子：
Mozi,theancientChinesephilosopher
●坠落并摔坏：
falldownandbreak
●木匠：
carpenter
●据说：
Itissaidthat...
●飞了三天后才落地：
flewforthreedaysbeforefallingontheground//itdidnotlanduntilthreedayslater
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