环境工程考研英语复试专业问题Word文档下载推荐.docx
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1.Whatistheenvironment?
2.Howcanwehelptodecreasetheglobalwarmingproblems?
GlobalWarming
Globalwarmingistheworldwidewarmingoftheatmosphere.Tounderstandglobalwarmingyoufirstneedtoknowaboutthegreenhouseeffect.Thegreenhouseeffectisanaturalphenomenonthatcontrolsthebalanceofheatwithintheearth'
satmosphere.Itistheprocesswherebythenaturallayerofgasesinouratmospheretrapasmallpercentageofthesun'
sradiationreflectedfromtheearth'
ssurface.Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theaveragesurfacetemperaturewouldbeabout-18degreesCelsius.
Globalwarmingiscausedbytheincreasesintheamountofcarbondioxideandothergasesbeingreleasedintotheatmospherebytheburningoffossilfuels.Thesegasesaddtothenaturalgreenhouseeffect.Causingglobaltemperaturestorise.
1.Whatisglobalwarming?
2.Whatcausesglobalwarming?
Atmosphericparticulatematter
Inrecentyears,ourcountryappearmuchhazeweather,whichisnowoftenreferredtoPM2.5.Specifically,PM2.5isintheatmosphereofdiameterlessthanorequalto2.5micronparticles,whichisalsoknownasentersthelungparticlematter.Itsdiameterislessthanthethicknessofahumanhair1/20.
Atmosphericparticulatematter-alsoknownasparticulatesorparticulatematter(PM)-aretinypiecesofsolidorliquidmatterassociatedwiththeEarth'
satmosphere.Theyaresuspendedintheatmosphereas
atmospheric
aerosol,atermwhichreferstotheparticulate/airmixture,asopposedtotheparticulatematteralone.However,itiscommontousethetermaerosoltorefertotheparticulatecomponentalone.
Someparticulatesoccurnaturally,originatingfromvolcanoes,duststorms,forestandgrasslandfires,livingvegetation,andseaspray.Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossilfuelsinvehicles,powerplantsandvariousindustrialprocessesalsogeneratesignificantamountsofparticulates.Coalcombustionindevelopingcountriesistheprimarymethodforheatinghomesandsupplyingenergy.
Particulatematteremissionsarehighlyregulatedinmostindustrializedcountries.Duetoenvironmentalconcerns,mostindustriesarerequiredtooperatesomekindofdustcollectionsystemtocontrolparticulateemissions.Thesesystemsincludeinertialcollectors(cyclonecollectors),fabricfiltercollectors(baghouses),wetscrubbers,andelectrostaticprecipitators.
Questions:
1、
1.WhatisAtmosphericparticulatematter?
Theacidityofacidrain
AcidityinrainismeasuredbycollectingsamplesofrainandmeasuringitspH.Tofindthedistributionofrainacidity,weatherconditionsaremonitoredandrainsamplesarecollectedatsitesalloverthecountry.Theareasofgreatestacidity(lowestpHvalues)arelocatedintheNortheasternUnitedStates.Thispatternofhighacidityiscausedbythelargenumberofcities,thedensepopulation,andtheconcentrationofpowerandindustrialplantsintheNortheast.Inaddition,theprevailingwinddirectionbringsstormsandpollutiontotheNortheastfromtheMidwest,anddustfromthesoilandrocksintheNortheasternUnitedStatesislesslikelytoneutralizeacidityintherain.
1.Howdowemeasuretheacidityofrain?
2.Howdothedensityofpowerplantsaffectacidicrain?
4.TheGreenhouseEffect
Greenhouseeffectistheeffectproducedbytheaccumulationofcarbondioxidecrystalsandwatervaporintheupperatmosphere,whichinsulatestheearthandraisestheatmospherictemperaturebypreventingheatloss.Chlorofluorocarbonsalsohelpcreatethegreenhouseeffect.
AnumberofgasesintheatmospherearetransparenttoincomingsunlightbutabsorbtheheatemittedfromtheEarth'
ssurfaceandreradiateitinalldirections,includingbacktowardthesurface.Asaresult,thesurfaceiswarmedmorethanitwouldhavebeenintheabsenceofthesegases,whichserveapurposesimilartothatoftheglasswallsofagreenhouse.
Globalwarmingreferstotheenhancementofthenaturalgreenhouseeffectduetorisingatmosphericconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesresultingfromhumanactivities.
1.Whatisthegreenhouseeffect?
2.Howtoreduceatmosphericparticulatepollution?
3.WATERPOLLUTION
Comprisingover70%oftheEarth’ssurface,waterisundoubtedlythemostpreciousnaturalresourcethatexistsonourplanet.
Withouttheseeminglyinvaluablecompoundcomprisedofhydrogenandoxygen,lifeonEarthwouldbenon-existent:
itisessentialforeverythingonourplanettogrowandprosper.
Althoughweashumansrecognizethisfact,wedisregarditbypollutingourrivers,lakes,andoceans.Subsequently,weareslowlybutsurelyharmingourplanettothepointwhereorganismsaredyingataveryalarmingrate.
Inadditiontoinnocentorganismsdyingoff,ourdrinkingwaterhasbecomegreatlyaffectedasisourabilitytousewaterforrecreationalpurposes.
Inordertocombatwaterpollution,wemustunderstandtheproblemsandbecomepartofthesolution.
1.Whyisitimportantforustounderstandthewaterpollutionproblems?
2.Howimportantiswaterforourhumanbeing?
Whatisacidrain?
Theterm"
acidrain"
iscommonlyusedtomeanthedepositionofacidiccomponentsinrain,snow,fog,dew,ordryparticles.Themoreaccuratetermis"
acidprecipitation."
Distilledwater,whichcontainsnocarbondioxide,hasaneutralpHof7.LiquidswithapHlessthan7areacid,andthosewithapHgreaterthan7arealkaline(orbasic)."
Clean"
orunpollutedrainhasaslightlyacidicpHof5.6,becausecarbondioxideandwaterintheairreacttogethertoformcarbonicacid,aweakacid.AroundWashington,D.C.,however,theaveragerainpHisbetween4.2and4.4.
Theextraacidityinraincomesfromthereactionofairpollutants,primarilysulfuroxidesandnitrogenoxides,withwaterintheairtoformstrongacids(likesulfuricandnitricacid).Themainsourcesofthesepollutantsarevehiclesandindustrialandpower-generatingplants.InWashington,themainlocalsourcesarecars,trucks,andbuses.
WhatisthepHofthecleanrain?
WhyisthepHofcleanrainlessthan7?
Theacidityofacidrain
(2)
Howdowemeasuretheacidityofrain?
Howdothedensityofpowerplantsaffectacidicrain?
1.Whichkindofprofessordoyoulikebest?
2.What impressed you most when you were at university?
3.Do you think the subjects you are studying today are relevant to present-day society?
Why?
4.Does your family support your decision on studying?
What help do they offer?
5.Where have you been traveling to?
Which place interested you most?
6.WhatdoyouthinkabouttherelationshipbetweeneducationandemploymentaftergraduationfromtheUniversity