押题精选02 阅读理解说明文高考英语108所名校押题精选原卷版.docx

押题精选02 阅读理解说明文高考英语108所名校押题精选原卷版.docx

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押题精选02阅读理解说明文高考英语108所名校押题精选原卷版

押题精选02阅读理解说明文

Passage1

SpaceXwillsoonhaveawholefleetofshinysilverStarshipprototypes（原型）,ifallgoesaccordingtotheplan.ElonMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket,respectively,thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassembly（组装）wascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk'stalk.

SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.Andamuchmoreambitiousjourneyshouldfollowinrelativelyshortorder.“Imean,thisisgoingtosoundtotallyunrealistic,butIthinkwewanttotrytoreachorbitinlessthansixmonths.”ButtheMk1won'tmakethatmilestoneflight.ThathonourwillbelikelytogotoMk4orMk5Starshipversion,Muskadded.

StarshipMk2isalreadyunderconstructionandshouldbefinishedwithinthenextcoupleofmonthsatmost.SpaceXplanstobeginbuildingtheMk3atBocaChicainaboutamonth,andthatprototypewilllikelybereadytoflyaboutthreemonthsfromnow.TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.

LikemostofMusk'splans,theseconstructionschedulesarequiteambitious.SpaceXspentalotoftimeontheMk1,afterall;constructionworkonthatvehiclegoesallthewaybacktoatleastDecember2018.Butthecompanyhaslearnedalotduringthetime,sogettingaStarshiptoorbitbythespringof2020shouldbeachievable,Mustsaid.

TheMk1andMk2StarshipsareequippedwiththreeofSpaceX’snext-generationRaptorengines.VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.

AtpresentSpaceXisbuildingoneRaptoreveryeighttotendaysbutshouldpickupthepaceobviouslyinthecomingmonths.TherecordwillskyrocketwhenSpaceXstartsbuildingtheSuperHeavy,whichwon'thappenuntilStarshipMk4isdone.ThegoalistogettooneRaptorperdaybyearly2020atthelatest.

ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.AndJapanesebillionaireYusakuMaezawahasbookedacrewedflightaroundthemoonaboardthesystem,withatargetlaunchdateof2023.

12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStarshipMk1?

A.Itisanimaginarypassenger-carryingvehicle.

B.Itisanunmannedreusablelargespaceship.

C.Itisascaled-downversionofSuperHeavy.

D.Itisastainless-steelspaceshipunderconstruction.

13.HowwillMk5bepoweredaccordingtothetext?

A.BythreeofSpaceX'snextgenerationRaptorengines.

B.ByfourofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.

C.ByfiveofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.

D.BysixofSpaceXsnext-generationRaptorengines.

14.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMk4comparedwiththeformerStarships?

A.Itwilltakeupto100passengerstospace.

B.ItisthefirsttomakeatestflightorbitingMars.

C.Ithasbeenunderconstructionforaboutoneyear.

D.ItisexpectedtogointoEarth'sorbitbeforelong.

15.WhyisYusakuMaezawamentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.TheprojectofSpaceXispromising.

B.Spaceexplorationhascaughtonworldwide.

C.SpaceXtakestheleadintheaerospacefield.

D.Morefinancialsupportisdesperatelyneeded.

Passage2

Solarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels（刚性太阳能电池板）cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite（钙钛矿）cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthesurfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.

Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Sheco-foundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestingthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable（可持续的）developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkperfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday’sworthofpowerforoneworker’scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthecompany’sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.

Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.

12.Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It’sdelicate.B.It’scomplex.C.It’sflexible.D.It’sexpensive.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A.SkanskaandAdamTargowski.

B.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.

C.SoleilTechnologies.

D.Perovskitepanels.

14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.

B.Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.

C.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.

D.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.

15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.

B.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.

C.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.

D.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.

Passage3

WanderingtheBritishMuseum,youcanseesomeofthefinestobjectsevercreatedbyhumanhands.Butsomeofourmostpreciousobjectsarethingsthatwereoncethrownaway.Today,theyhavebecomeinvaluabletoolsforlearningaboutthepast.

OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?

exhibitsagroupofobjects:

findsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.Thesepotpieces,animalbones,andtoolswerecastasidewhentheywerenolongeruseful.Thousandsofyearslatertheyallowustostudythepeoplewhomade,used,andthrewthemaway.FromStapleHowe’srubbishweknowthatitsinhabitantswereveryresourceful:

abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspindlewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolengthenitslife.

ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?

displaysthehumanimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.Single-useproductsmadefromplasticareoftenthrownawaypoorly.Thishasledtoalmosteightmillionmetrictonsofplasticenteringouroceanseveryyear.

AsimpleyettechnicallybeautifulyellowfishingbasketmadebyGuamartistGuerrerohighlightstheplasticwasteprobleminthePacific.Forcenturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplasticwrappingfoundonhislocalbeach.Whilethebasketismadeusingtraditionaltechniques,theplasticwrappingismoredurablethanplantfibers.Guerrerohasfoundacreativeandpracticalwaytogivethissingle-usematerialasecondlife.

CommunitiesacrossthePacificareworkingtogethertofighttheproblemthroughre-purposingthrown—awayitemsandbanningsomesingle-useplasticitems.However,theselocalresponsescanbynomeansreducethescaleoftheproblem.Theplasticcrisiscannotbelefttoindividualsorcommunitiesandwilltakeaconcertedinternationaleffortbygovernmentsacrosstheglobe.

IftherubbishfromStapleHowecanhelpusbuildstoriesanddetailsofpeoplelivinginancientBritain,whatcantoday’splasticrubbishtellusaboutourselves?

12.WhyarethedesertedobjectsinStapleHowevaluable?

A.Theywerecreatedbyhand.B.Theywerebeautifullydecorated.

C.Theyconsistofpreciousmaterials.D.Theybearinformationoflifeinthepast.

13.InwhichwaydidGuerrerochangethetraditionalfishingbasket?

A.Material.B.Technique.

C.Color.D.Wrapping.

14.Theexhibition,Disposable?

________.

A.isdisplayedintworooms

B.isheldbyPacificcommunities

C.displaysbothancientandmodemitems

D.showsStapleHowe’sinfluenceonPacificcommunities

15.Whatdoesthewritersuggestabouttheplasticcrisis?

A.Leavingittoindividuals.

B.Holdinginternationalconcerts.

C.LocalresponsesfromStapleHowe.

D.Aunitedeffortbyglobalgovernments.

Passage4

Timemagazinelisteditstopinventionsof2019,someofwhichwillsurelybecomeabigpartofoureverydaylivesoverthenextdecade.Herearesomewe'remostlookingforwardto.

●Virtual（虚拟的）surgery

AccordingtoHarvardBusinessReview,ourcurrentsystemoftrainingsurgeonscan'tkeepupwiththespeedoftechnologicaldevelopment.“Evenafter4yearsofcollege,4yearsofmedicalschooland5yearsofadvancedtrainingafterworking,30%ofgraduatesstillcan'toperateontheirown,”saidJustinBarad,whoistheCEOandco-founderofOssoVR.

ThisVRsoftwareismadetogivedoctorsvirtualoperating-roomexperiencesotheycanpracticeandprepareforsurgeries.Apparently,itworks.GideonBlumsteinofCaliforniaUniversityconductedastudyonusingOssoVR.Histeamfoundthatparticipants'overallsurgicalperformanceimprovedbyanastonishing230%overtraditionaltrainingmethods.

●Vendingveggies（出售素食）

"Eathappier.”That'stheFarmersFridgeadvertisi