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哈工程综合英语考试阅读部分学
Text1
VintonCerf,knownasthefatheroftheInternet,saidonWednesdaythattheWebwasoutgrowingtheplanetEarthandthetimehadcometotaketheinformationsuperhighwaytoouterspace.
“TheInternetisgrowingquickly,andwestillhavealotofworktodotocovertheplanet,”CerftoldthefirstdayoftheannualconferenceoftheInternetSocietyinGenevawheremorethan1,500cyberspacefanshavegatheredtoseekanswerstoquestionsaboutthetangledweboftheInternet.
Cerfbelievedthatitwouldsoonbepossibletosendreal-timesciencedataontheInternetfromaspacemissionorbitinganotherplanetsuchasMars.“ThereisnowaneffortunderwaytodesignandbuildaninterplanetaryInternet.Thespaceresearchcommunityiscomingcloserandcloserandmerging.WethinkthatwewillseeinterplanetaryInternetnetworksthatlookverymuchliketheonesweusetoday.Wewillneedinterplanetarygatewaysandtherewillbeprotocolstotransmitdatabetweenthesegateways,”Cerfsaid.
FrancoisFluckiger,ascientistattendingtheconferencefromtheEuropeanParticlePhysicsLaboratorynearGeneva,wasnotentirelyconvinced,saying:
“Weneeddreamslikethis.ButIdon’tknowanyMartianwhomI’dliketocommunicatewiththroughtheInternet.”
CerfhasbeenworkingwithNASA’sPasadenaJetPropulsionLaboratory—thepeoplebehindtherecentMarsexpedition—todesignwhathecallsan“interplanetaryInternetprotocol.”HebelievesthatastronautswillwanttousetheInternet,althoughspecialproblemsremainwithinterferenceanddelay.
“Thisisquitereal.TheeffortisbecomingextraordinarilyconcreteoverthenextfewmonthsbecausethenextMarsmissionisinplanningstagesnow,”Cerftoldtheconference.“IfweusedomainnameslikeEarthorMars...jetpropulsionlaboratorypeoplewouldbecomingtogetherwithpeoplefromtheInternetcommunity.”Headded.“TheideaistotaketheinterplanetaryInternetdesignandmakeitapartoftheinfrastructureoftheMarsmission.”
Helatertoldanewsconferencethatdesigningthissystemnowwouldpreparemankindforfuturetechnologicaladvances.“Thewholeideaistocreateanarchitecturesothedesignworksanywhere.Idon’tknowwherewe’regoingtohavetoputitbutmyguessisthatwe’llbegoingouttheresometime,”Cerfsaid.
“Ifyouthink100yearsfromnow,itisentirelypossiblethatwhatwillbepurelyresearch50yearsfromnowwillbecomecommercial100yearsfromnow.TheInternetwasthesame—itstartedaspureresearchbutnowitiscommercialized.”
21.AccordingtoCerf,thepurposetodesigninterplanetaryinternetisto
[A]sendreal-timesciencedata.
[B]communicatewithastronauts.
[C]layfoundationforfuturetechnologicaladvances.
[D]commercializeit.
22.Fromthetext,welearnthatVintonCerfis
[A]seekinganswerstoquestionsabouttheinternetweb.
[B]workingoninterplanetaryinternetwithcollaborationofNASA.
[C]tryingtocommercializetheinterplanetaryinternet.
[D]exploringthepossibilityofestablishinginternetnetworkonMars.
23.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]thedreamtobuildinterplanetaryinternetcanbefulfilledinthefuture.
[B]interplanetaryinternetwillbecommercializedin100years.
[C]theresearchofinternettook50years.
[D]itwilltakealongtimetobuildinterplanetaryinternet.
24.WeknowfromthetextthatMarsmissionis
[A]oneofNASA’sinternetprojects.
[B]anexpeditiontoMars.
[C]theinfrastructureoftheinterplanetaryinternet.
[D]tocreateanarchitectureonMars.
25.Whichofthefollowingisthemainpointofthetext?
[A]Thedevelopmentoftheinternet.
[B]Thepossibilityofspaceresearch.
[C]Universalinformationsuperhighway.
[D]ThetechnologicaladvancesofMarsmission.
Text2
Itissaidthatpeoplebuycontemporaryartwhentheyareconfidentaboutthefutureandoldartwhentheyarenot.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatolderartholdsitsvalue,whilecontemporarystuffisforrisk-lovers.WilliamGoetzmann,aprofessoratYale,estimatesthatduringthelastart-marketdepression,whichsetinafter1990,impressionistandcontemporaryworksfellbymost(51%and40%respectively),whileOldMasterssufferedleast(downby16%).Yetdespitetheupsanddowns,contemporaryworkshavebeenrewardingforthosewhoarepreparedtohangon:
accordingtoJianpingMeiandMichaelMoses,professorsatNewYorkUniversity(NYU)since1970thereturnsoncontemporaryarthavefarexceededthoseonOldMastersand19th-centurypaintings.
Sincethelate1980s,moresophisticatedanalysisoftheartmarketandagrowinginterestinalternativeinvestmentshavespurredthecreationofseveralnewinvestmentfundsfocusedonart.Atarecentconferenceorganizedbyoneofthese,theFineArtFund,RachelCampbellofMaastrichtUniversitypointedoutthelowcorrelationbetweenreturnsonartandonthoseotherinvestments.Giventhatitusuallypaystodiversify,thatisagoodargumentforinvestinginart,whateveryourtaste.TheFineArtFund,whichbeganbuyingthisApril(andhas36%ofitsmoneyincash),advisesthatinvestorsspreadtheirartallocationfairlyevenlybetweenImpressionists,OldMasters,modernartandcontemporaryworks.
Contemporaryart,inparticular,hasservedrichinvestorswellinthepastfewyears.Pricesstayedstablewhenstockmarketsfell.Nevertheless,onerecentacademicstudyhasfoundacorrelationwithanotherassetclass:
duringthelastworldartboom,inthelate1980s,priceswerecloselytiedtopropertyvalues,specificallyJapaneselandprices.After1990,artandpropertyfelltogether.Nowpropertypricesinseveralcountriesareonceagainatfrighteningheights.
Investinginartwillalwaysbeariskybusiness.Worksofartbydefinitionbelongtodifferentcategories;holdingperiodsvary;themarketisilliquid;artyieldsnoincome,producingonlycapitalgainorloss;transactioncostsarehigh.Asforcontemporaryartinparticular,itisasoberingthoughtthat,accordingtoMr.Moses,eachyearanaverageofonlytwoartistsemergewhoseworkincreasesinvalueovertime.Allthisspeaksagainstabigcommitmenttospeculatinginart;better,maybe,simplytobuywhatyoulike,ifyoucan:
treatyourmoney,inotherwords,notasinvestedbutasconsumed.
26.Bysayingthatthemarketisilliquid(Line2,Para.4),theauthorsuggeststhat.
[A]artworksseldomlosetheirvalueinthemarket
[B]investmentinartdoesnothaveguaranteedreturnofprofits
[C]thedifficultytotradeartworksisobviousandevident
[D]theartmarkettendstoberesponsivetotheeconomicsituation
27.TheFineArtFundadvisethatinvestorsneedtospreadtheirartallocationbecause
[A]OldMastersalwayspromiseahighreturnofprofits
[B]differentartworksarevalueddifferentlyinthemarket
[C]buyingartworksisalwaysagoodwayofinvestment
[D]peopleshouldbeawareoftherisksofinvestmentinart
28.Thereturnsoncontemporaryartindicate.
[A]peoplehavecometoseethevalueofcontemporaryart
[B]theeconomicprospectsarepositivelyassessed
[C]thereisagrowinginterestinalternativeartinvestments
[D]investorshavelearnedtospreadtheirartallocation
29.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.
[A]thetwoNYUprofessorsadvisepeopleagainstbuyingOldMasters
[B]cautiousinvestorsareadvisedtostayawayfromtheartmarket
[C]therealestatemarketisagoodindicatoroftheartmarket
[D]artinvestorsshouldnotspeculateintheartmarket
30.WhatisthepossibleattitudeofMrMosestowardinvestingincontemporaryart?
[A]Investorsincontemporaryartshouldbemorepatient.
[B]Asupplicatedanalysisoftheartmarketisalwaysamust.
[C]Contemporaryartseemstopromisegreaterreturnsofprofits.
[D]Itisdangeroustospeculateinthecontemporaryartmarket.
Text3
Theyhavebeenwritersandactors,entertainersandcreators.TheyhavewonAcademyAwardsandreceivedcriticalacclaim.Theyhavegracedthecoversofmagazines.
Intheartsandentertainmentworld,womenhavemadeamyriadofcontributionstowhatweknowaspopularculture.Althoughmanyfemalecelebritiesmaybeknownmorefortheirfiguresthantheirtalents,womenremainmorethanjustprettyfaces.Women’sHistoryMonthpromisestotakealookbackattheinfluentialfemalelivesandlegaciesthathaveshapedoursociety.
Inthiscenturyalone,anumberoffamousfemaleshavemadetheirartisticmarks.Intheliteraryworld,womensuchasSylviaPlathandColettecomposedcelebratedworks,establishingthemselvesascreativewriterstobereckonedwith.Colette,aprolificFrenchnovelist,tackledweightythemessuchasthewoman’sstruggleforindependence.HercatalogofworksincludescelebratednovelssuchasCheriandThePureandtheImpure.Plath,renownedforhersuicideasmuchasforherwriting,wroteTheBellJaraswellasawealthofpoetry.
Withintherealmoffashion,influentialdesignerssuchasCocoChanelchangedthefaceoffemaledressing.TheChanelnamehasbecomesynonymouswithhighstyle.Cocoinventedthelittleblackdress,perfectedatrademarkscent—ChanelNo.5—andbecamefamousforhertweedsuitsandquiltedhandbags.
HollywoodstarletssuchasKatharineHepburntransformedthefilmworld.Shewasknownforherportrayalofstrong,spiritedfemalesinherfilms,clearlyembodyingwhatitmeanstobeanindependentwoman.AsHepburnoncesaid,“Ineverrealizeduntillatelythatwomenweresupposedtobetheinferiorsex.”
Themusicindustryhasalsoseenitsshareofbarrier-breakingfemalestars.WomensuchasBillieHolidayandEllaFitzgeraldendureasreverednameswit