论文摘抄中美饮食文化差异页眉111.docx

论文摘抄中美饮食文化差异页眉111.docx

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论文摘抄中美饮食文化差异页眉111

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中美饮食文化的差异

摘要

随着社会的迅速发展和进步，跨国文化的交流是我们国家发展的必不可少的部分，然而在这跨国的商务活动中，饮食是必不可少的。

不用的饮食文化将会反映出不同国家的历史背景，然而不同的国家地域饮食文化也是不同的，所以说了解各国的饮食文化对我们跨国文化交流来说是很重要的。

本文主要讲述了中美两国饮食文化的差异，主要从饮食文化概念的差异，饮食文化桌面方式的差异和菜肴的差异详细的讲述了中美饮食文化的差异。

希望的本文的讲解能够帮大家更深刻的理解中美的饮食文化，也希望能给大家在实践和理论上会有更大的帮助！

了解中西饮食文化差异的同时，接受可以接受的部分并与中国饮食相融合，使我们日常生活中的饮食更加丰富，但又不乏自身特色。

这才是我们正确对待中西饮食文化的态度

关键词:

饮食文化;文化差异;餐饮礼节;饮食概念

Abstract

Withtherapiddevelopmentandadvancedsociety,communicatewithforeigncountrybecomemoreandmorepopular.andinterculturalbusinessisalsoessentialforourcountrydevelopment.Duringtheinterculturalbusinessactivies,dietistheindespensableforus.howeverthedifferentcountryhavediferentdietculture.andthedifferentculturewillreflectdifferentcountryhistiryanfbackground.weshouldlearnandunderstandeachcountrydietculturewellsothatwecandoourinterculturalbusinesswell.thispaperwilldiscussthedietculturedifferencebetweenchinanadamericaindetailfromthereparts:

conceptdifference,tablemannersdifferenceandcontentsdifference.Hopethispaperwillhelpusunderstanddietculturedifferencedepply.Tosomeextent,hopethisresearchbeofsignificanceboththeoreticallyandpractically.

KeyWords:

dietculture;cultutedifference;dietetiquette;dietconcept

Contents

摘要....................................................................................................................................1.

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………….2

Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………….4

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….5

2.Thechinacookinghistory................................................................................................5

3.TheAmericacuisinedevelopment…...…………………………………………………7

4.ThedietdifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericacountries………………………….8

4.1Differencesinconcept.9

4.1.1Sensibilityvs.practicality…………………………………………………….9

4.1.2Complexityvs.simplicity.11

4.2Differencesintablemanners……………………………………………………….10

4.2.1Differenttable-wares:

chopsticksvs.forks…………………………………...10

4.2.2Differentdrinkingprotocol…………………………………………...............10

4.2.3Differentconceptsregardingthetimeofattendance…………………………11

4.2.4Differentarrangementsofseats………………………………………………12

4.3Differencesincontents……………………………………………………………..13

5.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….14

6.Reference………………………………………………………………………………...15

Acknowledgements

Onthecompletionofmythesis,Ishouldliketoexpressmydeepestgratitudetoallthosewhosekindnessandadvicehavemadethisworkpossible.

IamgreatlyindebtedtomytutorProfessor…whogavemevaluableinstructions,andurgedmetobeginmyresearchworkassoonaspossible.Hiseffectiveadvice,shrewdcommentsandquickcorrectionshavekeptthethesisintherightdirection.

IamgratefultoProfessor…,Professor…,Professor…andProfessor…of…University.TheyhaveimprovedmeinlanguageandinresearchmethodologyandhaveshownmeintothefascinatingworldofEnglishliteratureandwesternculture.

Mygratitudeistomy…whoconstantlyencouragedmewhenIfeltfrustratedwiththisdissertation.Iamgratefulforhisconstructivesuggestionsandcarefulreadingofthemanuscript.

1.Introduction

WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyandtheinfluencesofenteringtheWTO,theinternationalcommunicationactivitiesbetweenChinaandforeigncountriesarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.Makingfriendsduringbanquetisakindofcommonformofcommunication.However,diet,asessentialprerequisiteforexistence,isanysubstancethatprovidesthenutrientsnecessarytomaintainlifeandgrowthwheningested.Itplaysanirreplaceableroleinthedevelopmentofsocietyandintheprogressofhumanbeings,whetherinancienttimeswhenprimitivemanatetherawfleshofbirdsandbeastsorinmoderntimeswhenhumanshaveenteredtheneweraofinformation,andwhetherinEastorinWest.

TherearegreatdifferencebetweenChinaandWesterncountriesinetiquetteandcontentofdietcultures,sothecomparativestudyofChinese&Westerndietcultureswillhelpusincreasecross-culturalawarenessthattolerating,understanding,andfurthermore,appreciatingandrespectingculturaldifferenceisessentialifwearetoachievecross-culturalcompetenceduringtheinteraction.Moreover,aswecommunicatewithpeoplefromdifferentcultures,wewilllearnmoreaboutthemandtheirwayoflife,includingtheirhistory,valuesandthesubstanceoftheirpersonality,andeventually,wewillunderstandthembetter.Basedontheabove-mentionedpurposes,wewilldiscussthedietdifferencebetweenChinaandAmericaindetail.

2．DevelopmentofChineseCookingHistory

Chinaisacountrywherethepreparationandappreciationoffoodhasbeendevelopedtothehighestlevel.Chinesecultureconsiderscookinganart.Allotherphilosophiesconsiderthepreparationoffoodacraft.

TheartofChinesecookinghasbeendevelopedandrefinedovermanycenturies.EmperorFutaughtpeopletofish,hunt,growcropsandcooktwentycenturiesbeforeChrist.HowevercookingcouldnotbeconsideredanartuntilthegreatclassicalageofChina,theChouDynasty1122-249B.C.

ThetwodominantphilosophiesoftheChinesecultureareConfucianismandTaoism.EachinfluencedthecourseofChinesehistoryandthedevelopmentoftheculinaryarts.Confucianismconcerneditselfwiththeartofcookingandplacedgreatemphasisontheenjoymentoflife.TotheChinese,foodandfriendsareinseparable.Agatheringwithoutfoodisconsideredincompleteandimproper.

Confuciuslovedandrespectedtheartofcooking.Heestablishedculinarystandardsandpropertableetiquette.Mostofthesearestillconsideredtobethestandardsoftoday.ThetraditionofcuttingfoodsintobitesizepiecesduringpreparationandnotatthetableisuniquetotheChineseculture.TheuseofknivesataChinesedinerisconsidered"poortaste."

Confuciustaughtthatgoodcookingdependsontheblendingofvariousingredientsandcondimentsratherthanthetasteoftheindividualelements.Hebelievedthatinordertobecomeagoodcookonemustfirstbeagoodmatchmaker.Theflavorsoftheingredientsmustbeblendedwithharmony.Withoutthisharmonythereisnotaste.Healsostressedtheuseofcolorandtextureinthepresentationofthedish.MostcertainlyConfucianismhelpedelevatecookingfromamenialtasktothestatusofanart,"theartofChinesecooking."

Taoismwasresponsibleforthedevelopmentofthehygienicaspectsoffoodsandcooking.Theprincipleobjectsofthisphilosophywerethenourishmentofthebodyandthesearchforlongevity.IncontrasttoConfucianswhowereinterestedinthetaste,textureandappearance,Taoistswereconcernedwiththelife-givingattributesofvariousfoods.

OverthecenturiestheChinesehaveexploredtheworldofplants,roots,herbsfungusandseedstofindlife-givingelements.Theydiscoveredthenutritionalvalueofvegetablescouldbedestroyedbyimpropercookingandthatmanyitemshadmedicinalvalue.Forexample,ginger,afavoritecondiment,isalsousedtosootheanupsetstomachandasacoldremedy.

UnlikethemajorityofeasterncuisinesmostChinesedishesarelow-calorieandlow-fat.Foodiscookedusingpoly-unsaturatedoils,andmilk,cream,butterandcheesearenota.partofthedailydiet.Animalfatsarekepttoaminimumduetothesmallportionsofmeatsused.PleasenotehoweverthatsomedishesservedinChineserestaurantsmaybeconsiderablyhigherincaloriesandfatsthanthoseinthiscookbookthatyouprepareathome.

TheChinesefollowingthephilosophyofTaoismmayhavefoundtheanswersin500B.C.totoday'sdietandhealthproblems.TheChinesecookingstylecertainlyaffordsyoutheopportunitytocookhealthy.

3．Americancuisinedevelopment

TheUnitedStatesisalandofdeliciouseatingfromcoasttocoastandneighborhoodtoneighborhood.Butitsculturalandculinarymixmakesitimpossibletocharacterizeinasinglebyteorevenastringofthem.

ThetwoconceptsessentialtounderstandingUSfoodareregionalismanddiversity,accentonthelatter.Afterall,Italianfooddiffersfromprovincetoprovinceandcitytocityaswell.ButkeythemesrunthroughItaly'sfoodfromsouthtonorthsimplybecauseitspeoplehavesuchstrongrootsintheItaliansoil.NotsowiththeUS.Anationofnewcomers,itsfoodreflectsitsorigins.

SomeofthestrongestinfluencesonUScuisinecamefromAfricanslaves,thepeoplewholeastintendedtobehere.Americanfoodisinconceivablewithoutbarbecueinitsmanyvariations,allkindsoffrittersandamessofgreens.IndeedAfricansbroughtwiththemimportanttechniquesincludingsmokingmeats,fryinggrainsandlegumesintofritters,boilingleafygreenvegetables,andmakinguphot,spicysauces.SinceAfrican-AmericansranthekitchensonSouthernplantations,theyplayedamajorroleinmoldingtherenownedcuisineoftheSouth.Yearslaterwhenrailroadsbegantocrossthecontinent,Blackmenranthegalleysandcarriedthatinfluencenorthandwest.

Chinesefoodarrivedwiththefirstlaborersbroughtovertobuildtherailroads.ConfinedtotheChinesecommunitywhichwaslegallykeptfromminglingwiththebroaderpopulation,itoverflowedthebordersofChinatownstobecomepartoftheAmericaneatingexperience.

Theearliestimmigrants,largelyfromCanton,broughtwiththematasteforwhatmanyaficionadosbelieveisthemostdelicateandrefinedofChinesecuisines.Themixofmorerecentarrivalsinsuresthateverycityofmediumsiz