高中短文改错讲解与练习.docx
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高中短文改错讲解与练习
短文改错题旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力。
但是，这种试题并不是检测语法知识的，而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。
这种能力是进行书面表达的必备能力，写作的成效需要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，检验能力是不可缺少的要素。
把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。
一、短文改错题的解题步骤
1.通读全文，掌握大意
短文改错不是单句改错，每一句的语意表达，结构选择是受上下文制约的。
如谓语动词时态的选择，代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索进行判断。
因此，考生应立足于上下文，正确理解作者意图，把握短文的题材、体裁、时态主线，人物和主要情节等，从整体上把握全文。
2.整句理解，逐行推敲
通读全文，了解文章大意、写作方式之后，要细致分析每一个完整的句子。
应把主要注
与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致等。
2.连接手段的错误
高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段。
连词使用不当会造成上下文无法衔接。
英语中的词与词、句与句必须使用并列或从属连词将其连接起来，，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步，从而选择相应的连词。
若为复合句，首先判断属于何种从句，然后根据主从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余的现象。
3.平行结构的错误
在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词对应，形容词与形容词对应，分词与分词对应，不定式与不定式对应，短语与短语对应。
它经常借助于并列连词and，or，but或连词词组notonly...butalso...，not...but...，either...or...，neither...nor...，aswellas等。
4.非谓语动词形式上的错误
主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏；to是介词还是不定式符号的辨认（后跟动词原形
考生对名词单复数的掌握情况。
8.词语搭配的错误
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后缺少介词，英语中的一些固定句型及习惯搭配等。
9.词性分辨的错误
词在句中的位置及与其他词所形成的修饰与被修饰的关系决定了其正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用与之相匹配的词性。
10.行文逻辑上的错误
短文改错中的行文逻辑错误是最难改的一种错误。
因为要识别和改出某种错误，考生必须细读全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文逻辑发展顺序的基础上，作出正确判断。
下面，我们以典型例题试题中几道有代表意义的短文改错题来分析一下这些种类的错误形式。
2、典型例题
1.（2013精选模拟）短文改错
Mycarjustwouldn’tmoveanyfurther.Itwascomplete
1.
dead,andIwasafewmilesfarawayfromanywhereonacold
2.
wetnight.IdecidedwalkaroundalittlebeforeacceptingI’d
3.
havetospendthenightintheear.MaybeIcanfinda
4.
telephone.Actually,Ididn’thavetowalkfarbeforeI
5.
foundasmallhousestandingonafieldwithalight
6.
shonefromthesittingroom.Iknockedatthedoorand
7.
wasdelightingwhenapleasa
ntoldmanopenedthe
8.
doorbutlistenedtomystorycarefully.Hesaidhehad
9.
notelephone,anditwasn’tonewithinwalkingdistance,
10.
butofferedtocomeandlookatmycar.
2.（典型例题改错）
Mysisterfoundabirdontheroadside.Wenamedhim
Jackandkeephimforaboutthreeyears.Hewouldgreetus
1.
inatreeoutsideourbedroom,calling“Hello”aswelayin
2.
bedinamorning.Healsopassed"Hello"tothecatswhen
3.
theycameintotheroom.Weoftenplayedatrickonhimself.
4.
We’dthrowacoinasfaraspossibly.Jackwouldflyaway
5.
andbringitbackforusthrowagain.Hewouldalsocatch
6.
thefoodthrowingtohimfromtheothersideoftheroomand
7.
singhappily.ButforthemostwonderfulthingaboutJack
8.
werehismusicalability.Leavinghimathomeallday,we
9.
wouldreturnatnighttohearthathe’dpickedupfromthe
radiointheday.
10.
3.（2013精选模拟）
Notallpeopleliketoworkandeveryonelikestoplay.Allover
1.
theworldmenandwoman,boysandgirlsenjoysports.Since
2.
longago,manyadultsandchildrencalledtheirfriendstogether
3.
tospendhours,evendaysplaygames.Oneofthereasonspeople
4.
liketoplayisthatsportshelpthemtolivehappily.Inotherwords,
5.
theyhelptokeeppeoplestrongandfeelgood.Whenpeopleare
6.
playinggames,theymovealot.Thatishowsportsaregoodactivities
7.
fortheirhealth.Havingfunwiththeirfriendsmakethemhappy.
8.
Manypeopleenjoysportsbywatchingtheothersplay.InAmerican
9.
bigcities,thousandssellticketstowatchfootballorbasketballgames.
10.
4.（2013精选模拟）短文改错
HenryRoycedidnotlikehiscar,thatranbadlyandoften
1.
brokedown.Sohedecidedtomakeabestcarhimself,
2.
andin1904heproducedhisfirstnewmodel.CharlesRolls,
3.
acarmaker,wasveryinterestedinRoyce’scar,butsoon
4.
RollsaridRoycegointobusinesstogether.Oneoftheirfirst
5.
modelwastheSilverGhost.In1907,aSilverGhostbrokethe
6.
world’srecordbydrive14,371mileswithoutbreakingdown
7.
once.Afterthedrive,itwascostjustover￡2toputthecar
8.
backintoperfectcondition.ThisisnotsurprisingthattheSilver
9.
Ghostwasregarded“thebestcarintheworld”.
10.
5.短文改错
Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhile1.
studyingatschool.Oneofthemwasthat2.__
theycanearnmoney,forthemostpart.3.
studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirown4.__
use.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthem5.__
tospendonanythingasiftheyplease.6.__
Theywouldhavetoasktheirparentsfor7.__
moneyorforpermissiontodothingsby8.__
themoney.Somestudentsmayalsotosave9.__
upforourcollegeorfutureuse.10.__
6.短文改错
DearMr.Brown,
Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.
1.
Beforeyoucametoteachus,Ihadnotinterestin
2.
English.Mypronunciationwasterribly.Icould3.
onlyspeakafewwords.Butoneandahalfyearlater.
4.
InowthinkEnglishfuntolearn.Igotalostfromyour
5.
encouragingwords.Iwillalwaysrememberwhatyou
6.
said,“Ifyoutryto,youcanbeNo.1!
”Ihopeyou’ve
7.
hadpeasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina8.
againsometimesinthefuture.Iwillwriteagain9.
andsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.10.
Yourssincerely,
LiMin
Passage1
Manymanyyearsagotherehadamerchant1.
namedAbul.Hewastherichermaninthe2.
country.Hehadlarge,strongboxesfilling3.
withgold,andhisstorehouseswerefullof4.
valuegoods.Heownedlandandhousesand5.
gardens.But
thoughhewassuchrich,he6.
spentleastthanthepoorestbeggarinthe7.
city.Heateonlydatesandbreads,andwore8.
hisclothingforscoresofyearsbeforehebought9.
newones.Hehadnotboughtnewshoessince10.
thirtyyears.
Passage2
DuringthissummerholidayItookpartinspecial
1.
summercampwithsomeofmyclassmates.Wherewe
2.
madesomenewfriendswhowereseniorstudentsfrom
3.
Canvey,atownintheThames,lyingtotheeastofLondon.
4.
Ashosts,weshowedthemaroundmanyplacesofinterests
5.
inBeijing,suchthePalaceMuseum,theGreatWalland
6.
theSummerPalaceandwetellthemaboutthechanges
7.
whichhadbeentakenplaceinBeijing.Theysaidthat
8.
Beijingwasquitedifferentwithwhattheyhadheardofand
9.
itwasasbeautifullyasCanvey.Ithinkthesummercamp
10.
isofgreatvalue.
Passage3
MydreamisalwaystovisittoLondon,England.I
1.
imaginedLondonlikeabigcitywithsomeofthebest
2.
artshowsintheworld.Thissummermydreamcometrue
3.
whenIspentaweekinLondon.Ilivedinahotelinthe
4.
theatrearea,butonthefirstdayItookseverallongwalks
5.
throughthecitystaringallthefamousbuildings.Because
6.
thereiswidevarietyofprograms,Icouldgotoadifferent
7.
theatereverynighttoseedifferentshows.Thebestwaswhen
8.
IwenttoseeaplayingbythemostfamouswriterintheEnglish
9.
language-Shakespeare.Thisiswasmymostlyenjoyablevacation.
10.
Passage4
Duringthesummerholiday,IthinkIshoulddosomething
1.
meaningfulinsteadtouring.SoIgotajobatafastfood
2.
restaurantandworkedthereascleaner.Iworked7hoursaday
3.
forthreeweeks.Thejobwashardandboredandseemedendless,
4.
itmademesotiredthatInearlystoppedithalfway.
5.
Afterall,Istucktoitwithdeterminations.EverydayIstarted
6.
offforworkearlyinthemorningandwenttohomelateinthe
7.
evening.Finally,Ifinishedthejobafterthenewschoolterm
8.
began.Now,Iunderstandthatlabormeans.Ithinkitisreally
9.
asuccessfulexperience,whichisworthrememberingforever
10.
Passage5
Myswimmingexperienceisextremeinteresting.Therewas
1.
atimewhenIswamlikearock.Thiswentontooneday
2.
whenIwasfishingwithafriendofmineatnearbypond.
3.
Islipintoit.Ifmyfriendhadnotcometomyrescue,
4.
Iwouldhavebeendrowned.Eversincethen,Ihavecome
5.
toknowtheimportancesoflearningtoswim.Ididn’t
6.
attendtoanytrainingclassbutlearneditonmyown.Strange
7.
tosay,Ihavenodifficultyswimatallnow.Thoughmy
8.
self-inventstyleslookawkward（拙笨的）,atleasttheycan
9.
keepmyfloating.Thinkingofthis,Iammorethansatisfied.
10.
答案:
my改为me
Passage6
IwasusedtocomplainaboutmyEnglishteacherfor
1.
herbadEnglish.Iwasalsotiredwithherteachingmethods,
2.
whichwerealwaysslowandbored.However,myattitude
3.
towardsherbegantochangeafteroneafternoon.Itwasraining
4.
heavilyandIdidn’tattendtoschool.Around5:
30pmIreceived
5.
aphonecall.“Areyouallright?
”askedmyEnglishteacherinquiet
6.
voice.Onhearinghiswords,Iwasshockedandmymindwas
7.
floodedwithmixedfeelings.Sheisshowingherconcernfor
8.
me,thoughIhadnotbeenhappilywithher!
Wasshejustacting,
9.
andshouldIsmoothawaymypastmisunderstandingofher?
10.
Passage7
WhenIwalkedintotheclassroom,theteacherwashandinginthetestpapers..Iwasfeelingverynervous.Ihadnotstudied1.
atalltheweekendasIhadthoughtitwouldbeeasytest.
2.
IwenttroughthetestformanytimesbutIcouldonlyanswer
3.
threeoutfromthetwentyquestions.Ididnotwanttofail
4.
theexam.Then,Iputmybookundermydesk,openingit
5.
andstartedlookingfortheanswer.Theteacherwasn’t
6.
lookingatme,butIcopiedsomething.Suddenly,Ifeltahand
7.
onmyshoulder!
Theteachercaughtmecheating.Idon’t
8.
knowwhattosay.Luckily,theteacherdidnotpunishfor
9.
cheatingbutinsteadgavemeasecondchance.10.__
Passage8
DearLinda,
Ourcitychangedalotinthepast5years.Morehighways1.
havebeenbuilt,thatmakesitveryconvenientforpeople2.
totravel.Manyhighbuildingshavebeenappeared,which3.
aremodemandbeautiful.Astheres
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