吉林大学考博英语真题.docx

吉林大学考博英语真题.docx

《吉林大学考博英语真题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《吉林大学考博英语真题.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

吉林大学考博英语真题

2012年吉林大学考博英语真题

PartIVocabularyandStructure（30%）

Directions:

Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

1.Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsideredofeachotherinthought,but

theyareinseparableinfact.

A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.inelevantlyD.independently

2.Theworkwasdoneintheofreformsintheeconomic,socialandculturalspheres.

A.contextB.contestC.pretextD.texture

3.Thedeantriedtoretaincontrolofthesituationoncampus,buthisattemptwasbytheboardoftrustees.

A.approvedB.frustratedC.disclosedD.justified

4.Somejournalistsarefoundofoverstatingthesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreatea

great.

A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggeratingD.stimulation

5.Therewaslittle,ifany,evidencetosubstantiatethegossipand,therewaslittleto

disproveit.

A.bythesametokenB.underthesamecondition

C.atthesamestageD.forthesamepurpose

6.Everychemicalchangeeitherresultsfromenergybeingusedtoproducethechange,orcauses

energytobeinsomeform.

A.givenoffB.putoutC.setoffD.usedup

7.TheUnitedNationLawoftheSeaConferencewouldsoonproduceanocean-miningtreaty

followingitsdeclarationin1970thatoceansweretheheritageofmankind.

A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty

8.Thisgrowthintheofdiabetesisdue,inpart,toanincreaseinobesity.

A.inferenceB.incidenceC.regulationD.repetition

9.Preliminaryestimationputsthefigureataround＄110billion,the＄160billionthe

PresidentisstrugglingtogetthroughtheCongress.

A.inproportiontoB.inreplytoC.inrelationtoD.incontrastto

10.France’sofnucleartestingintheSouthPaciticlastmonthtriggeredpolltical

debatesandmassdemonstrations.

A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption

11.Theofaoulturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysical

aspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

A.implementationB.demonstcationC.manifestationD.expedition

12.Readingthemindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge,itisthinkingthatmakeswhat

wereadour.

A.rectitiesB.prolongsC.minimizesD.furnishes

13.Previousstudiesprovokedbecausetheusedpatientswhosediagnosiswas

questionable.

A.contrlbutionB.contractionC.controversyD.convergence

14.Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose.

A.temperamentB.contaminationC.scrutinyD.symmetry

15.IneversaidanythinglikethatatallYouarepurposelymyideastoproveyour

points.

A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting

16.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,companiesmustthe

qualitiesandvarietiesoftheirproductstotheworld-marketdemand.

A.forfeitB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear

17.Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvoived,somychoicewasquite.

A.arbitraryB.rationalC.mechanicalD.unpredictable

18.Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilitytofurtherresearchand

furtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate

19.Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyreadlettersfromtheir

families.

A.affectionateB.sentimentalC.intimateD.sensitive

20.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjustandneedsproving.

A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical

21.Theceremonywillassoonasthepresidentarrives.

A.commendB.complyC.confrontD.commence

22.Thebarbarousaggressorsgrewmoreandmoreinslaughteringpeopleandburning

downtheirhouses.

A.amorphousB.ferociousC.audaciousD.egregious

23.SomeofthewordsemployedbyShakespeareinhisworkshavebecomeandareno

longerusedinthepresentdays.

A.obsoleteB.obsceneC.obviousD.oblique

24.Becauseoftheeconomicslowdown,thegovernmentchangeditspolicytorevenue

bylimitingcommerce.

A.disregardB.challengeC.diminishD.reject

25.Thespectatorsinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons

slowlyintothesky.

A.descendingB.ascendingC.escalatingD.elevating

26.Anincreasingproportionofourpopulation,unabletolivewithoutadvanced

medical,willbecomeprogressivelymorereliantonexpensivetechnology.

A.interferenceB.interruptionC.interventionD.interaction

27.Severalintemationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto,oratleastweaken,

thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

A.revoltB.revolveC.reverseD.revive

28.ForeigndisinvestmentsandtheofSouthAfricafromworldcapitalmarketsafter

1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.

A.displacementB.eliminationC.exclusionD.exception

29.Wearemovingtowardsamoreandcooperativesociety,whichisgettingbetterandbetter.

AfraternalBemotionalCexclusionDillegal

30.Thestudentwereaboutwhotheirnewteacherwouldbewhenthe

bellrangfortheirfirstclassinthenewsemester.

A.foreseeingB.speculatingC.fabricatingD.pondering

PartIIIReadingComprehension（60%）

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheproblemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheentirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanfightitoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturally,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevaccinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopulationoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,3000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemandatoryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmericaIntheeventofare-introductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyablessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencures.

51.Howdovaccinesprotecthumansfromdiseasesaccordingtoparagraphtwo?

A.Bypassinginformationonhowtofightthediseasetothedisease.

B.Bypassinginformationonhowtofightthediseasetotheimmunesystem.

C.Byweakeningthediseasesothattheimmunesystemcandefeatit.

D.Introducingthediseasetothebody,sothatsurvivorshavealreadyfoughtit.

52.Whatdoestheexampleofthesmallpoxvaccineillustrate?

A.Thewaythatvaccinesprotectpeoplefromdiseases.

B.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindiseases.

C.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

D.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

53.Theauthorarguesthatvaccinationsarebothablessingandacursebecause.

A.savingthemanywouldnotnecessarilyjustifythedeathofthefew.

B.somevaccines,suchasthesmallpoxvaccine,havenegativesideeffects.

C.theydon’talwayswork.

D.whilemanylivesaresaved,SOMEAREACTUALLYKILLEDBYTHEVACCINT.

54.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe.

A.“TheSmallpoxVaccine:

AnAnalysis”.

B.“HowVaccinesWork”.

C.“Vaccines:

MethodsandImplications”.

D.“AWarningontheNegativeSideEffectsofVaccines”.

55.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.convincethereaderthatvaccinesarenotassafeasmanythink.

B.educatethereaderonhowvaccinesareusedandsomeoftheirdangers.

C.educatethereaderonthecircumstancesthatwouldnecessitatewidespreadvaccinations.

D.presentthemethodbywhichvaccinesareusedthroughthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine.

PassageTwo

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Fewnaturaldangersaremorefearedthanavalanches.AvalanchesareafamiliarpartofEuropeanhistory,ParticularlyintheSwissandFrenchAlps.Thisiswherethedirectionofwarshasturnedalmostinstantlybecauseofavalancheswipingoutinvadingarmies.

InNorthAmerica,avalanchesarelimitedalmostentirelytotheRockyMountainsandthelowerrangestothewest,theSierraNevadasandtheCascades.AvalancheshaveoccurredinthemountainsofNewEnglandbutnotwiththeregularityandintensityseenintheweste