新高中英语Module4SandstormsinAsiaPeriodThreeGrammarWriting课时作业外研版必修3Word文档格式.docx
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5.Themeetingto_be_heldtomorrowisabouthowtocontrolthepollution.
明天举行的会议是关于如何控制污染的。
动词不定式和but+不定式
一、动词不定式的时态和语态形式
语态
时态
主动
被动
一般式
todo
tobedone
进行式
tobedoing
完成式
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
1.动词不定式的一般式:
表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。
Heseems_to_understandwhatIsaid.
他似乎明白我说的话。
2.动词不定式的进行式:
表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。
Thetwocheatspretended_to_be_workinghard.
那两个骗子假装在努力工作。
3.动词不定式的完成式:
表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。
Sheseems_to_have_seenthisfilm.
她似乎已看过这部影片。
4.动词不定式的被动语态:
表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。
Sheaskedto_be_treatedequally.
她要求被公平对待。
[题组训练1]
(1)完成句子
①Don’tpretend_to_know(假装懂)whatyoudon’tknow.
②WhenIcamein,hehappened_to_be_reading(恰好在读书).
③Sheseemed_to_have_forgotten(似乎忘掉了)thewholething.
④Thebikeneedsto_be_repaired(修理).
⑤I’msorryto_have_brought(带来)yousomuchtrouble.
(2)高考变式
①Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclassto_help(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.(2014·
重庆,11)
②Heisthoughtto_have_acted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(2014·
江西,34)
③Therearestillmanyproblemsto_be_solved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014·
北京,28)
二、动词不定式的句法功能
不定式的句法功能是作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、目的状语和结果状语。
To_live_in_ChinaisMr.Smith’sdream.(主语)
生活在中国是史密斯先生的梦想。
Yourjobisto_wash_dishes.(表语)
你的工作是刷盘子。
Shepromisedto_givehimachance.(宾语)
她答应给他一个机会。
Theteachertoldhisstudentsto_pay_attention_totheirpronunciation.(宾语补足语)
老师告诉学生们要注意发音。
Iwasaskedto_helphimwithhislessons.(主语补足语)
我被请求帮他学功课。
Haveyougotapencilto_draw_pictures_with?
(定语)
你有绘图的铅笔吗?
SomescientistswenttoGermanyto_attend_a_medical_conference.(目的状语)
一些科学家去德国参加医学大会。
Hewastooexcitedto_say_anything.(结果状语)
他兴奋得说不出话来。
[题组训练2]
(1)写出下列句子中不定式(短语)所作的成分
①Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessonecanseek.主语
②Ican’taffordtobuythehouse.宾语
③HisjobistoteachEnglish.表语
④Ibelievehimtobehonest.宾补
⑤Heworkedhardtopasstheexam.目的状语
①To_free(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.(2014·
湖南,35)
②To_work_out(work)thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.(2014·
陕西,20)
③It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneto_employ(employ)asecurityofficer.(2014·
山东,9)
④Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlyto_find(find)itdidn’tfit.(2014·
天津,5)
三、复合结构不定式
for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。
其中for本身无意义。
for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或状语。
Itisveryimportantfor_us_to_geteverythingreadyfortheharvest.
为收获季节准备好一切对我们来说很重要。
当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite等。
Itisverykindof_you_to_helphimeveryday.
你真是太友好了,每天都帮他。
四、疑问词+动词不定式
疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。
How_to_preventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.
如何阻止他们在这条河里游泳是个问题。
五、but+不定式
动词不定式在介词but,except,besides等表示“除了……”之意的后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则带to。
Shecoulddonothingbut_cry.她只有哭泣。
Tomdidnothingexcept_waitbeforehisparentscamehome.
父母回家之前,汤姆只有等待。
Whatdoyouliketodobesides_swim?
除了游泳你还喜欢做什么?
Hedidnothingelsethan_laugh.他只笑笑而已。
Ihavenochoicebut_to_acceptthefact.
除了接受这一事实,我别无选择。
拓展延伸
在can’tbut,can’thelpbut,can’tchoosebut(不得不,只能)结构后,不定式不带to。
Therebeingnobuses,hecan’t_but_walkhome.
由于没有公共汽车,他只能步行回家。
Hecan’t_choose_butaccepttheoffer.
他别无选择只能接受提议。
[题组训练3]
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Ihavenothingtodobutwait(wait)here.
②Hehadnochoicebutto_give(give)in.
③Shecan’thelpbutobey(obey)theagreement.
④Wecan’tchoosebutreturn(return)unwillingly.
⑤Itwassillyofyouto_believe(believe)him.
Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutto_meet(meet)anevengreaterchallenge.(2012·
陕西,22)
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Shedidn’tmovequicklyenoughto_avoid(avoid)beingknockeddownbythecar.
2.Thedoctoradvisedmymotherto_rest(rest),butshedidn’tagree.
3.Ithinkitisveryimportantto_protect(protect)thisrarespecies.
4.LiNawasproudto_have_won(win)severalchampionsathomeandabroad.
5.Areyougoingtotheconcertto_be_given(give)nextweekendbyLangLang,ayoungpianist?
6.Hisfathertoldhimnot_to_play(notplay)computergamesallday.
7.Waitaminute.Ihavesomeworkto_deal_with(dealwith).
8.Howbravethegirlwaswhenfacingthefire!
Wecannotbutadmire(admire)her.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1.Shewishesshebecameasportsstar.
Herwishistobecomeasportsstar.
2.Thedoctordidn’tallowthepatienttoeatfattyfood.
Thedoctorwarnedthepatientnottoeatfattyfood.
3.Thecoldbloodedanimalcouldnotchoosebutliedownandsleepinwinter.
Thecoldbloodedanimalhadnochoicebuttoliedownandsleepinwinter.
4.Iwenttotheclassroomandfoundithadbeenlocked.
Iwenttotheclassroom,onlytofindithadbeenlocked.
5.Tomissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.
Tomistooyoungtogotoschool.
PartTwo Writing
写作目标
Writingabouttheenvironmentalproblems
常用句式
1.Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.
2.Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandforourlatergenerations.
3.Ononehand...ontheotherhand...
4.Whenitcomesto...,mostpeoplebelievethat...,butotherpeopleregard...as...
5.Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththeseproblemsbythegovernment.
6.Ihopetheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfutureandourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter.
7.Inmyopinion/Itseemstomethat.../AsfarasIknow...
8.Apubliceducationcampaignshouldbelaunchedtomakepeoplehaveagoodknowledgeofenvironment.
典例展示
近年来沙尘暴肆虐我国。
假如你是李华,根据以下要点用英语向报社投稿,呼吁大家植树造林,保护环境。
过去我的家乡是一个美丽的地方。
茂密的树木和青草随处可见。
可是,为了盖房和种更多的庄稼,人们砍了越来越多的树。
随着时间流逝,整个树林几乎全被破坏了。
渐渐地,青山变成了荒地。
结果,沙尘暴时常
袭来,给我们带来很多灾害。
所以,我真的希望所有的人们都认识到不保护环境的严重后果。
还有,为了改善生活状况,我们应看护好树林,种更多的树而不是砍树。
参考词汇:
荒地wasteland
联想词汇
1.过去常常used_to
2.为了in_order_to/so_as_to
3.砍伐(树木)cut_down
4.结果as_a_result
5.不时地now_and_then
6.采取措施干某事take_measures_to_do_sth.
7.处理,处置deal_with
8.在乎,关心care_about
9.照顾,照料take_care_of
10.生活状况living_conditions
范文展示
Deareditor,
I’dliketotellyousomethingaboutthechangesofmyhometown.Myhometownusedtobeabeautifulplace.Thicktreesandgreengrasscouldbeseeneverywhere.However,inordertobuildhousesandgrowmorecrops,peoplecutdownmoreandmoretrees.Astimewenton,thewholewoodswasalmostdestroyed.Gradually,thegreenhillshavechangedintoawasteland.Asaresult,sandstormsstruckusnowandthen,fromwhichwesufferedalot.
Measuresshouldbetakentodealwiththeseproblems.So,Idohopethatallthepeopleshouldrealizetheterribleresultofnotcaringaboutourenvironment.What’smore,weshouldtakegoodcareofthewoodsandplantmoretreesinsteadofcuttingthemdownsoastoimproveourlivingconditions.
Yours,
LiHua
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Militarytraining(军训)haslongbeenconsideredatraditionthatfreshmenmustgothroughbeforetheystarttheircollegelife.EarlyinFebruary,theMinistryofEducationannouncedarulethatcollegesanduniversitiesshouldcarryoutatleast14days’militarytrainingforthosefreshmen.Whilesomepeoplequestionthenecessityofsuchtraining,manystudentsregardthemilitarytrainingasatraditionofcollegelifethatshouldbekept.
Areportin“BeijingEveningNews”questionedtheadvantagesofthemilitarytrainingforthetrainingdidlittletoimprovestudents’physicalfitnessoveronlytwoweeksanditalsoshowedthatmaybelearningsomewaysofdealingwiththenaturaldisasterwouldbeofgreateradvantage.
MengYangfromGuangxiUniversityfainted(晕倒)duringthetrainingandshesaidthatmanystudents,especiallygirls,didn’twanttobetrainedunderthehotsun.“Forme,militarytrainingisphysicallychallengingandittestsmybody,”addedthegirl.However,accordingtoLiJianfromGuangzhouUniversity,“Faintsoftenhappenduringthemilitarytrainingandtheschoolhasreceivedalotofcomplaintsfrombothstudentsandparents.ButIstillthinkthemilitarytrainingisagoodchanceforusstudentsforwecanexerciseourselvesandbecomemorepositiveaboutthenewenvironment.Andforourteachers,thestudentmanagementworkwouldbeeasierafterit.”
AccordingtotheMinistryofEducation,thepurposeofthemilitarytrainingistoteachstudentstoobeytherulesandtofitinwithhardsituations.Andbygoingthroughthishardjourney,studentscouldmakefriendsfasterandafeelingofbelongingtotheschoolcouldbedeveloped.Butinreality,theresultisnotsatisfying(令人满意的)becausesuchgoalsneedalongtimetodevelopandit’simpossibletoexpectthemilitarytrainingtomakeadifferenceinonly14days.
1.Accordingtothepassage,themilitarytrai