论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性.docx

论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性.docx

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论爱丽丝梦游仙境的童话性与现实性

中图分类号：

I106.4

学号：

师学院

本科毕业论文

论文题目：

论《爱丽丝梦游仙境》的童话性与现实性

作者：

静

指导教师：

岭讲师

学院：

外国语学院

专业：

英语

班级：

2009级3班

二〇一三年三月

论《爱丽丝梦游仙境》的童话性与现实性

师学院

外国语学院

英语专业

申请文学学士学位

毕业论文

作者：

指导教师：

OntheRomanticismandRealismofAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland

AThesisSubmittedto

EnglishDepartment,

SchoolofForeignLanguages,

NanyangNormalUniversity

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

Supervisor：

Acknowledgments

Iwouldliketothankallthosewhohavegivenmetheirgeneroushelp,commitmentandenthusiasm,whichhavebeenthemajordrivingforcetocompletethecurrentpaper.

Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,Ms.Qinforherilluminatingdirection,informativeadviceaswellasherpatientencouragementthroughoutthewritingofthisthesis.Shedevotedmuchtimeandprovidedmanysuggestionstotherevisionandimprovementofthemanydrafts.Herrigorousscholarshipandagreeablepersonalitywillbethemostvaluabletreasureinmywholelife.

MysincereappreciationalsogoestotheprofessorsinForeignLanguageDepartmentofNanyangNormalUniversity,fromwhosedevotedteachingandenlighteninglecturesIhavebenefitedalotandacademicallypreparedforthethesis.

Iamalsoverygratefultomyfriends,especiallymytwolovelyroommates:

JinXimeiandChenYinggefortheircarefulproof-readingofthisworkandusefuladvice.

Inaddition,thegratitudeIfindalmostimpossibletoarticulateisthatwhichIowetomyfamily.Myparentshavealwaysprovidedmewiththeirloveandemotionalsupportandencouragement.Myheartfeltthankstoallthepeoplewhohavegivenmehelparebeyondwords.Asfortheremainingdemeritsofthisstudy,Imyselftakethesoleresponsibility.

摘要

本研究以爱丽丝为研究对象，并结合维多利亚时代“家庭天使”的女性形象，来分析爱丽丝在小说中的具体表现并总结其童话性与现实性的意义。

本文旨在通过对《爱丽丝梦游仙境》的故事情节的分析研究更有助于读者在一定程度上克服阅读障碍，进一步加深对童话性与现实性的矛盾性这一主题的理解。

关键词：

家庭天使；权势批判；荒诞性

Abstract

BasedonAliceastheresearchobject,andconnectedwiththefemaleimageof“theangelinthehouse”inVictorianera,thispaperanalyzesthemanifestationofAliceinthenovelandsummarizesthesignificanceoftheromanticismandrealismofAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland.Meanwhile,theaimofthispaperistohelpreadersovercomeobstaclesinreadingbytheanalysisoftheabsurdplotsinAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland.

KeyWords:

“theangelinthehouse”;criticalpower;absurdity

Contents

AcknowledgmentsI

摘要II

AbstractIII

ContentsIV

1.Introduction1

1.1IntroductiontoLewisCarroll1

1.2IntroductiontoAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland2

2.TheStudyofVictorianWomen2

2.1TheStatusofVictorianWomen2

2.2ImageandCharacteristicsofthePerfectWoman4

2.21Partnership4

2.22TheAuraoftheVirginMary4

2.23TheIdeaofMaleSuperiority5

2.3SocialBackgroundoftheEnglishNovel5

3.TheStructureandContentsofAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland7

3.1MainCharactersinAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland7

3.2CriticalPowerofAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland8

3.3RomanticismofThroughtheLookingGlass11

4.TheBeautyofAbsurdityintheSpiritualWorld12

5.Conclusion14

Bibliography16

1.Introduction

1.1IntroductiontoLewisCarroll

LutwidgeDodgson（1832-1898）,whowroteunderthenameLewisCarroll,wastheauthorofAlice’sAdventuresinWonderlandandThroughtheLooking-GlassandWhatAliceFoundThere.Hewasalsoanotedmathematicianandphotographer.BornonJan.27,1832,LewisCarrollpassedahappychildhoodintherectoriesofhisfather,theReverendCharlesDodgson.Forhisninesistersandtwobrothershefrequentlymadeupgamesandwrotestoriesandpoems,someofwhichforeshadowedthedelightsofAlice.AlthoughhisschoolyearsatRugby（1846-1849）wereunhappy,hewasrecognizedasagoodscholar,andin1850hewasadmittedtoChristChurch,Oxford.Hegraduatedin1854,andin1855hebecamemathematicallectureratthecollege.Thispermanentappointment,whichnotonlyrecognizedhisacademicsuperioritybutalsomadehimfinanciallysecure,carriedthestipulationsthatCarrolltookordersintheAnglicanChurchandremainedunmarried.Hecompliedwiththeserequirementsandwasordainedadeaconin1861.In1856CarrollmetAliceLiddell,the4-year-olddaughterofthedeanofChristChurch.DuringthenextfewyearsCarrollfrequentlymadeupstoriesforAliceandhersisters.OnJuly4,1862,whilepicnickingwiththeLiddellgirls,Carrollrecountedtheadventuresofalittlegirlwhofellintoarabbithole.Aliceaskedthathewritethetaleforher.Hedidso,callingitAlice’sAdventuresunderGround.Afterrevisions,thisworkwaspublishedin1865asAlice’sAdventuresinWonderlandwithillustrationsbyJohnTenniel[1:

10].Encouragedbyitssuccess,Carrollwroteasequel,ThroughtheLookingGlassandWhatAliceFoundThere（1872）.Unlikemostofthechildren’sbooksoftheday,Aliceanditssequeldonotcontainobviousmoralizing.Noraretheywhatcriticshavetriedtomakethemallegoriesofreligionorpolitics.Theyaredelightfuladventurestoriesinwhichanormal,healthy,clearheadedlittlegirlreactstothe“reality”oftheadultworld.TheirappealtoadultsaswellastochildrenliesinAlice’sintelligentresponsetoabsurditiesoflanguageandaction.HecreatedtheAliceinWonderland,openedthegoldenageofBritishchildren’sliteratureinthefirstchapter,madehisnameandhisfairytaleworktogetherforeverintheworldofchildren’ssemanticsinhistory.

1.2IntroductiontoAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland

Alice’sAdventuresinWonderlandisaboutagirlthatfallsinaholeandgoesintothismagicalworld.Itisastoryabouta7year-oldgirl,experiencesavarietyofunusualsettingsandbizarrecharacters,allgivingrisetoheranxietyandfrustration.Aliceconqueringheranxiety,shegainsself-realizationtosomeextent,whichindicatesbewilderment,strugglesandpainsduringtheprocessofchildren’sgrowing-up.ItwaswrittenbyLewisCarrolllongago,butitisstillgreatlylovedbypeopleallovertheworldregardlessofageandoccupation.Therearemanyreasonsforthestorytobepopular.Onereasonisthattheplotrichinimaginationsatisfiespeople’scuriosityabouttheunknownworld.AndanotheroneisthatthelanguageisnotonlysimpletounderstandbutalsoperfectincombinationoftheromanticismandrealismofAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland.

2.TheStudyofVictorianWomen

2.1TheStatusofVictorianWomen

TheReformBillof1832gavethemiddleclassthepoliticalpoweritneededtoconsolidateandtoholdtheeconomicpositionithadalreadyachieved.Industryandcommerceburgeoned.Whiletheaffluenceofthemiddleclassincreased,thelowerclasses,throwingofftheirlandandgoingintothecitiestoformthegreaturbanworkingclass,livedevermorewretchedly.ThesocialchangesweresoswiftandbrutalthatGodwinianutopianismrapidlygavewaytoattemptseithertojustifytheneweconomicandurbanconditions,ortochangethem.Theintellectualsandartistsoftheagehadtodealinsomewaywiththeupheavalsinsociety,theobviousinequitiesofabundanceforafewandsqualorformany,and,emanatingfromthethroneofQueenVictoria（1837-1901）,anemphasisonpublicrectitudeandmoralpropriety.

TheVictorianerawasthegreatageoftheEnglishnovel—realistic,thicklyplotted,crowdedwithcharacters,andlong.Itwastheidealformtodescribecontemporarylifeandtoentertainthemiddleclass.Britishindustrialization,democratization,theprocessofurbanizationinthereformera,basicallycompleted.Referringspecificallytomiddle-classwomenofVictorianwomenwasconsideredtobetheworld’smostperfect,themostholywomen,sothesocietycalledthem“theangelinthehouse”.However,accordingtotheanalysisandstudyofthereasonsfortheformationof“Angel”,weseethatitisthehumiliationofwomen.“Historyalwayswalkedthewindingroad,manythingsareincludedwiththesurfaceoppositetotheessenceofbourgeoiswomenarespoiledanddependent,butitistheirrelativesignofdeclineforthemenoftheclassstatus.”[2:

44].Becauseofthebourgeoiswomenhadnoeconomicautonomy,sotheirdailyliveswereatthemercyoftheman.Withouthusbandorfather’spermissiontheycouldnotgoouttowork,becauseitisdetrimentaltothetradition.Meanwhile,thewholesocietyneeds“familyangel”tomaintainthemoralandbeliefofthefamily,soastomaintaintheentiresocialmoralsandorders.

2.2ImageandCharacteristicsofthePerfectWoman

2.21Partnership

“Theangelinthehouse”andthemasculineworldbasicallywereinthestateofisolationinthepre-industrialsociety[3:

56].Popularcottageindustryandeconomicactivitieswerelimitedtothescopeofthefamily,sothehusbandandwifecouldbesaidtobepartners.Withtheindustrialrevolutionandprevalenceofcottageindustryquicklydeveloped,economicactivitieswereconfinedtothedomesticsphere.Becausethefemaledispositionwasnotsuitableforoutsidecomplexwork,sothemenwentouttoearnmoneytosupporttheirfamiliesandwomenstayedathomedoinghouseworkandraisingchildren.Andwomenhavebeentaughtgoingoutaslittleaspossibletomaintaintheirpurity.Therefore,familyhasincreasinglybecomeaisolatedspaceapartfromtheoutsideworld.Forthewomen,theyshouldcontactwiththeoutsidemainlythroughthemalemembersofthefamily.

2.22TheAuraoftheVirginMary

“Theangelinthehouse”hasreplacedtheimageofthevirginMariawiththeauraoftheVirginMary.IntheBible