初中英语语法八大时态.doc
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初中英语语法八大时态
第一课时一般现在时的用法
一、概述
一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。
“习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性,它不表示特定时间内发生的事。
二、一般现在时的结构
时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。
一般现在时间有两种结构,一种是动词原形,用于主语为非第三人称时的情况;另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式,用于主语为第三人称时的情况。
Eg1.Weoftengetupearlyinthemorning.
Eg2.Myfatheroftengetsupearlyinthemorning.
三、谈谈“主语为三单,其后动词s添”
在一般现在时中,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
可以简单叙述为“主语为三单,其后动词s添”。
何谓第三人称单数?
用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数”,如he,she,it,myfather,mymother,mysister,ourEnglishteacher,Tom,Mike,LiuJia,China,mybook,etc.
Eg3.Hesometimesgoestoschoolbybike.
Eg4.Myfatherworksinthehospitalasadoctor.
四、动词第三人称单数变化规则
动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。
规则一、一般在词尾加-s。
如:
looks,puts.reads,sees,skis等。
规则二、以-o,-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es。
如:
goes,does,misses,passes,mixes,fixes,pushes,wishes,watches,teaches,等。
规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。
注意一定是辅音字母加y才变,若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。
如:
fly → flies, try → tries, fry → fries, copy → copies
buy → buys, enjoy → enjoys, play → plays, say → says, pay → pays五、一般现在时的句子转换
(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例:
①陈述句:
Sheisastudent.
一般疑问句→Issheastudent?
否定句→Sheisnotastudent.
②陈述句:
Icanswim.
一般疑问句→Canyouswim?
否定句→Icannotswim.
(2)当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do(you,以及复数),does(单数she,he,it)变成一般疑问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数),doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
例:
①陈述句:
Wegetupat7:
00everymorning.一般疑问句→Doyougetupat7:
00everymorning?
否定句→Wedon’tgetupat7:
00everymorning.
②陈述句:
Shehasalittlebrother.
一般疑问句→Doesshehavealittlebrother?
否定句→Shedoesn’thavealittlebrother.
六、练习巩固
1.写出下列动词的三单形式
go__________catch_________
brush(刷)_____wash___________
do________like________
have___________watch________
drink___________fly___________
say_______learn___________
eat___________read___________sing______buy__________
study_______stay__________
make__________look____
pass__________carry____
come__________plant(种植)______
teach_______buy__________
2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.Weoften___________(play)intheplayground.
2.He_________(get)upatsixo’clock.
3.__________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.
4.What________(do)heusually______(do)afterschool?
5.Danny_______(study)English,Chinese,Maths,
ScienceandArtatschool.
6.Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.
7.Ateightatnight,sheoften__________(watch)TVwithhisparents.
8.________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?
9.Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?
10.Whattime_________hismother_________(do)thehousework?
3.选择题
()1.I________toschoolat7:
00inthemorning.
A.goB.goingC.goes
()2.They_______bookseverydayinthelibrary.
A.readsB.readC.reading
()3.Themonkey________eatingbananasverymuch.
A.likeB.likesC.liking
()4.Myfather________toreadnewspaperaftersuppereveryday.
A.likeB.likesC.liking
()5.IlikewatchingTV,butmymother_________likeit.
A.don’tB.doesn’tC.does
()6.____________yourfatherdrinkmilkeveryday?
A.doB.areC.does
( )7.Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.
A.don'trainB.didn'train
C.doesn'trainD.isn'train
( )8.Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.
Arose;setBrises;sets
Crises,setDrise;sets
( )9.WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.
Alike;listenBlikes;listens
Clike;arelisteningDliking;listen
( )10.Jenny____Englisheveryevening.
AhasstudyBstudies
CstudyDstudied
一、单项填空。
1.Annaachild?
A.DoesB.DoC.Is
2.youusuallytoschoolonfoot?
A.Do,comesB.does,comeC.Do,come
3.sheusuallytoschoolonfoot?
A.Do,comesB.does,comeC.Do,come
4.shehomeatsixo’clockeveryevening?
A.Do,getsB.Does.getC.Do,get
5.MymotherlikewatcingTV,soshetobedveryearlyeveryevening.
A.doesn’t,goB.don’t,goC.doesn’t,goes
6.MrGreenusuallynewspapersaftersuppereveryday.
A.readB.readingC.reads
二、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.Weoften___________(play)intheplaygoundeveryday.
2. What (do)heusually (do)afterschool?
3. ________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?
4.Theboy(sit)underthetreenow.
5.---Whatareyougoingtodo?
---I(paint)thebookcase.
6.He(like)springbest.
7.---Wherethegirl(come)from?
---ShefromBeijing.
8.Weare.Wecomefrom(Chinese,China)
9.Jim(notlike)coffee,buthe(like)tea.
10.Doyouwant(some)meattoday?
三、填入下列句子中所缺的单词。
1.Doyouwantapplesoranges?
2.---youcomefrom?
---IfromItaly.
3.---theboyfrom?
---TheboyfromShanghai.
4.theweatherlikeinwinterinBeijing?
5.seasonsdoyoulikebest?
6.Whatistheclimateinthatcountry?
7.nationalityyou?
I’mAmerican.
四、改写句子。
1. Shelivesinasmallcity. (改为一般疑问句)
5. HewatchesTVeveryday.(改为否定句)
4. Theyliveinasmallcity. (改为一般疑问句)
5. AnnawatchesTVeveryday.(改为一般疑问句)
五、改错
1.Thedogiseattingbones.
2.Mybrotherlikebeef.
3.Theynotwalkingoverthebridge.
4.Whatareyoudo?
5.Shedoesn’tlikesthewinter.
6.Heisswimingacrosstheriver.
7.Itdon’traininwinter.
8.DohecomefromEngland?
9.IcomesfromChina.
10.Thechildcrying.
11.Whatarethechilddoing?
六、用所给的词语组成句子。
1.she,does,like,steak,not,either
.
2.weather,like,the,what,today,is
?
3.weather,the,is,often,in,warm,the,of,south,couth,country,this
.
4.it,always,hot,is,summer,and,in,sometimes,rains,it
.
5.Jim,is,comes,from,and,French,France,he
.
第二课时一般过去时
一、巧记一般过去时:
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;be用was或用were,have,has变had;
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添;
疑问句也不难,did放在主语前;不含be动词时
如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;
动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。
含be动词时
疑问句也不难,要把was,were放在主语前。
be的一般过去时:
学习动词be的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,be的过去时有四巧:
一是时间状语巧,表示过去的短语要记牢;
二是形式巧,单数was,复数were;
三巧是否定句结构,not紧跟was/were;
四是疑问句式巧,was/were向前跑(提前)。
【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧
与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。
1.yesterday或以其构成的短语:
yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening)等;
2.由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语:
lastnight,lastyear(winter,month,week)等;
3.由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:
amomentago,ashorttimeago,anhourago等;
4.其它:
justnow等
5.由某些表示过去时态的从句等。
【二巧】形式巧。
它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:
当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单
数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。
例如:
Iwasintheclassroomyesterdaymorning.昨天早上我在教室里。
HewasatschoollastTuesday.上周二他在学校。
Theywereoverthereamomentago.刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构巧。
与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句,并且was,were与not可以缩写成wasn't,weren't。
即:
主语+wasn't/weren't+表语+其他。
例如:
Iwasnot(=wasn't)hereyesterday.昨天我不在这儿。
Myparentswerenot(=weren't)athomelastSunday.上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】疑问句式巧。
把was,were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。
即:
Was(Were)+主语+表语+其他?
这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。
例如:
Wereyouathomethedaybeforeyesterday﹖前天你在家吗?
Wasshelatethismorning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗?
疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes,主语+was/were.”;
否定回答用“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”。
例如:
—WereWeiHuaandHanMeiherejustnow﹖刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗?
—Yes,theywere.(No,theyweren't.)是的,她们在。
(不,她们不在。
)
一、单项选择:
从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
(10)
()1.Myfather______illyesterday.
A.isn'tB.aren'tC.wasn'tD.weren't
()2.______yourparentsathomelastweek﹖
A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were
()3.Thetwins______inDalianlastyear.They______herenow.
A.are;wereB.were;areC.was;areD.were;was
()4.______yourfatheratworktheday_____yesterday(前天)﹖
A.Was;beforeB.Is;beforeC.Was;afterD.Is;after
()5.—WhowasondutylastFriday﹖
—______.
A.IamB.IwasC.Yes,IwasD.No,Iwasn't
()6.Icleanedmyclassroom___________.
AwiththreehoursBthreehoursago
CinthreehoursDthreehoursbefore
()7.Icame_______myhousetwodaysago.
Abackon Bbackto CtobackDback
()8.___________?
Hedidsomereadingathome.
AWhatdoesyourfatherdoyesterdayevening
BWhatdoesyourbrotherdointheschool
CWhatdidyourbrotherdoovertheweekend
DWheredidyourbrothergolastSunday
()9.Whatdidyoudo________?
Iwenttothemovies.
AnextmorningBovertheweekendCintheweekendDnextMonday
()10.Thekoalasleeps_______,butgetsup_________.
Aduringtheday;attheeveningBatday;duringnight
Cintheday;duringtheevening Dduringtheday;atnight
二、请用正确动词形式填空。
(10)
1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.
2._____