中考宾语从句详解和练习题.doc
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宾语从句
一、宾语从句的定义:
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
Iknowhim.Iknowwhoheis.
主语谓语宾语主语谓语连词从句主语从句谓语
主句宾语从句
宾语:
位于谓语动词或者介词后:
Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?
Ithink(that)sheisbeautiful.Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?
宾语从句的概念:
从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词、形容词之后。
WeknowMrGreenteachesEnglish.Sheaskediftheseanswerswereright.
二、宾语从句分类:
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类:
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
that的省略:
e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.
注意:
当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。
eg.Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
if/whether“是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。
常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme表示疑问不确定意义的词之后;从句句意完整,不缺成分。
Iwanttoknowif(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus.
Askhimwhether(if)hecancome.Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.
Couldyoutellmewhether(if)MrLiliveshere?
只用whether的情况:
1.在引导主语从句、表语从句、引导同位语从句时:
主语从句:
Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.
表语从句:
Thequestioniswhetheritistrue.
(为了强调宾语部分,也可把从句提在主句前。
WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure.)
Thequestionwhetherhewillacceptitconfusesus.
2.用在动词不定式之前时(whethertodosth.):
Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.Idon’tknowwhethertogothereatonce.
3.当与ornot连用,或or提出两种选择时:
Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.
Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.
4.在介词或discuss后面:
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.
注意:
只能用if不能用whether的情况
1.引导条件状语从句Ifherunsfast,he’llgetthereontime.I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.
2.引导否定的宾语从句Tellmeifitisnotgoingtorain,please.
if/whether用法巧记:
两个“是否”并不难,一般情况可代换。
下列情况用whether,主表不定式or(not)。
作为讨论介词宾,此时if不可跟。
还有一点也得编,whether从句可提前。
引导条件表“如果”,再也不可用whether。
宾语从句若否定,whether一词不可用。
练习:
选择if/whether。
1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.
3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.
5.Idon’tknow_______togo.
三、宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:
主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分;即:
助动词不能放在主语前面。
例如:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
注:
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时,语序不变:
What’swrong?
What’sthematter?
What’shappening?
Whoisoverthere?
Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?
Canyoutellmewhoheis?
注意:
否定前移
若主句谓语动词为think,guess,imagine,suppose,believe等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式;其反意疑问句,疑问从句。
主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。
如:
我认为鸡不会游泳。
误:
IthinkTomcannotswim.正:
Idon’tthinkTomcanswim.
此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问句要看主句。
试比较:
Ithinkheiswrong,isn’the?
Hethinksheisright,doesn’the?
(1).Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?
A.isn’theB.isheC.doID.don’tI
(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?
A.doesn’theB.doesheC.issheD.isn’tshe
否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法:
我认为猜想有假不可信,提问宾从构反问。
从句若表否定意,否定词语要前移。
Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell,doesit?
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗?
Idon'tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday,willyou?
我认为你今天无法完成工作,是吗?
四、时态
1.主句用现在时或将来时,从句可用任何时态,根据实际情况而定。
Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.
Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.
2.如果主句是过去的时态(一般过去时,过去进行时),从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
Iknewwholivedthere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.
Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.
Hesaidthathehadseenthemovie.
3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时,仍用一般现在时。
Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.
Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.Mr.Litoldmethesunrisesintheeast.
练习:
1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)
2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)
3.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.
4.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)
5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)
宾语从句巧记法:
宾语从句要注意,时态引导词和语序。
1.时态问题
时态问题看主句,现在时态可随意。
过去时态用过去,
客观情况要注意,主过从现要切记。
2.引导词问题
引导词,并不难,主句含义最关键。
主表肯定意完整,that常用也可省。
主表疑问不确定,另类词,要使用。
从句句意若完整,if/whether不可省。
从句若是缺成分,特殊(疑)问词来过问。
3.语序问题
还有一项是语序,陈述语序要切记。
如何对它来判断,助动莫放主语前
重点:
1.从句中的语序为陈述语序;Doyouknowhowoldisshe?
(应改为:
…howoldsheis)
2.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。
Shedidn’ttellmewhenshewillcome.(应改为:
…whenshewouldcome)
3.转换:
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词+动词不定式替代,进行句型上的转换。
I’venoideawhatwe’regoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?
=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?
难点:
1.宾语从句中的It
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Ithinkitnousecrying.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
Ihateitwhentheyarewiththeirmouthsfulloffood.
PleaseseetoitthatthedoorisclosedDon'ttakeitforgrantedthatwehelpyou.
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.
(1).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.
A.itB.thisC.thatD.what
(2).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
2.宾语从句中的虚拟
1)suggest,order,insist,propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,sb.(should)do...
Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.
Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.
Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.
3.wish接虚拟
IwishIwereyou.IwishIhadn'tknownyou.IwishIcouldgoabroadoneday.
3)在句型"Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that...."中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
(should)+动词原形,如:
It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。
It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。
It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
巩固练习:
()1.Couldyoushowme________?
A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestation
C.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation
()2.Pleasetellme_______.
A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike
()3.Mysistertoldhim________.
A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrived
C.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive
()4.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis
()5.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?
A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebook
C.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina
()6.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.
A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgo
()7.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.
A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether
()8. Wedon'tknow______theydidit.
A.howB.whoC.whatD.which
()9.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontimetomorrow.
A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime
()10.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.
A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that
()11.---Becareful!
Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear___Isaid?
David?
---Yes,Mum
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.If
()12.Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.
A.whichB.whereC.ifD.That
()13.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.
A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchoose
C.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose
()14.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
()15.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
()16.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
()17.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which
()18.Idon’tthinkhewillcomehereontime,?
A.won’theB.willheC.doesheD.ishe
()19.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I’llletyouknow.
A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;comes
C.willcome;comesD.comes;will