上海市园南中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案.docx

上海市园南中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案.docx

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上海市园南中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案

2020年上海市园南中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及答案

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

Obesity（肥胖症）isbecomingaprobleminourbusysociety,andalmostoneinthreeAmericanadultsisnowconsideredtobeobese.Childrenobesityisalsoatanall-timehigh.

Obesitymeansbeingveryoverweight.Ifyouareobese,youhavetoomuchbodyfat.Ifyoueatmorefoodthanyourbodycanuse,thiswillmakeyouputonweight.Foodthatyourbodydoesnotneedwillbestoredasfatbyyourbody.

Thefollowingarethemajorfactorsthatincreasetheriskofobesity.

Whatyoueatplaysamajorroleinweightgain.Eatingalotoffastfoodsuchashamburgers,sweetdrinks,icecreamsandothersweetfoodcanincreasetheriskofbecomingobese.

Ifyoudonotdoenoughexercise,youwillputonweightasthefoodyoueatisnotbeingusedtomakeenergyforphysicalactivities.

Thechancesofyoubeingobesearegreaterifyourparentsareobese.

Therearemanypsychologicalfactorsthatcausepeopletoeattoomuch.Peoplewhoareworried,unhappyorboredwillofteneattomakethemselvesfeelbetter.Thisisknownascomforteating.

Ageisanotherfactor,asyoutend（趋于）tobelessactivewhenyougetolder.Whenyougetolder,youneedtoeatless,andifyoudonoteatless,youwillputonweight.Obesitycancausemanyhealthproblemssuchasheartproblems,highbloodpressureandmanyotherseriousmedicalconditions.

1.Theunderlinedsentenceinparagraph1meansthat____.

A.obesitydoesnotdoharmtohealth.

B.therearemoreobesechildrenthanbefore.

C.alltheAmericanchildrenareobese.

D.therearelessobesechildrenintheUSA.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereare____majorfactorsthatincreasetheriskofobesity.

A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six

3.Whatwillthewritermostprobablytalkaboutafterthelastparagraph?

A.Howtoavoidobesity.

B.HowtoliveinthebusyUSA.

C.Whatillnessesarecausedbyobesity.

D.Howdoctorstreatheartproblems.

B

Teenagersfromlow-incomefamiliesinparticulararemorelikelythantheirmiddle-classpeers（同龄人）todolesswellinschoolworkandtodropoutofschool.Studieshaveshown,however,thatapositiveattitudetowardsschoolworkandthesupportandencouragementfromtheirparentscanhelpat-riskyoungsterstoovercometheeconomicbarriersandlackofresourcestheyface.Mostoftheevidenceabouttheeffectsofparentalinvolvement（参与）comesfromresearchonmothers.Littleisknown,however,abouthowteenagersexperiencetheirfathers’warmthandthebeliefsandbehaviorthataremostaffectedbyit.

Thisnewstudyispartofalargeonefocusingonlow-incomefamiliesconductedinfourmiddleschoolsinthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Researchersasked183sixth-gradersabouthowoptimisticandmotivatedtheywereabouttheirschoolwork,andhowtheyexperiencedtheirfathers'warmth.Thestudents'mathsandlanguageartsgradeswerealsogained.Theresearchteamtookintoaccounttheinfluencethatmothershaveontheirchildren’swell-beingintheiranalyses.

Theirfindingsshowhowfatherscansupporttheirteenagersinwaysthatresultingreateroptimismandhigherachievementatschool.“Low-incomefathersaffecttheirteenagers’beliefsaboutthemselvesandtheirfuture,andthesebeliefsinfluencetheirachievementbyincreasingtheirdeterminationtocompleteschooltasks,“saysDr,Marie-Anne.

Thesepositiveeffectsextendtobothsonsanddaughters,althoughindifferentways.Experiencingtheirfathers’warmthfirstinfluencesdaughters’senseofoptimism,andthenspillsoverintotheirfeelingmoredeterminedandcertainabouttheiracademicabilities.Thisinturnleadstobettermathsgrades.Thereisamoredirectlinkbetweentheirfathers,loveandboys'beliefintheirabilitytosucceedinacademy.

4.Whatismorelikelytohappentoteenagersfromlow-incomefamilies?

A.Theywillbemoredeterminedtostruggle.

B.Theywillhavefewerhappythingstoshare.

C.Theywillfailintheirstudiesandquitschool.

D.Theywillreceivelesslovefromtheirparents.

5.Howisthenewresearchdifferentfromthepreviousones?

A.ItonlyresearchesfamiliesinthenorthofAmerica.

B.Itonlystudieslow-educationfamiliesintheworld.

C.Itcombinesquestionnairedataandstudents,grades.

D.Itmainlyfocusesontheeffectsoffathers'involvement.

6.Whatcanweknowaboutfathers'warmth?

A.Itislesseffectivethanthatofmothers.

B.Itaffectsgirlsandboysindifferentways.

C.Itmainlyappliestogirlsratherthanboys.

D.Ithasamoredirecteffectongirlsthanonboys.

7.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"spillsover"underlinedinthelastparagraph?

A.Spreads.B.Changes.C.Bursts.D.Checks.

C

We'veallhearditbefore：

tobesuccessful,getoutofbedearly.Afterall,AppleCEOTimCookgetsupat3：

45am,FiatCEOSergioMarchionneat3：

30amandRichardBransonat5：

45am﹣and,asweallknow,"theearlybird'scatchestheworm."

Butjustbecausesomesuccessfulpeoplewakeupearly,doesthatmeanit'satraitmostofthemshare？

Andiftheideaofhavingexercised,plannedyourday,eatenbreakfast,visualizedanddoneonetaskbefore8ammakesyouwanttorolloverandhitsnoozetillnextSaturday,areyoureallydoomedtoalesssuccessfullife？

Forabouthalfofus,thisisn'treallyanissue.It'sestimatedthatsome50%ofthepopulationisn'treallymorningorevening﹣oriented,butsomewhereinthemiddle.Roughlyoneinfourofus,though,tendmoretowardbright﹣eyedearlyrisers,andanotheroneinfourarenightowls.Forthem,theeffectscangobeyondfallingasleepinfrontoftheTVat10pmorbeingregularlylateforwork.

Numerousstudieshavefoundthatmorningpeoplearemoreself﹣directedandagreeable.Andcomparedtonightowls,theyplanforthefuturemoreandhaveabettersenseofwell﹣being.

Althoughmorningtypesmayachievemoreacademically,nightowlstendtoperformbetteronmeasuresofmemory,processingspeedandcognitive（认知）ability,evenwhentheyhavetoperformthosetasksinthemorning.Night﹣timepeoplearealsomoreopenandmorecreative.Andonestudyshowsthatnightowlsareashealthyandwiseasmorningtypes﹣andalittlebitwealthier.

StillthinkthemorningpeoplesoundmorelikeCEOmaterial？

Don'tsetyouralarmfor5amJustyet.Asitturnsout,overhauling（全面改革）yoursleeptimemaynothavemucheffect

"Ifpeoplearelefttotheirnaturallypreferredtime,theyfeelmuchbetter.Theysaythattheyaremuchmoreproductive.Thementalcapacitytheyhaveismuchbroader,"saysOxfordUniversitybiologistKatharinaWulff.Ontheotherhand,shesays,pushingpeopletoofaroutoftheirnaturalpreferencecanbeharmful.Whentheywakeearly,forexample,nightowlsarestillproducingmelatonin（褪黑素）."Thenyoudisruptitandpushthebodytobeinthedaytimemode.Thatcanhavelotsofnegativephysiologicalconsequence."Wulffsays,likeadifferentsensitivitytoinsulinandglucose（葡萄糖）whichcancauseweightgain.

8.Whatdoestheauthordointhefirstthreeparagraph？

A.raisingtheproblem→analyzingtheproblem→solvingtheproblem

B.leadinginthetopic→challengingaviewpoint→discussingaboutthetopic

C.presentingaviewpoint→providingsupportingproofs→makingaconclusion

D.introducingaviewpoint→raisingthequestion→presentingauthor'sviewpoint

9.Whatcanweknowfromthe4thand5thparagraph？

A.Morningtypestendtohavecleargoalsandbettermood.

B.Tobeatnight﹣timepeopleaskthemtodomathcalculationinthemorning.

C.Nightowlstendtosacrificetheirhealthfortheirwealth.

D.Neithernightowlsnormorningpersonsperformbetterthanthemiddleones.

10.WhichofthefollowingdoesKatharinaWulffsupport？

A.Don'tfallsleepinfrontoftheTV.

B.Avoidbeingregularlylateforwork.

C.Stopsettingyouralarmfor5am.

D.Betternotoverhaulyoursleeptime.

11.Whydoestheauthorwritethisarticle？

A.Toexplainwhysomepeoplearemoresuccessful.

B.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenearlyrisersandnightowls.

C.Toadvisepeopletogetupneithertooearlynortoolate.

D.ToargueagainstthisviewthattheCarlybirdcatchestheworm.

D

OnWorldOceansDay,whichfallsonJune8,theUSNationalGeographicSocietyannounceditwouldrecognizetheSouthernOceaninAntarctica,bringingtheglobaltotaltofive.

UnliketheArctic,Atlantic,IndianandPacificOceans—whicharedefinedbythecontinentsthatboundthem—theSouthernOceanisinsteadcharacterizedbytheAntarcticCircumpolarCurrent（南极洋流）.AccordingtotheNationalGeographic,theSouthernOceanincludesmostofthewaterssurroundingAntarcticaoutto60degreessouthlatitude（纬度）.

"EncircledbythepowerfullyswiftACC,itistheonlyoceantotouchthreeothersandtocompletelyembraceacontinentratherthanbeingembracedbythem,"SylviaEarle,amarinebiologistandoceanographer,toldtheDailyMail.

ThosefamiliarwiththeSouthernOceanknowit'sunlikeanyother."Anyonewhohasbeentherewillstruggletoexplainwhat'ssocharmingaboutit,butthey'llallagreethattheglaciersarebluer,theaircolder,themountainsmoreawfulandthelandscapesmorecaptivatingthananywhereelseyoucango,"SethSykora-Bodie,amarinescientistattheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,toldNationalGeographic.

NationalGeographichopestheirrevisedmapswillbringpublicawarenesstotheregion,therebyencouragingSouthernOceanconservation—butitssignificanceisbeyondthat.

"Wethinkit'sreallyimportantfromaneducationalstandpoint,aswellasfromamap-labelingstandpoint,tobringattentiontotheSouthernOceanasafifthocean,"AlexTait,NationalGeographicSocietygeographer,tol