英语四级真题卷三.docx

英语四级真题卷三.docx

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英语四级真题卷三

2014年6月英语四级真题卷三

Part ⅠWriting

1．有人建议将春节假期延长至正月十五；

　　2．也有人提出反对意见；

　　3．我的看法。

　　OnHolidayReform

SomepeopleareoftheopinionthatthespringfestivalholidayshouldlastuntiltheLanternFestival,atotalof15days.Theypointoutthatalongerholidaywouldmakeitpossibleformorepeopletoreturntotheirhometownstocelebratethefestivalwiththeirfamilies.Inaddition,inatimewhenmanyyoungpeopleareturningtoWesternholidays,weshouldbeemphasizingourChinesetraditionstostrengthenourculturaltieswitheachother.

Othersthinkthatthereisnoneedtoextendtheholiday.Theypointoutthattheyearisalreadyfullofnationalholidays;toextendtheSpringFestivalholidayto15dayswouldresultingreatfinanciallossforethewholecountry.Thereisnoreason,intheiropinion,whypeoplecannotworkwhilestillcelebratinguntiltheLanternFestival.

Inmyopinion,inthistimeofweakeningculturalandfamilyties,lengtheningtheSpringFestivalholidayto15dayswouldbewise.ThelongerholidaywouldgiveusChinesemoretimetorememberandenjoyourculturaltraditionsandstrengthenfamilyrelationships,andthusstrengthenourentirecountry.

PartII           ReadingComprehension

HateYourJob?

Here’sHowtoReshapeIt

　　Onceuponatime,ifyouhatedyourjob,youeitherquitorbityourlip.Thesedays,agroupofresearchersistrumpetingathirdoption:

shapeyourjobsoifsmorefruitfulthanfutile.

　　"Weoftengettrappedintothinkingaboutourjobasalistofthingstodoandalistofresponsibilities,"saysAmyWrzesniewski,anassociateprofessorattheYaleSchoolofManagement."Butwhatifyousetasidethatmind-set?

"Ifyoucouldadjustwhatyoudo,shesays,"whowouldyoustarttalkingto,whatothertaskswouldyoutakeon,andwhowouldyouworkwith?

"

　　Tomakelivelihoodsmorelively,WrzesniewskiandhercolleaguesJaneDuttonandJustinBerghavedevelopedamethodologytheycalljob-crafting.They’reworkingwithFortune500companies,smallerfirmsandbusinessschoolstochangethewayAmericansthinkaboutwork.Theideaistomakealljobs--evenmundane（平凡的）ones---moremeaningfulbyempoweringemployeestobrainstormandimplementsubtlebutsignificantworkplaceadjustments.

　　Step1:

RethinkYourJob--Creatively

　　"Thedefaultsomepeoplewakeuptoisdraggingthemselvestoworkandfacingalistofthingstheyhavetodo,"saysWrzesniewski.Sointhejob-craftingprocess,thefirststepistothinkaboutyourjobholistically.Youfirstanalyzehowmuch

　　time,energyandattentionyoudevotetoyourvarioustasks.Thenyoureflectonthatallocation（分配）.SeeI0perfectjobsfortherecession--andafter.

　　Take,forexample,amaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBees,whichmakespersonal-careproducts.Hewasinterestedinprocessengineering,thoughthatwasn’tpartofhisjobdescription.Toalterthescopeofhisday-to-dayactivities,thetechnicianaskedasupervisorifhecouldspendsometimestudyinganideahehadformakingthefirm’smanufacturingproceduresmoreenergy-efficient.Hisideasprovedhelpful,andnowprocessengineeringispartofthescopeofhiswork.

　　BarbaraFredrickson,authorofPositivityandaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapel

　　Hill,saysit’scrucialforpeopletopayattentiontotheirworkdayemotions."Doingso,"shesays,"willhelpyoudiscoverwhichaspectsofyourworkaremostlife-giving-andmostlife-draining."

　　Manyofusgetstuckinruts（惯例）.Berg,aPh.D.studentattheWhartonSchoolattheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhohelpeddevelopthejob-craftingmethodology,saysweallbenefitfromperiodicallyrethinkingwhatwedo."Eveninthemost

　　constrainingjobs,peoplehaveacertainamountofwiggleroom,"hesays."Smallchangescanhavearealimpactonlifeatwork."

　　Step2:

DiagramYourDay

　　Tolaythegroundworkforchange,job-craftingparticipantsassemblediagramsdetailingtheirworkdayactivities.Thefirstobjectiveistodevelopnewinsightsaboutwhatyouactuallydoatwork.Thenyoucandreamupfreshwaystointegratewhatthejob-craftingexercisecallsyour"strengths,motivesandpassions"intoyourdailyroutine.Youconverttasklistsintoflexiblebuildingblocks.Theendresultisan"after"diagramthatcanserveasamapforspecificchanges.

　　lnaLockau-Vogel,amanagementconsultantwhoparticipatedinarecentjob-craftingworkshop,saystheexercisehelpedheradjustherpriorities."Before,1wouldspendsomuchtimereactingtorequestsandfocusingonurgenttasksthatInever

　　hadtimetoaddresstherealimportantissues."Aspartofthejob-craftingprocess,shedecidedonastrategyfordelegatingandoutsourcing（外包）moreofheradministrativeresponsibilities.

　　Incontrasttobusinessbooksthatcounsel,managerstoinfluenceworkersthroughincentives,job-craftingfocusesonwhatemployeesthemselvescandotore-envisionandadjustwhattheydoeveryday.GiventhataccordingtotheBureauofLabor

　　Statistics,itnowtakestheaveragejobseekermorethansixmonthstofindanewposition,it’scrucialtomakethemostofthejobyou’vegot.

　　Step3:

IdentifyJobLovesandHates

　　Byreorienting（使适应）howyouthinkaboutyourjob,youfreeyourselfupfornewideasabouthowtorestructureyourworkdaytimeandenergy.TakeanITworkerwhohatesdealingwithtechnologicallyincompetentcallers.Hemightenjoy

　　teachingmorethancustomerservice.Byspendingmoretimeinstructingcolleagues--andtreatinghelp-linecallersascuriousstudentsoftech--thedisgruntledITpersoncanmakethemostofhis9-to-5position.

　　Dutton,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sRossSchoolofBusiness,saysshehasseenlocalauto-industryworkersbenefitfromthejob-craftingprocess."Theycomeinlookingworndown,butafterspendingtwohoursonthisexercise,theycomeawaythinkingaboutthreeorfourthingstheycandodifferently."

　　"Theystarttorecognizetheyhavemorecontrolovertheirworkthantheyrealized,"saysDutton,whoparmeredwithWrzesniewskiontheoriginaljob-craftingresearch.

　　Step4:

PutYourIdeasintoActionToconcludethejob-craftingprocess,participantslistspecificfollow-upsteps:

Manyplanaone-0n-onemeetingwithasupervisortoproposenewprojectideas.Othersconnectwithcolleaguestotalkabouttradingcertaintasks.Bergsaysaslongastheirgoalsaremet,manymanagersarehappytoletemployeesadjusthowtheywork.

　　Job-craftingisn’taboutrevenue,perse,butjuicingup（活跃）employeeengagementmayendupbeefingupthebottomline.Amidsalary,jobandbenefitcuts,moreandmoreworkersaredisgruntled.Surveysshowthatmorethan50%aren’thappy

　　withwhattheydo.Dutton,BergandWrzesniewskiarguethatemphasizingenjoymentcanboostefficiencybyloweringturnoverratesandjackingupproductivity.Job-craftingwon’tridyouofalousybossorasubparsalary,butitdoesoffersomeremediesforjobdissatisfaction.Ifyoucan’tditchorswitchajob,atleastmakeitmorelikable.

1.Alongtimeagowhenapersonhatedhis/herjob,whatwouldhe/shedo?

[A]Resignorbearit.

[B]Arguewiththeboss.

　[C]Doitwellorquit.

　[D]Complaineveryday.

2.WhatdoesAmyWrzesniewskithinkaboutjob?

　　[A]It’salistofthingstodo.

　　[B]Itcouldbeadjusted.

　　[C]It’salistofresponsibilities.

　　[D]It’sabouttalkingwithothers.

3.What’syourfirstthingtodointhejob-craftingprocess?

　　[A]Tothinkaboutyourjobwholly.

　　[B]Toanalyzeyourenergyandattention.

　　[C]Toanalyzehowmuchtimeyouspend.

　　[D]Tothinkaboutwhattodo.

4.TheideaofamaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBeesturnedouttobe

　　[A]partofhisjobdescription

　　[B]helpfulandenergy-efficient

　　[C]uselesstothesupervisor

　　[D]life-draining

5.What’sBerg’ssuggestionaboutwork?

　　[A]Togetstuckinruts.

　　[B]Topayattentiontotheemotions.

　　[C]Torethinkandmakesmallchanges.

　　[D]Totakethemostconstrainingjobs.

6.AccordingtoInaLockau-Vogel,what’sthebenefitfromjob-crafting?

　　[A]Ithelpsheruseheradministrativeresponsibilities.

　　[B]Ithelpsheradjusthertimetodowhatshewants.

　　[C]Ithelpshermakedecisionsaboutcompanystrategy.

　　[D]Ithelpshersetprioritiesproperly.

7.AccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics,what’sthesituationinjobmarket?

　　[A]Itisdifficulttofindajob.

　　[B]It’seasytofindanewposition.

　　[C]Job-craftinghelpsyoufindajob.

　　[D]Outsourcingjobsareveryhot.

8.Duttonhasseenthatlocalauto-industryworkersprofitfromthejob-craftingprocess

9.AccordingtoBerg,ifthejob-craftingprocessissuccessful,thesupervisorsarewillingtoletemployeesadjusthattodo.

10.Ifyoucan’tquityourjob,usingjob-craftingmayatleastoffersomeremediesforjobdissatisfaction

PartIIIListeningComprehension 

SectionA

11.[A]Atthedentist’s.

　　[B]Atagrocery.

　　[C]Atalawyer’s.

　　[D]Atapsychiatrist’s.

12.[A]Purchasesomeingredients.

　　[B]Givethemanarecipe.

　　[C]Writedownthedirectionstothesupermarket.

　　[D]Checktoseeifthestewisready.

13.[A]Shedoesn’tliketowatchbasketball.

　　[B]Shewouldlikethemantoaccompanyhertothegame.

　　[C]Shedoesn’thaveatelevision.

　　[D]She’llsellthemanherticket.

14.[A]Hefailedtofinishtheexperimentthatday.

　　[B]Hehasn’thadtimetodotheexperiment.

　　[C]Hedidonlypartoftheexperiment.

　　[D]Theexperimentturnedoutwell.

15.[A]Themanisafootballfan.

　　[B]Themanneedsthewoman’shelp.

　　[C]Themandidn’twatchTVlastnight.