中考英语重点单词短语用法归类.docx

中考英语重点单词短语用法归类.docx

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中考英语重点单词短语用法归类

重点单词、短语用法归类：

◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费

花费时间做某事：

Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime（in）doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.

某人花钱买某物：

sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.

※spend和pay主语都是人，cost主语是物。

※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?

Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.

Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.

It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.　

◆2.thanksfor　为…而感谢　　　　

⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.

thanksto多亏/由于

⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.

◆3.感叹句：

多么…what+名词

how+形容词/副词

⑴.______badweather！

⑵.⑵.______hardheworks！

⑶.______freshvegetables！

⑷.______cuteamonkeyitis！

◆4.因为、由于：

because（连词）+从句：

（表示原因）

becauseof（介词短语）+名词（短语）=thanksto

⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.

Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.

Hecan’tcome_____heisill.

Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.

※because和so不能同时连用.

◆5.来自：

befrom=comefrom

⑴Whereareyoufrom?

=Where______you____________?

⑵HeisfromTibet.=He____________Tibet.

◆6.Howoften对频率提问（多久一次）→回答用表示频率的副词或短语

Howlong对一段时间提问（多久）→回答用表示一段时间的状语

Howsoon对将来时间提问（多久）→回答用in+时间段

Howfar询问多长距离（多长）

⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?

-Fortenyears.

⑵-______doyougoshopping?

-Sometimes.

⑶-______willyourfathercomeback?

-Intwoyears.

⑷-_____doyouexercise?

-Onceaweek.

⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?

-Abouttenmiles.

⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?

-Twoweeks.

◆7.乘交通工具：

takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语

by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语

交通工具有：

train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…

⑴Hetakesabustobank.=Hegoestobankbybus.=Hegoestobankonabus.

⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.

※骑自行车、马或驴用ride：

rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkey

inone’scar

◆8.对不起：

Excuseme（劳驾，客套话）

Sorry（表示道歉）

⑴______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu?

⑵–Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?

-______.I’lldoitrightaway.

⑶-Don’teatinclass.-_____.MsClark.

⑷_____,isthisthewaytothestation?

◆9.声音：

sound（自然界各种声音）

noise（噪音）

voice（悦耳的声音：

嗓子）

⑴Lucyhasasweet______.⑵That______likeagoodidea.

⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.

◆10.looklike（外貌看起来像…）

belike（性格像…）

⑴Lily__________Lucy.Oh,theyaretwins.

⑵Tony____________amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.

◆11.take…to…带去

bring…to…带来

fetch没有方向性（强调来回）

⑴Tony.______theballhere.Please.

⑵Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.

⑶______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.

◆12.一些：

some用于肯定句

any用于否定句和疑问句

⑴I’dlike______milk.

⑵–Wouldyoulike______yogurt?

_Thanks.Idon’twant______.

※在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some.

◆13.多少：

Howmany修饰可数名词复数

Howmuch修饰不可数名词

⑴______juicedoyouwant?

⑵______applesdoyouwant?

⑶-______istheT-shirt?

–It’s30yuan.

※Howmuch可对价钱提问：

Howmucharethepotatoes?

◆14．看：

see强调看的结果

look（at）不及物动词，强调看的动作

watch观看：

比赛、电视、表演、电影

read读，朗读：

看书、看报、看信、看杂志

⑴Don’t______inbed.

⑵Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.

⑶Please______theblackboard.Everyone.

⑷I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.

※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.

OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie

◆15.stopdoingsth停止做某事→Pleasestoptalking.

stoptodosth停下来去做别的事

⑴Thegirlsoonstopped______（cry）.⑵Hewastiredandstopped______（have）arest.

◆16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：

△forget/remembertodosth（忘记/记得去做某事）→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.（没有做关灯的动作）Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.

forget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作：

△forget/rememberdoingsth（忘记/记得做过某事）→Heforgotturningoffthelight.（已做过关灯的动作）Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?

◆17.到达…reach+地点

getto+地点reach=getto

arrive+in+大地点

arrive+at+小地点

⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.

⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______（get）homeontime.

※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。

如：

gethomegetthere省略to

◆18.擅长，在…方面做得好：

begoodat=dowellin.

⑴Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She__________________chemistry.

⑵Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.

⑶LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily.butLily___________insingingthanLucy.

◆19.win（赢得）接agame、war、amatch、aprize

beat（打败、战胜）接运动员、球队、对手等。

⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?

⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.

◆20.借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入

lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出

keep延续性动词，与一段时间连用。

⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?

=Canyou______yourbike______me?

⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.

⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?

-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.

※类似用法的还有：

buy—haveputon—wearbecome—be

leave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beon

die—bedeadreturn—beback

①becomeHehas______adoctor.

Hehas______adoctorfor10years.

②beginThefilmhas______.

Thefilmhas_________fortenminutes.

◆21.能，会。

beableto

can

※情态动词后面都接动词原形。

⑴Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.

⑵Ican______（play）theguitar.⑶He______abletoplaychess.

◆22.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.

toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.

muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.

⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.

⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.

⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.

◆23.have/hasbeento去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.（现在不在北京）

have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.（现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中）

have/hasbeenin/at在某地

⑴Ihaveever_____________Americatwice.

⑵Hehas____________Beijingfortenyears.

⑶–Whereisyourbrother?

-He____________toHainan.

⑷_____youever____________Disneyland?

◆24.usedtodosth.过去常做某事→Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.

be（get）usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.

beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某事→Pensareusedforwriting.

⑴XiaoGang__________________afraidofthedark.

⑵Thebroomis____________cleantheroom.=Thebroomis____________cleaningtheroom.

⑶He__________________livingcountryside.Thereisfreshairandsweetwell.

⑷Wood_______________makingpaper.

◆25.belongto+名词/人称代词宾格（属于）

be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词（是）

⑴Itmust______Ning’s.=Itmust_________Ning.

⑵Thepencilmustbe______（my）.=Thepencilmustbelongto______（my）.

⑶Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.

◆26.can’t不可能0

表示推测、判断could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪

must肯定、一定100﹪

⑴TheCD_____belongtoTony.becausehelikeslisteningtomusic.

⑵Thenotebook______bemine.Ithasmynameonit.

⑶Thetoy______bemygrandpa.Afterall.Heisanoldman.

◆27.bemadefrom（由…制成）看不出原材料

bemadeof（由…制成）看得出原材料

⑴Thetable__________________wood.

⑵Paper__________________wood.

◆28.prefertodosth宁愿做某事

prefersth.tosth.喜欢…而不喜欢…

preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢做…而不喜欢做…

⑴Iprefer______（swim）to______（play）balls.⑵He_______fishtobeef.

⑶Ipreferto______（walk）towork.

◆29.一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词：

—ed修饰人

—ing修饰物

⑴Iwanttogosomewhere______（relaxing/relaxed）.

⑵Sheis______inthis______historystory.（interesting/interested）

※interesting（有趣的）—interested（感兴趣的）tiring（累人的）—tired（累的，疲倦的）

boring（令人无聊的）—bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的）—excited（激动的）

surprising（令人惊讶的）—surprised（惊讶的）

relaxing（令人放松的）—relaxed（放松的）

embarrassing（令人尴尬的；令人为难的）—embarrassed（尴尬的；为难的）

◆30.thenumberof+名词复数（…的数量）作主语，谓语用单数。

anumberof+名词复数（许多、一些）=many

⑴Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.

⑵______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.

◆31.for+一段时间

since+时间点/过去时的句子

⑴WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.

⑵Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold..

⑶Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.

※for和since可以相互转换。

如：

Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.

◆32.除…之外except（不包括在内）→EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.

besides（包括在内）→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.

⑴Weallpassedtheexam______LiYang.

⑵Manyotherstudentslikebasketball______GuoXiaojun.

◆33.already用于肯定句中（已经）

yet用于疑问句末（已经）

用于否定句末（还）

⑴Haveyouseenthefilm______?

⑵Ihaven’tlockedthedoor______.

⑶Momhas_______wateredtheflowers.

◆34.否定祈使句Don’t+v.

No+v.ing/n.

⑴Don’tsmokehere.=____________here.⑵Don’ttakephotos.=____________.

◆35.也too放肯定句末和疑问句末→Doyouplaysoccereveryday,too?

either放否定句末

also放肯定句中

※also放在实意动词前，be之后。

⑴Sheisagirl.Iamagirl.______.⑵He______likescollectingthings.

⑶Lilydoesn’tlikejunkfood.Hergoodfrienddoesn’tlikeit._______.

⑷-Ilikesoapoperas.–Ido,_____.

⑸-Ican’twatchTVonschoolnights.–Ican’t,_____.

◆36.bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格

bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格

MissZhang_______________herworkandshe_________