牛津译林版届高三英语江苏专用一轮复习学案 语法部分 第7讲 名词性从句.docx
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牛津译林版届高三英语江苏专用一轮复习学案语法部分第7讲名词性从句
第7讲名词性从句(要点透析)
一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语,相当于名词,故称为名词性从句。
名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。
它们有如下共同特点:
1.连接词基本相同,它们是:
从属连词that,whether,asif;连接代词what,who,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;连接副词where,when,why,how,wherever,whenever。
2.从属连词that本身无意义,在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用。
3.名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。
一、主语从句
1.由that(不充当句子成分,仅起引导作用)引导的主语从句,通常用it作形式主语。
(常见句型参见M7U1疑难句型)
2.几种常用的含主语从句句型:
It'ssaidthat…据说
It'swrittenthat…据记载
It'sreportedthat…据报道
It'swellknownthat…众所周知
It's(so)happenedthat…碰巧
It‘scertainthat…确信
【注意】当人作主语时,表语用sure或certain,但在句型Itiscertainthat…中,不可用sure替代certain。
【疑难点击】
1.由what,whatever,whoever等引导的主语从句,必须置于谓语动词之前,不能用it作形式主语。
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.
2.由which,when,where,whether等引导的主语从句,可置于谓语动词前,也可用it作形式主语。
但如果是疑问句,就只能用it作形式主语。
Whetherhe'llcomeornotmakesnodifference.=Itdoes'tmakeanydifferencewhetherhe'llcomeornot.
Hasn'titbeendecidedyetwhenandwherewe'llholdthesportsmeet?
二、宾语从句
it作形式宾语的常见句型
①主语+think/consider/find/feel/make+it+adj./n.+that-从句
Ireallyfinditapitythatyoudidn'tcometotheparty.
②主语+hate/dislike/love/like+it+when-从句表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶
Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfull.
③主语+appreciate+it+if-从句
Ireallyappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmewithmymath.
④主语+seetoit+that-从句 确保……
Youmustseetoitthatthedoorsarelockedbeforeyouleavethelab.
⑤主语+relyon/dependonit+that-从句 依靠……
Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometomeetyou.
【疑难点击】
1.及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)宾语从句时只有第一个连词that可以省略。
Hesaid(that)thetextwasimportantandthatweshouldreciteit.(第二个that不能省略)
2.某些表语形容词(如sure,certain,glad,surprised)之后也可带宾语从句。
Hewasafraidthatsomeonemightfindhim.
3.whether与if都可引导动词后的宾语从句,常可以互换。
但以下几种情况下,只能用whether:
(1)后面直接跟ornot时
Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.
(2)在介词之后
I'minterestedinwhetheryou'vefinishedthework.
(3)用if会引起歧义时
Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.
(如换成if则既可看作条件状语从句又可看作宾语从句)
其中几种只用whether的情况:
引导表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句时,引导主语从句置于句首时;后接动词不定式。
Whetherhe'llattendthemeetingisunknown.(让步状语)
Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.(接不定式)
三、表语从句
1.that引导表语从句无任何意义,也不充当任何句子成分,通常不省略。
Thefactisthatheislying.
2.whether引导表语从句(此时通常不可用if代替whether)。
Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.
3.常见的句型
Itlooksasif…好像……;仿佛……
Thisisbecause…这是因为……
Thereasonwhy…isthat………的原因是……
Thatiswhy…那是因为……
四、同位语从句
1.that引导的同位语从句
在下列名词可用that引导同位语从句:
answer,belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,knowledge,law,news,opinion,plan,story,suggestion,thought,truth等。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.
【注意】常见的同位语从句直接放在抽象名词之后,分隔式同位语从句是抽象名词和同位语从句之间出现谓语动词,以平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻。
Wordcamethatthebirdfluhaskilledmanypeople.
消息传来,禽流感已经导致许多人死亡。
2.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)同位语从句的引导词that不充当从句的任何成分,即同位语从句本身是意义完整的陈述句,that不可省略。
ThenewsthatYaoMingjoinedtheRocketreallyexcitedtheChinesebasketballfans.
2)定语从句的关系代词that代替先行词,在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
定语从句本身缺主语或宾语。
ThenewsthatIgotontheCCTVwasaboutYaoMing.(作定语从句中got的宾语,可省。
)
ThesportsnewsthatisaboutRocketoftenattractsmoreattention.(作定语从句的主语,不可省。
)
【疑难点击】
一、宾语从句中否定的转移和反意疑问句
1.宾语从句中的否定的转移
若主句的主语为第一人称单数,谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.
我认为这裙子不是很合你的身。
【疑难点击】
2.宾语从句中的反意疑问句
1)否定转移的宾语从句的反意疑问句反意部分跟从句的主谓保持一致。
Ithinkshewillcometothepartytomorrow,won'tshe?
Idon'tthinkshewillcometothepartytomorrow,willshe?
2)其他人称的宾语从句,反意部分跟主句的主谓保持一致。
Shedoesn'tthinkhersonisabletoswim,doesshe?
Shethoughtthatherfatherhadrecoveredfromcancer,didn'tshe?
二、where,what和疑问词+ever在名词性从句中的特殊意义和用法
1.where可表示抽象意义,“……的地方,……点”。
YouaresayingeveryoneshouldbeequalandthisiswhereIdisagree.
That'swhereyouaremistaken.
2.what引导名词性从句时,可视上下文理解为what=the+名词+that…,通常翻译成:
……的,也叫“的”字结构。
①what=thethingthat/anythingthat…
Whatyouneedtodoistowait.
②what=theplacethat…
Iliveinwhatusedtobeastoreroom.
③what=thetimethat…
I'llrememberwhatwespentinBeijingUniversity.
④what=thepersonthat…
Sheisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.
⑤what=thecountrythat…
Chinaisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago.
⑥what=thespeedthat…
Shedrivesatwhatseemsadangerousspeed.
⑦AistoBwhatCistoD.
Wingsaretobirdswhatsailsaretoships.
3.疑问词+-ever可引导名词性从句相当于anyonewho,anythingthat等,在从句中要充当一定的成分。
疑问词+-ever还可引导让步状语从句,相当于nomatter+疑问词。
Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.
=Anybodywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.
Parentsshouldn'tbuywhatevertheirchildrenwant.
=Parentsshouldn'tbuyanythingthattheirchildrenwant.
Therearemanybooksinourlibrary.Youcanborrowwhicheverbookyoulike.
=Therearemanybooksinourlibrary.Youcanborrowanybookthatyoulike.
Whereveryouare,youmustbehaveyourself.
=Nomatterwhereyouare,youmustbehaveyourself.
小结:
whoever/whatever/whichever既在主句中充当成分,又在从句中充当成分。
第7讲名词性从句(考点突破)
( )1.Inafamily,______reallyworksis______thereisonepersonwhounderstandsthefinancesandtakescareofit.(2011·江西吉安一中高三模拟)
A.that;whatB.what;that
C.it;thatD.as;that
( )2.Theygivemeapieceofadvice______thepassport______withmeatalltimes.(2010·福建泉州一中高中毕业班质量检查)
A.that;becarriedB.that;mustbecarried
C.which;shouldbecarriedD.which;iscarried
【解析】
1.B what引导主语从句,且充当主语;that引导表语从句,不充当句子成分。
2.A advice后跟的是that引导的同位语从句,且应用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
( )3.Thesoldierssoonreached______wasonceanoldtemple______thevillagersusedasaschool.(2011·宁夏银川二中高三月考)
A.which;whereB.what;which
C.where;whichD.what;where
( )4.After______seemedanhourorso,wewereabletoenterthepavilion.(2011·浙江嘉兴一中高三月考)
A.itB.when
C.whichD.what
【解析】
3.B what引导宾语从句,且充当主语;which引导定语从句,且充当use的宾语。
4.D what引导宾语从句,且在从句中充当主语。
( )5.Hisfamilymembersgavesomeexamplesof______hisdrinkingandsmokinghadaffectedthefamily.(2010·北京市重点中学考前预测)
A.thatB.what
C.howD.whether
( )6.—Susan,whatareyoutalkingabout?
—______Icanfinishwritingthereportontime.(2010·浙江舟山定海区高三模拟)
A.IfB.When
C.WhetherD.What
【解析】
5.C how引导宾语从句。
句意为:
他的家人举了一些例子说明他抽烟喝酒对家人造成的影响是怎样的。
6.C 介词后的宾语从句用whether引导,不用if来表示“是否”。
( )7.Cultureshockisafeeling______mosttravellersexperienceinaforeigncountry______theyfindthecultureisquitedifferentfromthatoftheirown.(2010·河北冀州中学高三仿真)
A.that;whichB.that;where
C.when;whereD.which;which
( )8.Actually,______workshardcanbe______theywanttobe,whetheritisapilot,anengineeroramanager.(2010·四川棠湖中学高三月考)
A.anyone;whoeverB.nomatterwho;whoever
C.whoever;whateverD.who;nomatterwho
【解析】
7.B 第一个空用that引导从句作feeling的同位语;第二空用where引导定语从句。
8.C 第一个空用whoever引导主语从句,相当于anyonewho;第二空用whatever引导表语从句,且充当第二个be的表语。
( )9.Thereisahighprobability______youwillfindaspirinandpenicillininanymedicinecupboardintheworld.(2010·北京市四中高三调研)
A.thatB.which
C.whatD.where
( )10.Heexpressedhishope______hewouldvisitChinaagainthenextyear,andthiswastheveryhope______heexpressedassoonashearrivedinthecountry.(2010·江苏建湖二中高三模拟)
A.that;thatB.which;which
C.that;whichD.which;that
【解析】
9.A that引导从句,作probability的同位语。
10.A 第一个空用that引导从句作hishope的同位语;第二空用that引导定语从句,又先行词前有thevery,故不能用which。
( )11.Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad,conflictissometimesuseful______itforcespeopletotesttherelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.(2010·江苏宿迁市高三下一模)
A.bywhichB.towhich
C.inthatD.sothat
( )12.Nowmyhometownisnotatall______atravelerwhovisitedittenyearsagocanexpect.(2010·江苏泰州/南通市高三三模)
A.thatB.what
C.whichD.where
【解析】
11.C inthat意为“因为”。
12.B what引导表语从句,且在从句中作expect的宾语。
( )13.—Iwonder______Mr.Blackchangedhismindtotakepartinthemovement.
—AfterhelistenedtothespeechbyMr.King.(2010·江苏南京一中高三下模拟)
A.whenwasitthatB.whenwasthatit
C.whenthatwasD.whenitwasthat
( )14.Annieoftentellsherclassmates______attheremoteschoolinthemountainareaandwhatshehasdonethereasavolunteer.(2010·江苏扬州市高三四模)
A.lifeishowharB.whathardlifeis
C.howhardlifeisD.howhardislife
【解析】
13.D when引导的是宾语从句,应用陈述句语序;同时该从句又是一个强调句。
14.C howhard引导宾语从句,要用陈述句语序;B项改为whatahardlifeitis就正确了。
( )15.—Howdidyoudealwiththeorder?
—Ihandeditto______Ithinkisinchargeofsales.(2010·江苏六合高级中学高三冲刺模拟)
A.whoB.when
C.whoeverD.whomever
( )16.—______IremindyouofistoreturnthebooktoourEnglishteacher.
—Iwillgiveittohim______Iseehim.(2010·江苏东台市时堰中学高三仿真模拟)
A.That;immediatelyB.What;themoment
C.What;whileD.Whether;once
【解析】
15.C whoever引导宾语从句,相当于anyonewho,分别为to和is提供宾语和主语。
16.B what引导主语从句,且在从句中充当of的宾语;themoment相当于assoonas。
( )17.______youmustdoistochooseascene______willbestshowyouractingtalent.(2010·江苏淮安市高三5月调研)
A.That;thatB.What;that
C.That;whereD.What;where
( )18.Isittrue______thenewdrugtakeseffect,thechildwithcancerwillhaveaslimchanceofsurvival?
(2010·江苏南师附中高三5月模拟)
A.whenB.that
C.wheneverD.thatwhen
【解析】
17.B what引导主语从句,且在从句中充当do的宾语;that引导定语从句,且在从句中充当主语。
18.D that引导主语从句,主语从句中又包含when引导的表语从句。
( )19.Pointingtothehouseon______roofgrewlotsofbush,theoldmantoldmethatwas______Iwouldstay.(2010·江苏南京一中高三模拟)
A.its;whatB.whose;what
C.whose;whereD.its;where
( )20.Tomymind,sheisthemostwonderfulteacherthatI'veeverknown,______isabletogetacrosstoherstudents_____