情态动词Word文件下载.docx
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2)表示很有把握的推断:
一定,准是。
只能用于肯定句
Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.
Theyhaveboughtanothercar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.
Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecomputer.
Theyareplayingbasketball,sotheymusthavefinishedtheirhomework.
他们在玩篮球,他们一定写完了作业。
musthavedone表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断
路是湿的。
昨天晚上一定下雨了。
Theroadiswet.It______________lastnight.
Rex肯定是已经忘了约会的事了。
______________________________
3)Must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏,非要‘。
Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughtermustgoanddotheopposite.
---Whowasthatgirl?
---Well,ifyoumustknow,hernameisMable.
2.can,could
1).能,有能力,会;
(过去式could)
Thepolicehaven’tfoundthecriminalbuttheyaredoingalltheycan.
Canyouswim?
Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.
Theknifecanalsobeusedasacanopener.
IcouldreadwhenIwasfour.
Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.
战争爆发前他成功地逃离了欧洲._______________________________
2)允许、可以;
ItoldhershecouldwatchTVtillbedtime.
Insoccer,youcan’ttouchtheballwithyourhands.
3)用于拜托,请求。
“能。
。
吗?
”“可以。
”
Excuseme,can/couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?
Iwonderifyoucouldhelpme.
4)有时会。
Itcangetprettycoldhereatnight.Hecanbeverytroublesomesometimes.
5)表示推测,只能用在否定句或疑问句中。
---CanthegirlovertherebeMary?
---Itcan’tbeher.Sheisillinhospital.
6).could(not)havedone对过去发生行为的可能性进行推测:
“可能…了”“不可能…了/来着”
Isawhimjustnowsohecouldn’thavegoneabroad.
Thedoorwaslocked.Shecouldn’thavebeenathome.
7)can/couldhavedone“本可以,本来能够…”
Youcouldhavehadabettermark.Butyouwasn’tcarefulenough.
Thelettercouldhavegotlostinthepost.
(NMET2008山东,24)Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe___itwithoutyou.
A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged
3.may表示询问或说明一件事可不可做;
表示某事有可能发生。
might是may的过去式;
用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1)-MayItakethisbookoutofthereading-room?
-No,youmustn'
t.(Yes,youmay.)
2)-MightImakeasuggestion?
-Yes,youmay.
1).可以
---MayIhavethecaronSunday?
---Yes,youmay.(No,you________.)
IaskedhimifImightleave.Youlooklovelyinthiscoat,ifImaysayso.
Youmaynowkissthebride.
2).May/might表示推测时,表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大
Theymaycomeheretomorrow.Theymaybestillwaitingforus.
Hemightbedoinghishomeworknow.
3).might/mayhavedone,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测,
他可能去医务室了。
Hemayhavegonetotheclinic.
Hemighthavereadaboutthenewsinthenewspaper.
4).用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
Mayyouhaveanicetrip!
Maythesunshinewarmuponyourfaceandthewindbealwaysatyourback.
5).Theymaywellwinbecausetheyarewellprepared.(很可能)
7).Sincewearejustsittinghere,wemay/mightaswellhaveadrink.倒不如…,还是…好
4.shall
1)在疑问句中,用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。
---ShallIplaceanorderwithyounow?
--No,youneedn’t.
Shallthevisitorturncomeinnow?
2)用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺等概念。
YoushallhavetheEnglishbookassoonasIfinishit.
Onceheisfoundguilty,everythingthatheownsshallbetakenawayfromhim.
3)用于条约,规定,规章等文件中,表示一种义务,多用于第三人称中。
“Theinterest___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall
Everyoneshallremainseateduntilthepapersarecollected.
5)It'
safineday.Let'
sgofishing,____?
A.won'
tweB.willweC.don'
tweD.shallwe
5.should
1)应该,应当
Youshouldlistentothedoctor'
sadvice.
2)should用于表达合理推断”应该。
Itisthreeo’clock;
thefootballgameshouldbeginnow.
Marytookdancinglessonsforyears,sheshouldbeanexcellentdancer.
Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.
3)should可表示“居然,竟然”
Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.
6.will,would
1)将,会
TheconferencewillbeheldinDecember.Hesaidhewouldgetheresoon.
2).愿意,想
Whowillhelpmeputthepapersaway?
Thelittlegirlwon’teatanything.
Willyouhavesomemoretea?
3).Accidentswillhappen.(总是)
4).Willyoutwostopfighting!
(气愤的命令)
5).Shewillkeeptalkingunlessyoutellhertoshutup.(令人厌烦的习惯)
(1)Don'
tsmokeinthemeetingroom,___you?
A.doyouB.willyouC.canyouD.couldyou
-Willyoucomewithme?
-Yes,Iwill.(Iamsorry,Ican'
t.)
(2)-Wouldyoutellussomethingaboutyourself?
-Yes,Iwill.
(3)-It'
smybirthdaytomorrow.Don'
tforgettocometomyparty.
-_____.A.Idon'
tB.Iwon'
tC.Ican'
tD.Ihaven'
7.dare
1)Hedarenottellthetruth.2)Hedoesn'
tdaretocomeoutatnight.
3)Idon'
tknowwhetherhe____try.A.dareB.daresC.wantsD.isallowed
8.need
1).作为情态动词:
2).作为实义动词:
需要
.主语是人need(todosomething;
tobedonebysomebody)
-Dotheyneedtotakeanybookswiththem?
-No,theydon'
tneedto.
-Needwebuyanynewequipment?
-No,weneedn'
t.
-ShallItellJohnaboutit?
-No,you___.I'
vetoldhimalready.
A.needn'
tB.wouldn'
tC.mustn'
tD.shouldn'
It'
safineday.You____takearaincoatwithyou.
A.can'
tB.mustn'
tC.needn'
tD.maynot
3)needn’thavedone“本不必做…”
Youneedn’thavetakenataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhouse.
Wedidn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.
[★★★]五、情态动词的解题例析
(1)认真审题,结合所给出的语境,正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。
(2)认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法,并结合语境推敲答案。
(3)要注意把握时间概念。
情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+havedone”这一结构;
对现在或将来的事情进行描述,用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。
★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★
以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题,具有很强的针对性
(1)must表示推测,意为“一定……”,只能用于肯定句中。
musthavedone意为:
一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。
例如:
—Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.
—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.
A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might
(2)should(not)/ought(not)to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示“某事应该或不应该发生”,语气比must或can’t/couldn’t稍弱。
例如:
—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?
Isitbeautiful?
—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.
A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must
②There_________beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.
A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
(3)can,could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;
can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,并不牵涉是否真的会发生,在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;
could用于肯定句中,语气比may/might更弱。
①You______behungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!
A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
②She______haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.
A.can’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t
③ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometime.
A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would
④Peter____bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.
A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must
(4)may(not)/might(not)表达一种不太把握的推测,意为“或许,可能”;
might的语气比may较婉转。
①Liza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling.
A.willB.canC.mustD.may
②Althoughthis____soundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.
A.mustB.mayC.shallD.should
③—Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.
—You__havelostitwhileshopping.
A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would
(二)表达虚拟语气的情态动词
对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,用情态动词+havedone这一结构,常用的有以下几个情态动词:
(1)should(not)/ought(not)tohavedone本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。
—I’msorry.I_________atyoutheotherday.
—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted
(2)couldhavedone本来能够做某事但未做。
Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.
(3)needn’thavedone本没有必要做某事但却做了。
要注意needn’tdo则表达“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。
①—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.
—Thanks.You________it.Icouldmanageitmyself.
A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone
②Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday,sowegotoworktomorrow.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t
(4)would(not)havedone本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。
常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwise,he________agoal.
A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored
(5)mighthavedone表示“本来可能……”,但实际上没有发生的事。
Whatapity!
Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he________better.
A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone
(三)表达“情感、态度、语气”等方面的情态动词
1.must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法:
(1)表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为“必须……,得……,要……”;
由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或haveto,否定回答要用needn’t或don’thaveto,意思是“不必”。
另外,must与haveto都可以表示“必须”这一含义。
must表示一种主观的需要,而haveto表示一种客观的需要,意思是“不得不”,其否定形式是don’haveto。
-Whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?
Somethingbig?
--Well,it______bebig--that'
snotimportant.
A.mustn'
tB.needn'
tC.can'
tD.won'
t
(2)must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是“不能,不许”。
WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches
A.wouldn'
tD.daren'
(3)must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏要,硬要、干嘛”。
①—MayIsmokehere?
—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.
A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must
②John,lookatthetime.___________youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?
A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need
2.should
(1)should应该,表示“责任和义务”。
Accordingtotheairtrafficrules,you___switchoffyourmobilephonebeforeboarding.
A.may