中考英语备考阅读理解猜测词义技巧练习.docx

中考英语备考阅读理解猜测词义技巧练习.docx

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中考英语备考阅读理解猜测词义技巧练习

中考阅读理解猜测词义技巧练习

猜测词义技巧练习

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日期：

重难点讲解

猜测词义的能力不光在考试时很重要，就连我们平时阅读英语文章时也很用得着哦。

就象我们在看中文的文章时，并不是一碰到生词就去查字典，而是根据语境去猜测生词的。

我们读英语文章时，也应养成这样的习惯和能力。

技巧训练：

要想提高猜测词义的能力，我们可从以下七个方法下意识地进行阅读。

1.根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义在be，becalled，call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。

例如：

（1）Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.

（2）Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.

你能猜出斜体部分单词的意思吗？

mosquito是“蚊子”，carpenter是“木匠”。

怎么样？

不难吧？

有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。

例如：

Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.不难猜出，zoologist就是“动物学家”的意思。

当看到文中的破折号“—”时，我们也应该留点神，因为它也可引出起解释说明作用

的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。

如：

SomeorganizationsofUnitedNationsprefertotakeonPolyglotsastheirworkers—thosewhocanunderstandaswellasspeakmanylanguages.

这里，Polyglot指的是“懂而且会说多种语言的人”。

你猜出来了吗？

2.根据对比关系猜测生词的词义　

在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。

根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。

如：

（1）ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

grubby是什么意思呢？

和clean相对，便是“肮脏的”了。

（2）Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings;hiswife,however,isverythrifty.和wastesalotofmoney相对比，thrifty就是“节俭的”意思。

3.通过因果关系猜测词义

because,since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连结表示结果的并列句的

连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连结结果状语从句的。

当这些信息词出现在有

生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义。

例如：

（1）Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

根据后边的原因，我们就可推测出trim就是“修剪”的意思。

right?

Ok,it’syourturn.看看你能否正确猜出下句中斜体词的意思。

（2）Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.

根据that引导的结果状语从句，可以猜出，turbid的意思是“浑浊的”。

你猜对了吗？

4.根据生活常识猜测词义

运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。

下面文字中斜体单词的词义你能猜出来吗？

（1）Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoods,andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.

（2）Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.

句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：

wings是“翅膀”；beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。

5.根据同等关系猜测词义

同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于

同一范畴。

明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。

例如：

（1）Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfullofenergy.

（2）Arepeoplebornintelligentorstupid?

你能根据同等关系猜出斜体词的意思吗？

从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的fullofenergy，可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。

从选择连词or“还是”以及与intelligent处于同等位置的stupid“愚蠢的”可以猜测intelligent是“聪明的”意思。

6.根据列举的事例猜测词义

如：

Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:

TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.

从后面列举的例子可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。

7.根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词

词义。

如：

ThecolorsofHawaiiinsummerareunforgettable.

根据构词法和我们已熟悉的词forget，我们可以知道unforgettable就是“令人难忘

的”意思。

【典型例题】猜测词义技巧练习：

根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义。

1.Johndrivestoofast,andheoftendrivesinthemiddleofthestreet.Hedoesn’twatchwhat

theothercarsaredoing.Heisarecklessdriver.

A.verycarefulB.verycarelessC.veryharmfulD.veryharmless

2.WhenGlenfinishedcollege，hecouldn’tfindajob.Thenhisluckchanged.Abig

engineeringcompanyhiredhim.

A.givehimajobB.paidhimC.toldhimtostopworkingD.toldhimabouthisfuture

3.Acomputerisacomplexmachine.Itisnotsimple.

A.simpleB.complicatedC.beautifulD.expensive

4.Childrenliketoplaywithwater.Afteritrains,theywillwalkineverypuddletheycanfind.

A.rainfallB.watersittinginthestreetC.snowD.asmallriver

5.Chickenpoxcanbeveryseriousforachildwhoisnotingoodhealth.Thechilddevelopsred

spots,andfeelshotanduncomfortable.Ahealthychildgetswellquickly.

A.akindofanimalB.akindoffoodC.akindofchildhooddiseaseD.alackofpurewater

6.Alishowedtheclassapictureofhim,hiswife,andtheirbaby.Pierre’sfamilyhaslivedintheeastofCanadafortwohundredyears.TheirancestorscamefromFrance.

A.familymembersfromalongtimeago.B.grandparentsandtheirgrandchildren.

C.parents,grandparentsandgreat-grandparents.D.familymembersalllivingatthesametime

7.SomeAfricanscarvebeautifulhumanandanimalfiguresoutofwood．Theyselltheir

carvingstostoresandmuseums．

A.drawB.beatC.heatD.cut

8.Whenanarmyofficergivesacommand,hismenandwomenmustfo1lowit.

A.commaB.orderC.questionD.present

9.Theoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtofly.

A.childrenB.ancestorsC.generationsD.mates

10.ThereisastackofpapersonMr.Green’sdesk.

A.pieceB.balanceC.mixtureD.pile

11.Icannotaffordanewcar.Ihavetobuyausedone.

A.haveenoughmoneytobuysomethingB.searchfor

C.gatherthenecessaryinformationD.useoneinanemergency

12.Thespeedlimitis60kilometersperhouronthisstreet.

A.fastB.slowC.anD.eventhough

13.Beforeyoubuysomething，checkthequalityfirst.Forexample,ifitischeap,itmightnotbegood.

A.howgooditisB.whatthecolorisC.whatthesizeisD.howbigitis

14.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake,soIcanmakeittoo.

A.adishB.directionsforcookingC.amealD.directionstoyourhouse

15.Water,oilandcoffeeareexamplesofaliquid.

A.somethingyoucandrinkB.somethingyoucanburnC.somethingyoucanpourD.somethingfromplants

16.TheweatherinXiamenishotandhumid.Adesertisdry.

A.wetB.dryC.coldD.windy

17.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithastocrawlonthefloor.

A.walkontwofeetB.flyC.sitinachairD.moveonthehandsandknees

18.CoffeeoriginallycamefromEthiopia.Nowmanytropicalcountriesgrowit.

A.nowB.inthefutureC.inthebeginningD.atpresent

19.Thescalpcoversthehead.Hairgrowsoutofit.

A.akindofhatB.thecolorofhairC.aclothovertheheadD.theskinonthehead

20.Itisamysterywhysomepeoplecanlearnlanguageveryeasilyandothershavegreatdifficulty.

A.somethingeasytounderstandB.somethingnooneunderstands

C.somethingbeautifulD.somethingterrible

21.DanishandNorwegianaresimilarlanguages.Ifyouspeakone,youcanunderstandthe

other.A.difficultB.almostthesameC.easyD.verydifferent

22.Thisisaglassofpuremilk.Thereisnothingbutmilkintheglass.

A.coldB.warmC.whiteD.100%

23.Mr.Brownisanamateurphotographer.Heisanengineer.Butinhisfreetimehelikesto

takepictures.A.asahobbyB.formoneyC.asajobD.aswork

24.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplastic.Itisnotarealtree.Itisartificial.

A.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayD.inanartmuseum

25.RonaldAmundsenwasagreatexplorer.HewasthefirstpersontoreachtheSouthPole.

A.apersonwhoworksininternationalbusinessandtravelsalotB.aplacethatisdifficulttofind

C.somethingthatanairplanecarriesD.apersonwholooksfornewplacesandinformationaboutthem

26.Somepeopleliketokeepajournal.Theywriteiniteveryday.Theywriteaboutwhatthey

did,whathappened,andwhattheythought.

A.amagazineaboutscientificresearchB.atextbook

C.asportsmagazineD.anotebookabouttheirdailyactivities

27.Farmersraisecattleforbeefandmilk.

A.pigsB.horsesC.sheepD.cows

28.Thedoctorgavemesomemedicine.Itwillcuremysickness.

A.makeworseB.makesickC.makebetterD.makelighter

29.Thekiwilaysthelargesteggsintheworld.Thestrangethingaboutthekiwiisthatitcannotfly.

A.akindoffishB.akindofcatC.akindofrockD.akindofbird

30.Whenthehurricanehitthecoast,itblewdownbuildingsandtrees.

A.thedryseasonB.ahugetruckC.highwaterD.apowerfulwindstorm

【模拟试题】

（一）

Awell-knownoldmanwasbeinginterviewed（采访）andwasaskedifitwascorrectthathehadjustcelebratedhisninety—ninthbirthday.

“That’sright.”saidtheoldman.“Ninety—nineyearsold,andIhaven’tanenemyintheworld.They’realldead.”

“Well,sir,”saidtheinterviewer,“Ihopeverymuchtohavethehonourofinterviewingyouonyourhundredthbirthday.”

Theoldmanlookedattheyoungmanclosely,andsaid,“Ican’tseewhyyoushouldn’t.Youlookfitandhealthytome!

”

1.Theoldmansaidhehadnotanenemyintheworld,whichshowsthathewasavery.

A.friendlymanhenevermadeanyenemiesB.healthymanhelivedlongerthanallhisenemies

C.luckymanhisenemieshadalldiedD.terriblemanhehadgotridofallhisenemies

2.Whentheinterviewersaidthathehopedverymuchtohavethehonourofinterviewingtheoldmanagainthefollowingyear,.

A.hewastryingtomaketheoldmanhappyB.hewishedhehimselfwouldliveanotheryear

C.hedidnotbelievetheoldmanwouldlivetobeonehundred

D.hedidnotbelievehewouldinterviewtheoldmanagain

3.Whentheoldmansaid“Ican’tseewhyyoushouldn’t”,whathemeantwas:

A.“Youmusttrytoliveanotheryeartointerviewmeagainnextyear.”

B.“Ofcourse,youcanseemeagainsinceyou’resofitandhealthy.”

C.“IfIlivetoahundredyears,youshouldinterviewmeagain.”

D.“Unlessyouliveanotheryear,youwouldn’tbeabletointerviewmeagain.”

4.Whatkindofmanwouldyousaytheoldmanwas?

A.Hewassilly.B.Hewasunpleasant.

C.Hewasveryproudandsureofhishealth.D.Hewasveryimpolitetoyoungpeople.

（二）

JoeandHelenMillshadtwosmallchildren.Onewassixandtheotherfour.Theyalwaysresistedgoingtobed,andHelenwasalwayscomplaining（抱怨）aboutthisandaskingJoeforhelp.Butashedidnotcomehomeuntilaftertheyhadgone,tobedduringtheweek,hewasunabletohelpexceptatweekends.

Joeconsideredhimselfagoodsinger,butreallyhisvoicewasnotatallmusical.However,hedecidedthat,ifhesangtothechildrenwhentheywenttobed,i