考研英语一真题 2文档格式.docx

考研英语一真题 2文档格式.docx

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veevermet.

Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesuswonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14，isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforlocations.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya（n）19question：

Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconclusive.

1。

[A]Suppose［B]Consider[C］Observe［D]Imagine

2.[A]tended［B]feared［C］happened[D］threatened

3。

[A］thinner[B］stabler[C］lighter［D］dimmer

4。

［A］tendency［B]advantage[C]inclination［D］priority

5.[A]insistson［B］sumsup［C]turnsout[D]putsforward

6。

[A］off［B]behind[C］over［D]along

7。

[A］incredible［B]spontaneous[C］inevitable［D］gradual

8。

[A]fight［B］doubt［C］stop［D]think

9。

［A]invisible［B]limited［C]indefinite［D］different

10.[A］upward［B]forward[C]afterward［D］backward

11。

［A］features[B］influences[C]results[D］costs

12。

［A]outside[B]on[C］by［D]across

13。

［A］deliver［B］carry［C］perform［D]apply

14。

［A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual［D]forinstance

15.［A]if[B］unless[C］as［D]lest

16.［A]moderate［B］overcome［C］determine[D]reach

17。

[A］at[B］for[C]after[D］with

18.[A］Aboveall[B]Afterall［C］However[D］Otherwise

19。

［A]fundamental［B］comprehensive［C］equivalent[D］hostile

20.［A]Byaccident［B]Intime[C］Sofar［D］Betterstill

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B，CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。

（40points）

Text1

Habitsareafunnything。

Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto—pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice，buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd，”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever—changing21stcentury，eventheword“habit"

carriesanegativeimplication。

Soitseemsparadoxicaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew，innovativetracks.

Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit，wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits.Infact，themorenewthingswetry—themorewestepoutsideourcomfortzone—themoreinherentlycreativewebecome，bothintheworkplaceandourpersonallives.

Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits；

oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothebrain，they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelypressintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder，”saysDawnaMarkova,authorofTheOpenMind.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’ 

”Sheadds，however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960discoveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways：

analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively.Attheendofadolescence，however，thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife。

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure，meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought。

“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,"

explainsM.J。

Ryan,authorofthe2006book“ThisYearIWill。

.。

"

andMs。

Markova'

sbusinesspartner.“That'

saliethatwehaveperpetuated，anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'

regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence。

”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin。

21.InWordsworth’sview,“habits”ischaracterizedbybeing

[A］casual.

[B]familiar.

[C］mechanical。

[D]changeable.

22。

Brainresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofnewhabitscanbe

[A]predicted。

［B]regulated。

［C］traced。

［D］guided.

23。

Theword“ruts"

（Paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningto

[A］tracks。

[B]series.

［C]characteristics。

[D］connections。

24.DawnaMarkovamostprobablyagreethat

[A］ideasarebornofarelaxingmind.

[B]innovativenesscouldbetaught.

[C］decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas.

[D]curiosityactivatescreativeminds.

25.Ryan’scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting

［A］preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed。

[B］nolongeremphasizescommonness.

［C]maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel。

[D]complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem。

Text2

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild，buttodayamancanboosthispaternal（fatherly）wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad。

Allheneedstodoisshellout＄30forapaternitytestingkit（PTK）athislocaldrugstore—andanother$120togettheresults。

Morethan60，000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFogg,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene，whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2,500。

Amongthemostpopular:

paternityandkinshiptesting，whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandfamiliescanusetotrackdownkidsputupforadoption.DNAtestingisalsothelatestrageamongpassionategenealogists—andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'

sgeographicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbyswabbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting。

AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA。

Butsomeobserversareskeptical.“Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"

saysTroyDuster，aNewYorkUniversitysociologist。

Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors—numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback。

Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA，whichispasseddownonlyfrommothers。

ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough，forexample，justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat—grandparentsor，fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great—grandparents。

Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon’trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemayhavealotofdatafromsomeregionsandnotothers,soaperson'

stestresultsmaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults。

Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation。

26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK’s

[A］easyavailability。

［B]flexibilityinpricing。

［C］successfulpromotion。

［D]popularitywithhouseholds.

27.PTKisusedto

[A］locateone’sbirthplace.

[B］promotegeneticresearch.

［C]identifyparent-childkinship.

［D］choosechildrenforadoption.

28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto

［A]tracedistantancestors。

[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines.

[C］fullyusegeneticinformation.

［D］achievetheclaimedaccuracy.

29。

Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis

[A]disorganizeddatacollection。

［B]overlappingdatabasebuilding。

［C］excessivesamplecomparison.

[D］lackofpatentevaluation。

30。

Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe

[A］ForsandAgainstsofDNATesting

[B］DNATestingandItsProblems

［C］DNATestingOutsidetheLab

[D]LiesBehindDNATesting