新剑桥商务英语高级习题答案.docx

新剑桥商务英语高级习题答案.docx

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新剑桥商务英语高级习题答案

EnglishforBusinessStudies

KeytoUnit01:

Thethreesectorsoftheeconomy

Thisunitcoversalotofbasicvocabularyconcerningdevelopedeconomiesmuchofitinanextractfromawell-knownBritishnovel.Italsodiscussestheevolutionoftheeconomyofmostoftheolderindustrializedcountries,withthedeclineofmanufacturingindustryanditsreplacementbyservices.ThereisanextractfromamagazineinterviewwithaneconomistandaninterviewwithaBritishMemberofParliamentonthisissue.

1aVocabularyp09

Identifythemostprominentfeaturesinthisphotograph,whichillustratesvariousimportantelementsoftheinfrastructureofamodernindustrializedcountry.

Thephotoclearlyshowsalargefactory（theUnileverfactoryinWarrington,England）inthecenter,withmorefactories,industrialunits,orwarehousesinthetopright-handcorner.Thelargefactoryseemstoincludesomeofficebuildings.Alsovisibleareagriculturalland（inthebackground;thelandintheforegrounddoesn’tappeartobecultivated）,ariver,arailwayandseveralroads,andhousing,perhapswithaschoolinthecenterofthehousingestatetopleft.

1bReadingp10

Whatisthekeypointthatthisextractismakingabouteconomies?

Thetextsuggeststhatmostpeopletakeforgrantedtheamazingcomplexityoftheeconomicinfrastructure.

1cComprehensionp11

1.Inlines4-7,Robynseesexamplesofallthree.Whatarethey?

Tinyfields（theprimarysector）,factories（thesecondarysector）,andrailways,motorways,shops,offices,andschools（thetertiarysector）.

2.Thelongsentencefromlines12-28listsalargenumberofoperationsbelongingtothedifferentsectorsoftheeconomy.Classifythe18activitiesfromthepassage

Primarysector:

diggingironore,miningcoal.

Secondarysector:

assembling,building,cuttingmetal,layingcables,millingmetal,smeltingiron,weldingmetal.

Tertiarysector:

advertisingproducts,calculatingprices,distributingaddedvalue,maintenance,marketingproducts,packagingproducts,pumpingoil,transportation.

3.Canyouthinkofthreeimportantactivitiestoaddtoeachlist（notnecessarilyinrelationtothekettle）?

Primarysector:

farming（agriculture）,fishingandforestry

Secondarysector:

manufacturing,transformingandprocessing

Tertiarysector:

financing,designing,retailing

2aReadingp12

1.Whydopeopleworryaboutthedeclineofmanufacturing?

Becausetheythinkitwillleadtounemployment.

2.Whichactivitiesareasimportantastheproductionofgoods?

Designinggoods,persuadingpeopletobuythem;artsandentertainment.

3.Shouldpeopleworryaboutthisstateofaffairs?

No,becauseitisanatural,progressiveandinevitabledevelopment.

2bListeningp13

ListentoashortinterviewwithDenisMacShane,aBritishMemberofParliamentfortheLaborParty.

DoesheholdthesameviewasJ.K.Galbraith?

DenisMacShanequiteclearlydisagreeswithGalbraith.

1.WhydoesMacShanethinkthatmanufacturinghasafuture?

Becausetherearemanynewproductsthathavetobeinventedtoservenewneeds.

2.WhydoesMacShanethinkthatmanufacturinghasafutureintheadvancedcountries?

Becausethesecountrieshaveproductiontechnologythatrequiresverylittlelaborinput.

3.Why,however,isthismanufacturingunlikelytosolvetheproblemofunemployment?

Preciselybecauseitrequiresverylittlelaborinput.

4.WhatdoesMacShanemeanby‘intheorythereshouldbenomoremanufacturing’inSwitzerland?

（Itisthistheorythatmakesmanypeoplearguethatmanufacturingmustmoveto‘less-developed’countries.）

Theconventionaltheoryisthatthemostimportantcostinmanufacturingislabor,andwagesandsalariesinSwitzerlandarethehighestintheworld.（Asisthecostofliving!

）

5.WhydoeshesayitissurprisingforaBritishcompanytobebuyingSwissgoods?

Becausethepoundsterlinghas,overtheyears,lostagreatdealofvalueagainstforeigncurrencies,especiallytheSwissfranc.

6.WhatisthereasonhegivesfortheUnitedStatesstillbeingtherichestnationintheworld?

Ithasasuccessfulmanufacturingeconomy,includingitscomputerandcar（automobile）industries.

7.Matchupthefollowingexpressionsanddefinitions:

1.toconvertitself.B/tochangefromonethingtoanother

2.toserveneedsD/tosatisfypeople’sdesiresorrequirements

3.LaborinputA/manualwork

4.tostumbleonE/todiscoversomethingbyaccident

5.tobedubiousC/tobeuncertain,disbelieving

2cWritingp13

SummarizebothGallbraith’sandMacShane’sargumentsinashortparagraphoffewerthen50words.

APOSSIBLESUMMARYGalbraithsaysthatmanufacturingindustrywillinevitablydeclineintheadvancedindustrialcountries,andbereplacedbydesign,advertising,entertainment,andsoon.MaShanesaysthatmanufacturingwillchange,andmakenewproductswithnewtechnology.

Newwordsinthisunit01

agriculture,business,company,consumer,economic,economy,employment,goods,industry,infrastructure,labour,manufacturing,primarysector,product,rawmaterials,secondarysector,tertiarysector,unemployment

Unit2Management

Managementisimportant.Thesuccessorfailureofbusinessorganizations,governmentinstitutionsandpublicsectorservices,voluntaryandnon-profitorganizations,sportsteams,andsoon,oftendependsonthequalityoftheirmanagement.Thisunitincludesadiscussionofthequalitiesrequiredbymanagers,adefinitionofmanagement,considerationoftheroleofthemeetingsinmanagement,acriticalviewofthemanagementofonelargeAmericanmultinationalcompany,andaninterviewwiththemanagerofaBritishdepartmentstore,whodiscusseshisjob.

Beforethediscussiononthequalitiesrequiredbymanagersandthedefinitionofmanagement,maybewecandiscussthecartoon.What’sthejoke?

WecanassumethatMr.Farvisrunsthiscompany（hisnameisonthedoor）.Whatcanwesayabouthismanagerialskills,orhisapparentlackofthem?

Discussinpairsfortwominuteswhatexactlymanagersdo,concerningorganizing,settingobjectives,allocatingtasksandresources,communicating,motivating,andsoon.

1aDiscussion

Whatismanagement?

Isitanartorascience?

Aninstinctorasetofskillsandtechniquesthatcanbetaught?

Managementisamixtureofinnatequalitiesandlearnableskillsandtechniques.

Whatdoyouthinkmakesagoodmanager?

Whichfourofthefollowingqualitiesdoyouthinkarethemostimportant?

Beingdecisive:

abletomakequickdecisions

Beingefficient:

doingthingsquickly,notleavingtasksunfinished,havingatidydesk,andsoon

Beingfriendlyandsociable

Beingabletocommunicatewithpeople-----

Beinglogical,rationalandanalytical

Beingabletomotivateandinspireandleadpeople-----

Beingauthoritative:

abletogiveorders

Beingcompetent:

knowingone’sjobperfectly,aswellastheworkofone’ssubordinates-----

Beingpersuasive:

abletoconvincepeopletodothings

Havinggoodideas-----

Arethereanyqualitiesthatyouthinkshouldbeaddedtothislist?

Whichofthesequalitiescanbeacquired?

Whichmustyoubebornwith?

Thereareclearlynodefinitiveanswersastowhichoftheseskillscanbeacquired.

1bReading

PeterDrucker,the（Austrian-born）Americanmanagementprofessorandconsultant,istheauthorofmanybooksaboutbusiness.ThistextsummarizessomeofPeterDrucker’sviewsonmanagement.Itparaphrasestheextendeddefinitionofmanagementhegivesinoneofhismanagementtextbooks.Asyoureadabouthisdescriptionoftheworkofamanager,decidewhetherthefivedifferentfunctionshementionsrequirethefourqualitiesyouselectedinyourdiscussion,orothersyoudidnotchoose.

Whatismanagement?

Drucker’sfirstpoint（settingobjectivesanddevelopingstrategies）presumablyrequiresqualitiesJ,H,EandA（notnecessarilyinthatorder）.Thesecondpoint（organizing）presumablyalsorequiresH,EandJ.Thethirdpoint（motivationandcommunication）embracesF,D,IandprobablyC.Thefourthpoint（measuringperformance）probablyrequiresHandE.Thefifthpoint（developingpeople）mightrequireH,F,DandJ.Butallthisisclearlyopentodiscussion.

1cVocabulary

Completethefollowingsentenceswiththesewords.

Achieved;boardofdirectors;communicate;innovations;manageable;performance;resources;setting;supervise

1.managershavetodecidehowbesttoallocatethehuman,physicalandcapitalresourcesavailabletothem.

2.Managers--logically–havetomakesurethatthejobsandtasksgiventotheirsubordinatesaremanageable.

3.Thereisnopointinsettingobjectivesifyoudon’tcommunicatethemtoyourstaff.

4.Managershavetosupervisetheirsubordinates,andtomeasure,andtrytoimprove,theirperformance.

5.Managershavetocheckwhetherobjectivesandtargetsarebeingachieved.

6.Atopmanagerwhoseperformanceisunsatisfactorycanbedismissedbythecompany’sboardofdirectors.

7.Topmanagersareresponsiblefortheinnovationsthatwillallowacompanytoadapttoachangingworld.

1dVocabulary

Thetextcontainsanumberofcommonverb-nounpartnerships（e.g.achieveobjectives,dealwithcrises,andsoon）.

Matchuptheseverbsandnounstomakecommoncollocations.

Allocateresources（orpeople）

Communicateinformation（ordecisions）

Developstrategies（orpeopleorsubordinates）

Makedecisions

Measureperformance

Motivatepeople

Performjobs

Setobjectives

Supervisesubordinates

2Meetings

‘Onecaneitherworkormeet.Onecannotdobothatthesametime.’

（PeterDrucker:

AnIntroductoryViewofManagement）

WhatdoyouthinkPeterDruckermeansbythiscomment?

Druckerobviouslybelievesthatworkislargelysomethingthatisdoneindividually,andthatmeetingsarenot‘work’,butmerel