Unit 1 The Green Banana(new)2PPT资料.pptx

Unit 1 The Green Banana(new)2PPT资料.pptx

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AdvancedEnglish,BookOneUnit4TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldByJohnScopes,QUESTIONSFORDISCUSSION,WhatdoyouknowaboutChristianity?

@#@WhatdoyouknowabouttheBible?

@#@WhatdoyouknowaboutAmericanreligion?

@#@（threeprinciplereligions）WhatdoyouknowaboutDarwinandhisOntheOriginofSpecies?

@#@WhatdoyouknowaboutUnitedStatesLaw/AmericanJudicialsystem?

@#@,Christianity,withanestimatednumberofadherentsthatrangesbetween1.5billionand2.1billion，splitintoaround34,000separatedenominationstheworldslargestreligionthepredominantreligioninEurope,theAmericas,thePhilippines,andSouthernAfrica,beliefinGodtheFather,JesusChristastheSonofGodandtheHolySpiritthedeath,descentintohell,resurrection,andascensionofChristtheholinessoftheChurchandthecommunionofsaintsChristssecondcoming,theDayofJudgementandsalvationofthefaithful.,TheoriginofChristianity（1stcentury）,Christianityoriginatedin1stcenturyPalestineJewishlifeandfaithADen3vyierars,onJmewesnlivtinginPalestinewereconqueredbyRomeSincethefailureofmanyuprisings,peopleplacedtheirhopesinreligionandlookforwardtotheemergenceofasavior,tosavethem.InAsiaMinor（小亚细亚）therewasasectwhichspreadedthatasavior“wastocome.Christianityisactuallycomingfromtheevolutionofthissect.,BecamethestatereligionofRome（391）,313,ConstantineIMagnus（君士坦丁大帝）decreedEdictumMediolanensium（米兰诏书）,whichannouncedChristianitybecameareligionallowedbyRome.,391,theRomanemperorTheodosiusI（狄奥多西一世）announcedthatChristianitywasthestatereligion.,ThesplitofChristianity（1054）,whyBecauseoftheDivisionoftheRomanEmpire（395）After395,theRomanempirewaspermanentlydividedintoEast（theByzantineEmpire）andWest.,Catholic（天主教）,Orthodox（东正教）,Orthodox（东正教）,ConstantinewasthecentreofOrthodox;@#@thehighestpowerbelongedtotheemperoroftheEastRomanEmpire.,Theemperorcouldappointanddeposethearchbishop,convenecouncils,approvethecouncilsdecisionsandexplainthedoctrine.,Catholic（天主教）,Curia（罗马教廷）wasthecentreofCatholic;@#@powerallconcentratedonthearchbishop.1096-1291,Catholiccarriedout8religiouswar（theCrusade十字军东征）underthecloakofsafeguardingChristianity,ThereformofChristianity（16thcentury）,In16thcentury,religiousreformstookplaceinGermany,Switzerland,NetherlandsandNorthernEurope;@#@Protestantism（新教）wascreated.MartinLuther（马丁.路德）andCalvin（加尔文）werethemostfamousleaders.,Protestantism（新教）,majorcountrieswhichbelieveinProtestantism（USA,UK,Germany,Canada）,ThedifferencefromOrthodoxandCatholic（varioussects,nouniformandstrictorganizations）,ModernChristianity,Catholic,Orthodox,Protestantism,Christianityhasthelargestnumberofdisciples,spreadthemostwidelyandinfluencedeepestofotherreligions.,Powerdistribution,FranceSpain,Portugal,Austria,Italy,Poland,Catholic,Powerdistribution,Britain,DenmarkSweden,ProtestantismNorwayFinland,PresentdayChristiandivisionsRomanCatholic:

@#@morethanonebillionOrthodoxEasternChurch:

@#@withover200millionadherentsProtestant:

@#@EstimatesofthetotalnumberofProtestantsareveryuncertain,partlybecauseofthedifficultyindeterminingwhichdenominationsshouldbeplacedinthesecategories.,TheRomanCatholicChurchaverystrictorganization,withPopeasitssupremeleader,andcardinal,archbishop,bishopandpriest（catholicfather）underhimsuccessively.Theseclergiesarenotallowedtogetmarriedalltheirlives.PeoplewhobelongtoRomanCatholicChurchhaveatraditionofgoingtochurchserviceseveryweek.,ForProtestants,thingsarenotsorigorous.TheycanworshipGodathome.Pastors,ministersandclergymencangetmarried.TheydonthaveasupremegoverningbodyastheRomanCatholicsdo.ForRomanCatholics,youcanonlytalktoGodbywayofachurch,confessingyoursinsintheconfessionaltoapriestwhograntsyouabsolutioninthenameofGod,buttheProtestantbelievetheycantalkdirectlytoGod.DenominationsofProtestantsareAnglican（英国国教）,Baptist（浸信会）,OrthodoxEasternChurchhasanotherdivinecreaturetoworship,theBlessedVirginMary.RomanCatholicandOrthodoxEasternmembersdrawcrossontheirchests,whileProtestantsdonot.,TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:

@#@theOldTestament旧约andtheNewTestament新约.TheOldTestamentisaboutGodandLawsofGod.TheNewTestamentisaboutthedoctrine（教义）ofJesusChrist.,TwopartsoftheBible,ThecontentofBible,History17Poetry5Prophets17,Evangeliarium4,OldTestamentNewTestament,TheOldTestament,TheHistoricalBooksBookofJoshua约书亚记BookofJudges士师记BooksofSamuel（IandII）撒母耳记BooksofKings（IandII）列王记BooksoftheChronicles历代记BookofEzra以斯拉书BookofNehemiah尼希米记,ThePoeticalBooksBookofJob约伯书BookofPsalms诗篇Proverbs箴言Ecclesiastes传道书SongofSolomon雅歌TheProphetsAmos阿摩司书Jeremiah耶利米书TheBookofDaniel但以理书,HowtheOldTestamentcameintobeing?

@#@,WhileinBabylon（巴比伦）inthe6thcenturyB.C.,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formedsynagogues（犹太教堂）topracticetheirreligion.AstheJewsvaluedtheirownheritageandlearning,someofthembegantoworkonHebrewslaws,sayingsandstoriesofthepast.Andthestudyofthesesacred（宗教的）writingsgrewtobeacommunalactivityfortheJewsinexile（流,WhentheJewswereatlastallowedtoreturntotheirhomelandafter70years,thereturneesstartedatoncetorebuildJerusalem（耶路撒冷）andthetemples.UnderthefamousscholarEzra（以斯拉）,theywrotedownthelawsofMosesinfivebookscalledTorahorPentateuchintheChristianBible.OtherwritingswereaddedlatertomaketheOldTestamentoftheBible.,ThePentateuch摩西五经,Theoldestandmostimportantofthe39booksoftheOldTestamentarethefivebooks,calledPentateuch.Genesis创世记,Exodus出埃及记,Leviticus利未记,Numbers民数记andDeuteronomy申命记.GenesisisareligiousaccountoftheoriginoftheHebrewpeople,includingtheoriginoftheworldandman,thecareerofIsaacandthelifeofJacobandhissonJoseph.,Somestories,TheFallofManAdamandEvelivedinperfecthappinessintheGardenofEden.Butatthetemptationoftheserpent（蛇）oneday,EvepickedthefruitfromtheforbiddentreeandshareditwithAdam.Immediatelyafterwards,theyweredrivenfromParadiseandwentforthintotheworld.,NoahsArk诺亚方舟Therewas,however,onegoodman,Noah,whostillrememberedGodandtriedtobeatpeacewithhisconscience.SoGodspoketoNoahaboutHisintentionandtoldhimtobuildanarktoprotecthimandhiskinsfromthewaters.NoahfollowedGodsinstruction.,TenCommandments十诫,（上帝在西,奈山上给摩西的十条戒律，是摩西律法的基础）ThefortyyearsinthewildernessinandaroundthegreatdesertmadetheHebrewstoughandstrong,weldingthemintoagreatnation.Whenthewanderingtribes（部落）leftthedesertandenteredthemountainousSinai（西奈山）,MosesclimbedtothetopofthemountaintoreceiveGodmessage,whichcametobeknownastheTenCommandments.,TheNewTestament（新约）,福音书（actsofJesus）,使徒行传（actsof,apostles）,使徒书信（letterstobelievers）,启示录（prediction,aboutend）,3.TheNewTestament,TowardstheendofthefourthcenturyfouraccountswereacceptedaspartoftheNewTestament,whichtellsthebeginningofChristianity.ThefouraccountswerebelievedtohavebeenwrittenbyMatthew,Mark,LukeandJohn.（马太、马可、路迦、约翰）Theytellofthebirth,teaching,deathandresurrectionofJesus.Thencome:

@#@theActsofApostles使徒行传,ahistoryoftheearlyChristianmovement;@#@theEpistles使徒书,orletterstothechurchgroupsaroundtheMediterranean（地中海）;@#@andlastlytheBookofRevelation启示录,avisionaryaccountofthefinaltriumphofGodspurpose.,Contents,BirthofJesusAccordingtoSt.Matthew马太福音1,JesuswasachildoftheHolyGhost.JesusisTemptedbytheDevilAccordingtoSt.Matthew4,JesuswasledupbytheSpiritintothewildernesstobetemptedbythedevilinordertoseewhetherJesus,TheSermonontheMountAccordingtoSt.Matthew5,Jesusinhissermon（讲道）onthemountblessedtentypesofpeople,tourgehisdisciplestolearnthefinequalitiesoftheprophetswhohadbeenpersecuted.TheLastSupper（最后的晚餐）AccordingtoSt.Matthew13,itwasjustbeforethePassover（逾越节）Feast,JesusknewthatthetimehadcomeforhimtoleavethisworldandgototheFather.Athislastsupperwithhisdisciples,heshowedwhowouldbetrayhimbygivingasoptoJudasIscariot.Thecrucifixion（十字架）AccordingtoSt.John约翰福音19,theJewshadJesuscrucified（钉在十字架上）becausehehadmadehimselftheSonofGod.,7DeadlySins,The7DeadlySins,alsoknownastheCapitalVicesorCardinalSins,isaclassificationofobjectionablevicesthathavebeenusedsinceearlyChristiantimestoeducateandinstructfollowersconcerningfallenhumanitystendencytosins.Thecurrentlyrecognizedversionofthelistisusuallygivenaswrath,greed,sloth,pride,lust,envy,andgluttony.,Wrath,alsoknownasrage,maybedescribedasinordinateanduncontrolledfeelingsofhatredandanger.Feelingsofangercanmanifestindifferentways,includingimpatience,revenge,andvigilantism.,Greed,Threeformsofgreed:

@#@anobsessivedesireforevermorematerialgoodsandtheattendantpowerafearfulneedtostoreupsurplusgoodsforavaguelydefinedtimeofwantadesireformoreearthlygoodsfortheirownsake,Sloth,Slothisakindofspirituallaziness.Itmeansnotmakingitaprioritytodowhatweshould,orchangewhatweshouldinourselves.Somepeoplemightcallitapathy,whichmeansalackoffeeling.,Pride,Inalmosteverylistpride,isconsideredtheoriginalandmostseriousofthesevendeadlysins,andthesourceoftheothers.Itisidentifiedasadesiretobemoreimportantorattractivethanothers,failingtoacknowledgethe,Lust,Lustisusuallythoughtofasexcessivethoughtsordesiresofasexualnature.Aristotlescriterionwasexcessiveloveofothers,whichthereforerenderedloveanddevotiontoGodassecondary.Tobefair,thereisonegoodthingaboutthesinofLust:

@#@itcannotpersistintoeternity.Inactuality,sinsofthefleshtendtoburnthemselves,Envy,First,greedislargelyassociatedwithmaterialgoods,whereasenvymayapplymoregenerally.Secondthosewhocommitthesinofenvyresentthatanotherpersonhassomethingtheyperceivethemselvesaslacking,andwishtheotherpersontobedeprivedofit.Envyispervertedbecauseitloveswhatotherpeoplepossess,ratherthanwhatisGood,BeautifulandTrue.,Gluttony,gluttonyistheover-indulgenceandover-consumptionofanythingtothepointofwaste.Dependingontheculture,itcanbeseenaseitheraviceorasignofstatus.Wherefoodisrelativelyscarce,beingabletoeatwellmightbesomethingtotakepridein.Itmaybeconsideredasignofself-controltoresistthetemptationtoover-indulge.,Threeformsofgluttony,Wantingmorepleasurefromsomethingthanitwasmadefo