18年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十七生态环保类.docx

18年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十七生态环保类.docx

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18年高考英语一轮复习考点通关练专题三阅读理解考点十七生态环保类

考点十七　生态环保类

A

限时7分

Thousandsofcitiesaroundtheglobeturnedoff

theirlightsforanhourtomark2014EarthHour,asymbolic

showofsupportfortheenvironmentorganizedbytheWorldWideFundforNature.

SincethemovementbeganinSydney,Australia,in2007,ithasspreadtomorethan7,000citiesacrossmorethan160countries.Singaporecontinuestoholdoneoftheworld'slargestlightsoffevents,drawingaround9,000peoplethisyeartoMarinaBaySands,acommercialcentertypicallyawashinelectricity.

Tomarktheevent,actorsAndrewGarfield,JamieFoxx,EmmaStoneandagroupofotherfamousstarsfromTheAmazingSpiderMan2moviewereintown.

OthericoniclandmarksthatfelldarkincludedthePetronasTwinTowersinKualaLumpur,Bangkok'sWatAruntemple,theEmpireStateBuildinginNewYork,theEiffelTowerinParis,SydneyOperaHouse,RedSquareinMoscow,theBird'sNestinBeijingandHongKongHarbor.

Asthemovementhasgrown,moreorganizationsandbusinesshavecommitted

toswitchingofftheirlightsinsupportof

effortstoreducetheirenvironmentalfootprint.InSingapore,atleast600organizationsandcompaniesagreedtoeitherswitchofftheirlightsorparticipate

inmovementstousefewerplasticbags,takeshortershowers,turnofftheirairconditioningunitsorswitchtoLEDlighting.

ThisyeartheWorldWideFundforNature,whichfirstlaunchedworldwideEarthHour,alsolaunchedEarthHourBlue,acrowdfundingplatformaimedatraisingmoneyforenvironmentalprojectsaroundtheglobe.OnMar.26,aprojecttostoptheillegalwildlifetradeinAsiabyprovidingassistancetowildliferangersbecamethefirstonetoreachitstargetof$20,000byrelyingcompletelyoncrowdfunding.

Thehourlongeventhaslittleifanyimpactonelectricityconsumption,butasanawarenessraisingeventithasregisteredsuccess.

InastatementtomarkSaturday'sevent,AndyRidley,CEOandcofounderofEarthHour,saidAsia'srapidlygrowingdigitalpresenceisanaddedbonusthathashelpedpowerourmovement.

篇章导读：

本文是一篇记叙文。

全球数千座城市响应了2014年的“地球一小时”EarthHour熄灯活动。

这是一项由世界自然基金会WorldWideFundforNature发起的象征性的环保运动。

许多名人和著名景点都响应了这项活动。

1．Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．2014EarthHourB．SaveOurEarth

C．LightsoffEventD．EarthHourBlue

答案　A　标题判断题。

根据第一段内容可知，全球数千座城市响应了2014年的“地球一小时”熄灯活动。

在下文中也是围绕这一主题展开。

故选A。

2．Wecaninferfromthereportthat________.

A．AustraliaandSingaporewerethefirsttwocountriestolaunchEarthHour

B．morethan7,000citiesfrom160countriestookpartin2014EarthHour

C．somefamousmoviestarsfromTheAmazingSpiderMan2wereinvitedtoSingaporetocelebratetheevent

D．theWorldWideFundforNaturefirstorganizedEarthHourworldwide

答案　D　推理判断题。

根据第一段中“...organizedbytheWorldWideFundforNature.”以及倒数第三段第一句中“ThisyeartheWorldWideFundforNature,whichfirstlaunchedworldwideEarthHour，...”可推断，世界自然基金会最先组织了世界范围的“地球一小时”熄灯活动。

故选D。

3．Howmanydifferentspecificplacesarementionedinthetexttohaveparticipatedin2014EarthHouracrosstheworld?

A．7.B．8.

C．9.D．10.

答案　C　细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句中提到的MarinaBaySands，以及第四段中提到的“PetronasTwinTowersinKualaLumpur,Bangkok'sWatAruntemple,theEmpireStateBuildinginNewYork,theEiffelTowerinParis,SydneyOperaHouse,RedSquareinMoscow,theBird'sNestinBeijingandHongKongHarbor”可知，一共提到九个地点。

故选C。

4．Basedonthereport,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?

A．MarinaBaySandsisacommercialcenterlocatedinSingapore.

B．EarthHourBlueisaplatformintendedtocollectmoneyforenvironmentalprojectsaroundtheglobe.

C．AndyRidleyisthechiefexecutiveofficerofEarthHourandoneofitsfounders.

D．LEDlightingisanenergysavingdevicewhichdoesn'tuseelectricity.

答案　D　推理判断题。

根据第五段内容可知，越来越多的组织和企业通过熄灯来支持环保行动。

在新加坡，至少有600个组织和企业同意关闭灯光，或参加减少塑料袋使用、缩短沐浴时间、关掉空调设备及改用LED（发光二极管）灯等活动。

由此处并结合常识可推断，LEDlighting是一种节能设备，但并不是不用电。

故选D。

1．symbolicadj.象征的

2．commitvi.保证；承诺

3．participatevi.参加

1．turnoff关闭　　　　　2.insupportof支持

原文：

InSingapore,atleast600organizationsandcompaniesagreedtoeitherswitchofftheirlightsorparticipateinmovementstousefewerplasticbags,takeshortershowers,turnofftheirairconditioningunitsorswitchtoLEDlighting.（含并列的动词不定式的简单句）

译文：

在新加坡，至少600个组织和企业同意要么关掉灯，要么参加各种运动，比如：

尽量少用塑料袋，缩短淋浴时间，关掉空调设备或者换成LED照明。

仿写：

I_want_to_call_on_my_teacher_and_ask_him_some_questions.

我想去拜访我的老师并问他几个问题。

B

限时7分

Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Forexample,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoff

byfactories.Wastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuously

intorivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishcarelesslydisposed.

Therearedifferentkindsofpollutants,whichcomefromdifferentsources.Itisnecessarytoidentify

thesourcesofpollution,inordertomakeapolicytoeliminatethem.

Differentproducts,processesandactivitiesofourindustrializedworldtogetherformthemajorsourcesofpollution.Theformsofpollutioncanbemainlydividedintothreekinds—solid,liquidandgas.

Thepollutionhasgreatlydamagedourplanetandcontinuestodoso.Infact,pollutionisthreateningourexistence.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestruction

ofenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposedagreatthreattoman'sexistence.

Wemustfacethesituationthatexistsandtakeactiontosolve

ourenvironmentalproblems.Forinstance,newlawsmustbepassedtostrictlycontrolindustrialpollution,andthepublicmustreceivetheeducationaboutthedangerofpollutionandsoon.

Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandourlatergenerations.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththesesituationsbythegovernment.Lawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution.Ihopetheproblemswillbesolvedinthenearfutureandourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter.

篇章导读：

本文是说明文。

全文讲述的是日益严重的环境问题及人们采取的应对措施。

5．HowmanyexamplesofenvironmentalproblemsaregiveninParagraph1?

A．2.B．3.

C．4.D．5.

答案　C　细节理解题。

根据第一段的Forexample后面的内容可知，一共是4个例子：

汽车排放尾气、工厂排放有毒气体、污水不断被排入河流以及随意丢弃的垃圾。

故选C。

6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A．Inalltherearethreekindsofpollution.

B．Ifpeoplecontinuetopolluteourplanet,therewillbenotrees.

C．Industrialpollutionhasbeencompletelycontrolled.

D．Lawshavebeenpassedtostoppollutionandprotectourenvironment.

答案　D　细节理解题。

根据最后一段倒数第二句“Lawshavebeenpassedtostoppollution.”可知，D项正确。

由第三段中最后一句中的mainly可知，A项表述有误；B、C两项是典型的以偏概全，应排除。

7．Thewriter'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheearthis________.

A．objectiveB．negative

C．positiveD．neutral

答案　C　观点态度题。

根据最后一段最后一句中的“ourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter”可知，作者对地球的未来还是乐观的。

1．continuouslyadv.连续不断地

2．identifyvt.识别；确认

3．destructionn.破坏；毁灭

1．giveoff发出（光）等

2．takeactiontodosth.采取行动做某事

原文：

Massivedestructionofenvironmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposedagreatthreattoman'sexistence.（and连接并列谓语）

译文：

对环境的巨大破坏已经带来了消极的影响并且甚至对人类的生存造成了威胁。

仿写：

Shefeltill.She_went_to_work,_however,and_tried_to_concentrate.

她病了。

然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精力工作。

C

限时8分

About5,000childrendieeachdaybecauseofpreventablediseasessuchascholeraanddysentery（痢疾）,whichspreadwhenpeopleuseuncleanwaterfordrinkingorcooking.Alackofwaterforpersonalhealthleadsto

thespreadoftotallypreventablediseasesliketrachoma,whichhasblindedsomesixmillionpeople.

Watertroublesalsotrapmanylowincomefamiliesinacycleofpovertyandpooreducationandthepoorestsuffermostfrom

lackofaccesstowater.Peoplewhospendmuchoftheirtimeonillhealth,caringforsickchildren,orcollectingwateratadistanceaveraging3.75milesadaydon'thaveeducationalandeconomicchancestobettertheirlives.

Agricultureiscalledthelion'sshareoffreshwaterworldwide,usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent.Waterareashavenopoliticalbordersandnationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosharecommonresources,sowatercanbeafrequent

sourceofinternationalproblemsaswell.

Daybydaydemand

keepsgrowing,furtherneedingwatersources,fromgreatriverstogroundwater.“We'regoingdeeperintodebtonourgroundwateruse，”Postelsaid,“andthathasgreateffectsonglobalwatersafety.Therateofgroundwaterusehasdoubledsince1960.”

SomeofEarth'sgroundwaterisfossilwatercreatedwhenEarth'sclimatewasfardifferent.Todaysuchwaterisaslimitedaspetrol.“Butwe'repumpingmuchofthemoutfasterthanever，”Postelexplained.“Man'sgrowingthirstalsocausesamajorproblemaboutwaterandourecosystems.Andthatalsocreatesacosttous,tooursonsandtoourgrandsons,notjusttonature.”

8．Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?

A．Watershortagehasbeenamostseriouschallenge.

B．Somanychildrendieofpollutedwatereveryday.

C．Diseasesshouldbeproperlycontrolledandtreated.

D．Wastingwaterleadstotheunrestoftheworld.

答案　A　主旨大意题。

本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的灾难，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个重大的挑战。

9．Whyisagriculturecalledthelion'sshareoffreshwater?

A．Becauseagricultureismuchstrongerthanindustry.

B．Becausemorepeopleliveontheagriculturalproduce.

C．Becauseagricultureusesabouttwothirdsoffreshwater.

D．Becausenationsdon'talwaysworktogethertosavewater.

答案　C　细节理解题。

依据文中第三段第一句的“usingsome70percent,andindustrialuseneedsanother22percent”可知，世界上的淡水大约有三分之二的量被农业生产耗用。

10．AccordingtowhatPostelsaidwecanknow________.

A．groundwaterisrichforustouse

B．thereisnoneedtodigdeepforground