英国文学史笔记Word文件下载.docx

英国文学史笔记Word文件下载.docx

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C.alliterationinversificationD.anoraltradition

E.thenarrator—aminstrelF.itsdigressivemannerofnarration

G.anelevatedtone

II.MedievalLiterature:

ABriefIntroduction

Theyearof1066:

thebeginningoftheMiddleEnglishorAnglo-NormanPeriod

TheNormans’conquest

The3chiefeffectsoftheconquest

a.thebringingofRomancivilizationtoEngland

b.thegrowthofnationality—thestrongcentralizedgovernment

c.thenewlanguageandliterature

1、Someoccurrencesofhistoricmagnitude

A.theestablishmentofthefeudalsystem

B.the1381PeasantUprising

C.thecompletionoftheDomesdayBook

D.theLaunchingoftheCrusades

E.thesigningoftheMagnaCarter

F.thewarwithFranceortheHundredYears’War

A.romance:

a.themeb.stylec.representativework

B.ballad：

4.Twopersonsinliteraryscene

A.JohnWycliffe（1320-1384）:

ascholarhiscontribution:

thetranslationoftheBiblefromthesonorousLatinVulgateVersionintoMiddleEnglish

B.WilliamLangland（1332-theendof14thcentury）:

areformer

hiscontribution:

apoemtoattackevilinbothChurchandstate

I.GeoffreyChaucer--TheCanterburyTales

“ThefatherofEnglishpoetry”;

oneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEngland

II.ThePre-ElizabethanPeriod:

From1400to1557;

Someeventsofgreatmagnitude

A.theReformation

B.theRenaissance：

thebeautyofthehumanform;

theimportanceofhumanlifeandhumanvalues;

toliveforhisownsake;

ThomasMore（1478-1535）：

thewisestandnoblestperson；

firstandforemostahumanistatheart；

hisfamouswork—Utopia

TheElizabethanAge（1558-1625）

III.Threesub-periodsintheElizabethanage

Thefirstsub-periodstretchesover2decades:

BeginningwiththeprintingofTottel’sMiscellany（1557）,concludingwiththe

publicationofEdmundSpenser’sTheShepheardsCalendar（1579）

Thesecondsub-periodcoverssometwodecades:

from1580through1599;

aperiodofintenseliteraryactivityinwhichthegreatestElizabethanwritersmadetheirpresencefelt

Thethirdsub-periodspansoversomethreedecades:

from1599to1625

theliteraryoutcomesofthissub-periodweretremendous

IV.TheLiteratureintheElizabethanAge

1.Englishpoetry:

Sonnet:

atypeofpoemcontaining14lines,eachof10syllablesandiniambicpentameter,in3principalrhymingpatterns.

thefirstpattern:

Itisdividedstructurallyintoanoctave（first8lines）,rhymed“abba,abba”,

andasestet（last6lines）,typicallyrhymed“cdecde”orsomevariantthereof.

thesecondpattern:

Itisstructurallyinto3quatrainsandacouplet,rhymed“ababcdcdefefgg”.

thethirdpattern:

Itishardertowriteandricherinrhyme“ababbcbccdcdee”.

Blankverse:

versewritteninrhymelessiambicpentameteroralineof10syllablesin5iambs,arhythmicunitof2syllableswithunstressedfollowedbythestressedsyllables.

e.g.:

Isawthreeshipscomesailingby.

A.ThomasWyatt（1503-1542）

a.oneofthemaincontributorstoTottel’sMiscellany

b.introducedthesonnetintoEngland

B.EarlofSurrey（1517-1547）

a.anothercontributortoTottel’sMiscellany

b.broughttheblankverseintoEnglishpoetry

C.EdmundSpenser（1552-1599）

firstwork:

TheshepheardsCalendarmasterpiece:

TheFaerieQueene

theSpenserianstanza斯宾塞诗体isapopularstanzaicformfordreamyandmeditativeworks.Itisa9-linestanzaof8linesiniambicpentameterplusaniambichexameter（6-footline）.Therhymeschemeis“ababbcbcc”.

2.Englishdrama:

ChristopherMarlowe（1564-1593）thegreatestplaywrightbeforetheriseofShakespeare;

thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）

a.thegreatestofallEnglishauthors

b.oneofthefirstfoundersofrealism

c.amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelations

d.hisproductionsof37plays,2narrativepoemsand154sonnets

Shakespeare’splays

Threemajorperiods

A.thefirstperiod（1590-1600）:

theperiodofhistoricalplaysandcomedies（22intotal）

9historicalplays:

KingHenryVI（PartI,IIandIII）（1590-1591）《亨利六世》（上、中、下）

TheLifeandDeathofKingRichardIII（1592）《查理三世》

TheLifeandDeathofRichardII（1595）《查理二世》

TheLifeandDeathofKingJohn（1596）《约翰王》

KingHenryIV（PartIandII）（1597）《亨利四世》

TheLifeofKingHenryV（1598）《亨利五世》

10comedies:

TheComedyofErrors（1592）《错误的戏剧》

TheTamingoftheShrew（1593）《驯悍记》

TheTwoGentlemenofVerona（1594）《维洛那二绅士》

Love’sLabor’Lost（1594）《爱的徒劳》

AMidsummerNight’sDream（1595）《仲夏夜之梦》

TheMerchantofVenice（1596）《威尼斯商人》

MuchAdoAboutNothing（1598）《无事生非》

TheMerryWivesofWindsor（1598）《温莎的风流娘儿们》

AsYouLikeIt（1599）《皆大欢喜》

TwelfthNightorWhatYouWill（1600）《第十二夜》

3tragedies

TitusAndronicus（1593）《泰特斯·

安德洛尼克斯》

RomeoandJuliet（1594）《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

TheLifeandDeathofJuliusCaesar（1599）《裘力斯·

凯撒》

b.thethemeofhistoricalplays:

Tostresstheimportancetobuildupanefficientandcentralizedstate

c.thefeatureofromanticcomedies:

Loveisthecentralmotiveofactionwhichleadstoahappyending.

B.thesecondperiod（1601-1608）:

theperiodoftragedies（11intotal）

7tragedies

Hamlet,PrinceofDenmark（1601）《哈姆雷特》

Othello,theMooreofVenice（1604）《奥赛罗》

KingLear（1605）《李尔王》

TheTragedyofMacbeth（1605）《麦克白》

AntonyandCleopatra（1606）《安东尼与克里奥佩特拉》

TheTragedyofCoriolanus（1607）《科利奥兰纳斯》

TimonofAthens（1607）《雅典的泰门》

4comedies

TroilusandCressida（1602）《特罗伊罗斯与克瑞西达》

All’sWellThatEndsWell（1602）《终成眷属》

MeasureforMeasure（1604）《一报还一报》

Pericles,PrinceofTyre（1608）《泰尔亲王佩力克里斯》

C.thethirdperiod（1069-1612）:

theperiodoftragicomedies（4intotal）

3tragicomedies

Cymbeline,KingofBritain（1609）《辛柏林》

TheWinter’sTale（1610）《冬天的故事》

TheTempest（1612）《暴风雨》

1historicalplayTheLifeofKingHenryVIII（1612）《亨利八世》

3.EnglishEssay

Essayisaformofliterature,andbelongstoprosewriting.

FrancisBacon（1561-1626）

a.“thewisest,brightest,meanestofmankind”

b.3classesofBacon’sworks:

Thephilosophicalworks:

AdvancementofLearning（1605）NovumOrganum（1620

The17thCentury:

thePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration

JohnDonne（1573-1631）theleadingfigureof“MetaphysicalSchool”or“MetaphysicalPoetry”

Metaphysicalpoetry

A.Thepoeticimagesinvolveanelementofcontrast.

B.Theideas,togetherwiththemetricalpatternandgrammar,issomewhatdistorted.

C.Thereisafusionofstrongfeelingsanddeepthought.

D.Thequalityofintellectisadistinctivefeature.

III.JohnMilton（1608-1674）thethirdgreatestEnglishpoetafterChaucerandShakespeare

Hislifecanberoughlydividedinto3phases:

1.theearlyphaseofreadingandlyricwriting（1620-1638）

A.Allegro《快乐者》,describinghappiness

B.Denseroso《幽思者》,describingmeditation

C.Lycidas《利西达斯》,praisingadearfriendwhohadbeendrowned

D.Comus《科玛斯》或《假面剧》,presentingamasqueorplay

2.themiddlephaseofserviceinthePuritanRevolutionandpamphleteeringforit

A.ProPopuloAnglicanoDefensio（orInDefenseoftheBritishPeople）

《为英国人民声辩》

B.DefensioSecunda（orMoreinDefenseoftheBritishPeople）

《再为英国人民声辩》

Thefirstpersonwhodefendedtheactionofmurderingtheking,andtheforerunneroftheFrenchscholarsoftheEnlightenmentinthe18thcentury.

3.Thelast—thegreatest—phaseofepicwriting（1660-1674）

A.ParadiseLost《失乐园》,themostwonderfulepicsinceBeowulf

B.ParadiseRegained《复乐园》

C.SamonAgonistes《力士参孙》

ParadiseLost—thegreatepic

IV.JohnBunyan（1628-1688）

HeandMilton,representingtheextremeofEnglishlifeinthe17thcentury,wrotethetwoworksthatstandforthemightyPuritanspirit

ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》—hismasterpiece

ThePilgrimProgressisareligiousbooktellingushowapersonmovesfromthisworldtoanother.

The18thCentury:

theAgeofEnlightenment

Enlightenment:

anexpressionofstruggleoftheprogressiveclassofbourgeoisieagainstfeudalism

III.Poetry

1.Neoclassicism

A.Thebasicfeaturesofneoclassicism

B.Thedominantneoclassicformwastheheroiccouplet

C.Neoclassicpoetrytendstoproducetheeffectofanartificiallytrimmedbeauty,beautifulbutoftenlifeless.

D.AlexanderPope（1688-1744）

a.aleadingfigureofneoclassicism

b.themostimportantEnglishpoetofthe18thcentury

c.hiswell-knownworks:

EssayonCriticism（1711）,《论批评》

TheRapeoftheLock（1712）,《秀发劫》

thetranslationofIliad（1715-1720）,

TheDunciad（1743）,《群愚史诗》

EssayonMan（1733）,《论人》

AnEpistletoDr.Arbuthnot（1735）,《致阿巴思诺特医生书》

2.Pre