北京英语导游词Word下载.docx

北京英语导游词Word下载.docx

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　　DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,Tian&

anmenwastheplacewherestateceremoniestookplace.Themostimportantoneofthemwastheissuingofimperialedicts,whichfollowedthesesteps:

　　1）TheMinisterofRiteswouldreceivetheedictinTaihedian（HallofSupremeHarmony）,wheretheEmperorwasholdinghiscourt.Theministerwouldthencarrythedecreeonayunpan（trayofcloud）,andwithdrawfromthehallviaTaihemen（GateofsupremeHarmony）

　　2）TheMinisterwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting（dragonpavilion）.BeneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviaWumen（MeridianGate）,toTian&

anmenGatetower.

　　3）Acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.Thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed.

　　4）Thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoeni_-shapedwoodenbo_andloweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.ThedocumentwouldfinallybecarriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheMinistryofRites.

　　5）Theedict,copiedonyellowpaper,wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.

　　SuchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedasImperialEdictIssuedbyGoldenPhoeni_.

　　DuringtheMingandQingdynastiesTian&

anmenwasthemostimportantpassage.ItwasthisgatethattheEmperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.

　　OntheWestsideofTian&

anmenstandsZhongshanPark（Dr.SunYat-sen&

sPark）,andontheeastside,theWorkingPeople&

sCulturalPalave.TheParkwasformerlycalledShejitan（AltarofLandandGrain）,builtin1420forofferingsacrificialitemstotheGodofLand.Itwasopenedtothepublicasaparkin1914anditsnamewaschangedin1928tothepresentoneinmemoryofthegreatpioneeroftheChineseDemocraticRevolution.

　　TheWorkingPeople&

sCulturalPalaceusedtobeTaimiao（theSupremeAncestralTemple）,wheretabletsofthedeceaseddynasticrulerswerekept.

　　ThestreaminfrontofTian&

anmeniscalledWaijinshuihe（OuterGoldenRiver）,withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit.Ofthesesevenbridges,historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasforthee_clusiveuseoftheemperorandwasaccordinglycalledYuluqiao（ImperialBridge）.ThebridgesflankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyandwerethereforecalledWanggongqiao（Royal&

sBridges）.FartherawayoneachsideofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwerenamedPinjiqiao（ministerialBridges）.TheremainingtwobridgeswerefortheusebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwrecalledGongshengqiao（commonBridges）.TheyanrtheoneinfrontoftheSupremeAncestralTempletotheeastandtheoneinfrontoftheAltaroflandandGraintothewest.

　　ThetwostonelionsbytheGateofTian&

anmen,oneoneachsideweremeantassentries.Theygazetowardthemiddlea_is,guardingtheemperor&

swalkway.InfrontofthegatestandsapairofmarblecolumnscalledHuabiao.Theyareelaboratelycutinbas-relieffollowingthepatternofalegendarydragon.Behindthegatestandsanotherpairofsimilarcolumns.ThestoryofHuabiaomaybetracedtoacoupleofsources.OneoftheversionsaccreditsitsinventiontooneoftheChinesesagekingsnamedYao,whowassaidtohavesetupawoodenpillarinordertoallowtheordinarypeopletoe_poseevil-doers,henceitwasoriginallycalledaslanderpillar.Lateritwsreducedtoasignpost,andnowitservesasanornament.

　　Thebeastsittingonthetopofthecolumniscalledhou,alegendaryanimal,whichissaidtohavebeenawatcherofanemperor&

sbehaviour.Hewasdoingsuchdutiesaswarningtheemperoragainststayingtoolongoutsidethepalaceorindulginginpleasureandurginghimtogotothepeoplefortheircomplaintsorreturninduetime.Therefore,thetwopairsofbeastsweregiventhenamesWangjunhui（E_pectingtheemperor&

scomingback）andwangjunchu（E_pectingtheemperor&

sgoingout）respectinvely.

　　Intheolddays,Tian&

anmen,asapartoftheImperialCity,wasmeantforimportantoccasions.Thetworowsofchaofang（antechamber）,onthesidesbehindthemaingate,wrereservedforcivilandmilitarymembersofthegovernmentwaitingforimperialaudienceandinfrontofthegate,wereofficesofimperialadministration.

　　OnOctober1,1949,chairmanMaoZedongproclaimedonTian&

anmenRostrumthefoundingofthePeople&

sRepublicofChina.SincethenTian&

anmenhasbeenthesymbolofNewChine\a.ChairmanMao&

sportraitishungabovethecentralentrance,flankedbytwoslogans:

LongLivetheGreatUnityofthePeoplesoftheWorld.Today,thesplendourofTian&

anmenattractsmillionofvisitorsfromallovertheworld.TheRostrumonitstopwasopenedin1988tothepublicforthefirsttimeinitshistory.ItoffersapanoramicviewoftheSquareandthecityproper.

anmenSquare

　　SituatedduesouthofTian&

anmen,theSquarehasanareaof44hectares（109acres）thatcanaccommodateasmanyasonemillionpeopleforpublicgatherings.IthaswitnessedmayhistoricaleventsinChina&

smodernhistoryandisaplaceforcelebrationsonsuchfestivedaysasinternationalLabourDayonMay1standnationalDayonOctober1st.

　　AroundtheSquareareseveralfamousbuildings:

　　1TheGreatHallofthePeople

　　Thisisoneofthelargestcongressionalbuildingsintheworld.Builtin1959,thehallconsistsofthreeparts:

a10,000-seatauditoriuminthecenter,abanquethallinthenorthwingfacingChang&

anStreet,withaseatingcapacityof5,000,andofficesfortheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoples&

CongressofChinainthesouth.Inaddition,thirty-fourreceptionchambersarenamedaftervariousprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundetheCentralGovernment,plusHongKongandMacao.Eachisdifferentfromtheotherindecorationandfurnishingstostresstheirlocalfeatures.

　　2TheMuseumofChineseHistoryandtheMuseumoftheChineseRevolution

　　Thesetwomuseumswerealsobuiltin1959.themuseumofChineseHistoryhousesapermanente_hibitioninfourparts,coveringtheentireprocessofChinesehistoryspanningfrom1.7millionyearsagoto1919:

　　1）ThePrimitiveSociety（1.7millionyearsagotothe21stcenturyBC）;

　　2）TheSlaveSociety（21stcenturyBCto476BC.）;

　　3）TheFeudalSociety（475BC.To1840AD.）;

　　4）TheSemi-ColonialandSemi-FedualSociety（1840to1919.）

　　TheMuseumoftheChineseRevolutioncoverstheperiodfrom1919to1949.

　　3TheMonumenttothePeople&

sHeroes

　　themonumentwasbuiltinmemoryofthousandsofmartyrswhodiedfortherevolutionarycauseoftheChinesepeople.ItsconstructionbeganonAugust1,1952andwasnotcompleteduntil1958.intheformofanobelisk,theMonumentasmadeofmorethan17,000piecesoftraniteandwhitemarble.ThepurplepieceinlaidinthefrontoftheMonumentwasbroughtfromQingdao,ShandongProvince.Itis38meters（124ft8in）high,theloftiestofitskindeverseeninthecountry.Notonlyisitanhistoricmemorialforimmortalheroes,butalsoitisanartisticworkofe_cellentarchitecturalvalue.

　　OnthefrontsideoftheMonumentisanengravedinscriptioninChinesecharacterswrittenbyChairmanMaoZedong,whichreadsEternalGlorytothePeople&

sHeroes!

.OnthebackoftheMonumentisanarticlewrittenbyChairmanMao,butinChinesecalligraphybythelatePremierZhouEnlai.

　　AtthetopoftheMonumentareeightgiganticcarvedwreathesofsuchflowersaspeony,lotusandchrysanthemum,symbolizingnobility,purity,andfortitude.AtthebaseofthemonumentareeightmarblereliefsdepictingtheChinesehistoriceventssince1840.Theyare:

　　1）TheBurningofOpiumin1840:

　　2）Theuprisingof1851inJintian,Guang_i;

　　3）TheRevolutionof1911;

　　4）TheMayFourthMovementof1919;

　　5）TheMay30thMovementof1925;

　　6）TheUprisingof1927inNanchang,Jiang_i;

　　7）TheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggressionfrom1937to1945;

　　8）TheVictoriousCrossingovertheYangtzeRiverbythePeoples&

sLiberationArmyin1949.ThisreliefisflankedbytwosmalleronesSupplyingtheFrontandGreetingtheP.L.A..

　　4ChairmanMao&

sMausoleum

　　ChairmanMaoZedong,thefounderofthePeople&

sPepublicofChina,passedawayonSepember9,1976.Incommemorationofthisgreatman,amausoleumbegantobeconstructedinNovember1976,andwascompletesinAugustthefollowingyear.TheMausoleumwasofficiallyopenedonSeptember9,1977.

　　Themausoleumissurroundedbyfourgroupsofsculpture.EastofthenorthernentranceisthesculpturedepictingtheperiodoftheNewDemocraticRevolution（1919-1949）,andwestofitistheonesignifyingthegreatachievementsoftheChinesepeopledurin