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2014
ANSWERSHEET1（TEM8）
PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREHowtoReduceStress
Lifeisfullofthingsthatcauseusstress.Thoughwemaynotlikestress,wehavetolivewithit.
forceexertedbetweentwotouchingbodiesB.humanreaction
actingappropriately—reasonforplanning（8）resultD.learningto（9）
—e.g.delaycausedbytrafficE.pacingactivities
—manageabletask—（10）
speed
2013
WhatDoActiveLearnersDo?
Therearedifferencebetweenactivelearningandpassivelearning.
Characteristicsofactivelearners:
I.readingwithpurposes
A.beforereading:
settinggoals
B.whilereading:
（1）
II.
（2）andcriticalinthinking
i.e.informationprocessing,e.g.
--connectionsbetweentheknownandthenewinformation
--identificationof（3）concepts
--judgmentonthevalueof（4）.
III.activeinlistening
A.waysofnote-taking:
（5）.
B.beforenote-taking:
listeningandthinking
IV.beingabletogetassistance
A.reason1:
knowingcomprehensionproblemsbecauseof（6）
B.Reason2:
beingabletopredictstudydifficulties
V.beingabletoquestioninformation
A.questionwhattheyreadorhear
B.evaluateand（7）.
VI.Lastcharacteristic
A.attitudetowardresponsibility
--activelearners:
accept
--passivelearners:
（8）
B.attitudetoward（9）
evaluateandchangebehaviour
nochangeinapproachRelationshipbetweenskillandwill:
willismoreimportantin（10）.
Lackofwillleadstodifficultyincollegelearning.
参考答案：
1.checkingtheirunderstanding
2.reflectiveoninformation
3.incomprehensible
4.whatyouread
5.organized
6.monitoringtheirunderstanding
7.differentiate
8.blame
9.performance
10.activelearning
SectionAMini-lecture
或者
1、checkingunderstanding。
2、reflective
3、puzzling/confusing
4、whatisread
5、comprehensiveandorganized
6、constantunderstandingmonitoring//monitoringtheirunderstanding
7、differ
8、blameothers
9、poorperformance
10、schoolwork//studies
2012
Observation
Peopledoobservationindailylifecontextforsafetyorforproperbehaviour.However,therearedifferencesindailylifeobservationandresearchobservation.
Differences
dailylifeobservation
--casual
--
（1）
--dependenceonmemory
researchobservation
--
（2）
--carefulrecordkeeping
B.Waystoselectsamplesinresearch
timesampling
--systematic:
e.g.fixedintervalseveryhour
--random:
fixedintervalsbut（3）
Systematicsamplingandrandomsamplingareoftenusedincombination.
--definition:
selectionofdifferentlocations
--reason:
humans'
oranimals'
beh_a_v_io_u_r_（5a）crosscircumstances
--（6）:
moreobjectiveobservations
C.Waystorecordbehaviour（7）
observationwithintervention
--participantobservation:
researcherasobserverandparticipant
--fieldexperiment:
research（8）overconditions
observationwithoutintervention
--purpose:
describingbehaviour（9）
--（10）:
nointervention
--researcher:
apassiverecorder
1:
rarelyformalrecords2:
systematicobjectivemanner3:
variable
4:
situationsampling5:
vary6:
advantage7:
asitoccurs8:
havemorecontrol9:
innaturalsetting10:
methodInterview
2011
ClassificationsofCultures
AccordingtoEdwardHall,differentculturesresultindifferentideasabouttheworld.Hallisananthropologist.Heisinterestedinrelationsbetweencultures.
I.High-contextcultureA.feature
-context:
moreimportantthanthemessage
-meaning:
（1）
i.e.moreattentionpaidto
（2）thantothemessageitself
B.examples
-personalspace
-preferencefor（3）
-lessrespectforprivacy/personalspace
-attentionto（4）
-conceptoftime
-beliefin（5）interpretationoftime
-noconcernforpunctuality
-nocontrolovertime
II.Low-contextculture
A.feature
-message:
separatefromcontext
（6）
B.examples
-desire/respectforindividuality/privacy
-lessattentiontobodylanguage
-moreconcernfor（7）
-attitudetowardtime
-conceptoftime:
（8）
-dislikeof（9）
-timeseenascommodity
III.Conclusion
Awarenessofdifferentculturalassumptions
-relevanceinworkandlife
e.g.business,negotiation,etc.
-（10）insuccessfulcommunication
1.apartfromthemessage2.whatishappening3.closeness4.bodylanguage5.multiple
6.initself7.themessageitself8.punctualitymeanseverything9.lateness10.accounts
1.andsignificance
2.thecontext或whatisdoing3.closenesstopeople4.bodylanguage5.polychronic6.initself
7.personalspace8.monochrome9.lateness
10.multiculturalsituation
2010
ParalinguisticFeaturesofLanguage
Inface-to-facecommunicationspeakersoftenaltertheirtomesofvoiceorchangetheirphysicalposturesinordertoconveymessages.Thesemeansarecalledparalinguisticfeaturesoflanguage,whichfallintotwocategories.
Firstcategory:
vocalparalinguisticfeatures
（1）:
toexpressattitudeorintention
（1）
（2）
Examples
1.whispering:
2.breathiness:
3.
（2）
4.nasality:
needforsecrecydeepemotionunimportanceanxiety
5.extralip-rounding:
greaterintimacy
Secondcategory:
physicalparalinguisticfeaturesfacialexpressions
（3）
smiling:
signalofpleasureorwelcomelesscommonexpressions
eyebrowraising:
surpriseorinterestlipbiting:
（4）gesturegesturesarerelatedtoculture.
Britishculture
shruggingshoulders:
（5）scratchinghead:
puzzlementothercultures
placinghanduponheart:
（6）pointingatnose:
secretproximity,postureandechoingproximity:
physicaldistancebetweenspeakerscloseness:
intimacyorthreat
（7）:
formalityorabsenceofinterest
（4）
（5）
（6）
（7）
Proximityisperson-,culture-and（8）-specific.
（8）
posture
hunchedshouldersorahanginghead:
toindicate（9）（9）directleveleyecontact:
toexpressanopenorchallengingattitudeechoing
definition:
imitationofsimilarposture
（10）:
aidincommunication
consciousimitation:
mockery
（10）
1tonesofvoice2huskiness3universalsignal。
4thoughtoruncertainty5indifference6honesty
7distance。
8situation。
9mood。
10unconsciouslysameposture
2009
WritingExperimentalReports
I.Contentofanexperimentalreport,e.g.
---studysubject/area
---studypurpose
---1
II.Presentationofanexperimentalreport
---providingdetails
---regardingreadersas2
III.Structureofanexperimentalreport
---feature:
highlystructuredand3
---sectionsandtheircontent:
INTRODUCTION4。
whyyoudidit
METHODhowyoudiditRESULTwhatyoufoundout5whatyouthinkitshows
IV.Senseofreadership---6:
readeristhemarker
---7:
readerisanidealized,hypothetical,intelligentpersonwithlittleknowledgeof
yourstudy
---taskstofulfillinanexperimentalreport:
introductiontorelevantareanecessarybackgroundinformationdevelopmentofclearargumentsdefinitionoftechnicaltermsprecisedescriptionofdata8
V.Demandsandexpectationsinreportwriting---earlystage:
understandingofstudysubject/areaanditsimplicationsbasicgraspofthereport'
sformat
---laterstage:
9onresearchsignificance
---thingstoavoidinwritingINTRODUCTION:
Inadequatematerial
10ofresearchjustificationforthestudy
MINI-LECTURE
1.Studyresult/findings2.Audience3.Disciplined4.whatyoudid5.DISCUSSION6.acommonmistake7.inreality8.obtained/thatyouobtained9.attention/foucs/emphasis10.暂无
10.
2008
ThePopularityofEnglish
I.PresentstatusofEnglish
A.Englishasanative/firstlanguage
B.Englishasalinguafranca:
alanguageforcommunicationamongpeoplewhose
（1）aredifferent
（1）
C.NumberofpeoplespeakingEnglishasafirstorasecondlanguage:
—320-380millionnativespeakers
—250-
（2）millionspeakersofEnglishasasecondlanguage
（2）
II.ReasonsforthepopularuseofEnglish
A.（3）reasons（3）
—thePilgrimFathersbroughtthelanguagetoAmerica。
—BritishsettlersbroughtthelanguagetoAustralia。
—Englishwasusedasameansofcontrolin（4）（4）
B.Economicreasons
—spreadof（5）（5）
—languageofcommunicationiiitheinternationalbusinesscommunity
（9）
C.（6）ininternationaltravel
—useofEnglishintravelandtourism
—signsinairports
—languageofannouncement
—languageof（7）
D.Informationexchange
—useofEnglishintheacademicworld
—languageof（8）orjournalarticles
E.Popularculture
—popmusicon（9）
—filmsfromtheUSA
III.Questionstothinkabout
A.statusofEnglishinthefuture
B.（10）ofdistinctvarietiesofEnglish
1.nativelanguage2.3503.Historical4.India5.commerce6.Boom7.seatravelcommunication
8.conference9.manyradios10.split
2007
WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?
I.Introduction
A.Differencesbetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory
—Focu
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