船舶专业英语Word文件下载.docx

船舶专业英语Word文件下载.docx

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14Planning,FromContracttoWorkingPlans62

15LinesPlanandFairing,FabricationandAssembly64

16LaunchingandOutfitting68

17SeaTrials70

18MarineEngines73

LessonOne

TheNavalArchitect

Anavalarchitectaskedtodesignashipmayreceivehisinstructionsinaformrangingfromsuchsimplerequirementsas“anoiltankertocarry100000tonsdeadweightat15knots”toafullydetailedspecificationofpreciselyplannedrequirements.Heisusuallyrequiredtoprepareadesignforavesselthatmustcarryacertainweightofcargo（ornumberofpassengers）ataspecifiedspeedwithparticularreferencetotraderequirement;

high-densitycargoes,suchasmachinery,requirelittleholdcapacity,whilethereverseistrueforlow-densitycargoes,suchasgrain.

Deadweightisdefinedasweightofcargoplusfuelandconsumablestores,andlightweightastheweightofthehull,includingmachineryandequipment.Thedesignermustchoosedimensionssuchthatthedisplacementofthevesselisequaltothesumofthedeadweightandthelightweighttonnages.Thefinenessofthehullmustbeappropriatetothespeed.Thedraft------whichisgovernedbyfreeboardrules------enablesthedepthtobedeterminedtoafirstapproximation.

Afterselectingtentativevaluesoflength,breadth,depth,draft,anddisplacement,thedesignermustachieveaweightbalance.Hemustalsoselectamomentbalancebecausecentresofgravityinbothlongitudinalandverticaldirectionsmustprovidesatisfactorytrimandstability.Additionally,hemustestimatetheshafthorsepowerrequiredforthespecifiedspeed;

thisdeterminestheweightofmachinery.Thestrengthofthehullmustbeadequatefortheserviceintended,detailedscantlings（framedimensionsandplatethicknesses）canbeobtainedfromtherulesoftheclassificationsociety.Thesescantingsdeterminetherequisiteweightofhullsteel.

Thevesselshouldpossesssatisfactorysteeringcharacteristics,freedomfromtroublesomevibration,andshouldcomplywiththemanyvariedrequirementsofinternationalregulations.Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandotherduesarebased.（Thegrosstonnagerepresentsthevolumeofallclosed-inspacesabovetheinnerbottom.Thenettonnageisthegrosstonnageminuscertaindeductiblespacesthatdonotproducerevenue.Nettonnagecanthereforeberegardedasameasureoftheearningcapacityoftheship,henceitsuseasabasisforharbouranddockingcharges.）Passengervesselsmustsatisfyastandardofbulkheadsubdivisionthatwillensureadequatestabilityunderspecifiedconditionsifthehullispiercedaccidentallyorthroughcollision.

Compromiseplaysaconsiderablepartinproducingasatisfactorydesign.Anavalarchitectmustbeamasterofapproximations.Iftherequireddesigncloselyresemblesthatofashipalreadybuiltforwhichfullinformationisavailable,thedesignercancalculatetheeffectsofdifferencesbetweenthisshipandtheprojectedship.If,however,thisinformationisnotavailable,hemustfirstproducecoefficientsbaseduponexperienceand,afterrefiningthem,checktheresultsbycalculation.

Training

Therearefourmajorrequirementsforagoodnavalarchitect.Thefirstisaclearunderstandingofthefundamentalprinciplesofappliedscience,particularlythoseaspectsofsciencethathavedirectapplicationtoships------mathematics,physics,mechanics,fluidmechanics,materials,structuralstrength,stability,resistance,andpropulsion.Thesecondisadetailedknowledgeofpastandpresentpracticeinshipbuilding.Thethirdispersonalexperienceofacceptedmethodsinthedesign,construction,andoperationofships;

andthefourth,andperhapsmostimportant,isanaptitudefortacklingnewtechnicalproblemsandofdevisingpracticalsolutions.

Theprofessionaltrainingofnavalarchitectsdifferswidelyinthevariousmaritimecountries.Unimanyuniversitiesandpolytechnicschools;

suchacademictrainingmustbesupplementedbypracticalexperienceinashipyard.

Trendsindesign

Theintroductionofcalculatingmachinesandcomputershasfacilitatedthecomplexcalculationsrequiredinnavalarchitectureandhasalsointroducednewconceptsindesign.Therearemanycombinationsoflength,breadth,anddraftthatwillgivearequireddisplacement.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseriesofdesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularserviceandtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerforeachseparatedesign.Suchaprocedureisbestcarriedoutasajointexercisebyownerandbuilder.Asshipsincreaseinsizeandcost,suchcombinedtechnicalandeconomicstudiescanbeexpectedtobecomemorecommon.

（From“EncyclopediaBritannica”,Vol.16）

Technicalterms

1.navalarchitect造船工程（设计）师

navalarchitecture造船（工程）学

2.instruction任务书、指导书

3.oiltanker油轮

4.deadweight载重量

5.knot节

6.specification规格书，设计任务书

7.vessel船舶

8.cargo货物

9.passenger旅客

10.trade贸易

11.machinery机械、机器

12.holdcapacity舱容

13.consumablestore消耗物品

14.lightweight轻载重量、空船重量

15.hull船体

16.dimension尺度、量纲、维（数）

17.displacement排水量、位移、置换

18.tonnage吨位

19.fineness纤瘦度

20.draft吃水

21.breadth船宽

22.freeboard干舷

23.rule规范

24.tentative试用（暂行）的

25.longitudinaldirection纵向

26.verticaldirection垂向

27.trim纵倾

28.stability稳性

29.shafthorsepower轴马力

30.strength强度

31.service航区、服务

32.scantling结构（件）尺寸

33.frame肋骨

34.classificationsociety船级社

35.steering操舵、驾驶

36.vibration振动

37.netregistertonnage净登记吨位

38.harbour港口

39.dues税收

40.grosstonnage总吨位

41.deductiblespace扣除空间

42.revenue收入

43.docking进坞

44.charge费用、电荷

45.bulkhead舱壁

46.subdivision分舱（隔）、细分

47.collision碰撞

48.compromise折衷、调和

49.coefficient系数

50.training培训

51.fluidmechanics流体力学

52.structuralstrength结构强度

53.resistance阻力

54.propulsion推进

55.shipbuilding造船

56.aptitude（特殊）才能，适应性

57.maritime航运，海运

58.polytechnicalschool工艺（科技）学校

59.academic学术的

60.shipyard造船厂

61.electroniccomputer电子计算机

62.owner船主，物主

63.encyclop（a）edia百科全书

AdditionalTermsandExpressions

1.theChineseSocietyofNavalArchitectureandMarineEngineering（CSNAME）中国造船工程学会

2.theChineseSocietyofNavigation中国航海学会

3.“ShipbuildingofChina”中国造船

4.ShipEngineering船舶工程

5.“Naval安定MerchantShips”舰船知识

6.ChinaStateShipbuildingCorporation（CSSC）中国船舶工业总公司

7.ChinaoffshorePlatformEngineeringCorporation（COPECO）中国海洋石油平台工程公司

8.RoyalInstitutionofNavalArchitects（RINA）英国皇家造船工程师学会

9.SocietyofNavalArchitectsandMarineEngineers（SNAME）美国造船师与轮机工程师协会

10.Principleofnavalarchitecture造船原理

11.shipstatics（orstaticsofnavalarchitecture）造船静力学

12.shipdynamics船舶动力学

13.shipresistanceandpropulsion船舶阻力和推进

14.shiprollingandpitching船舶摇摆

15.shipmanoeuvrability船舶操纵性

16.shipconstruction船舶结构

17.shipstructuralmechanics船舶结构力学

18.shipstrengthandstructuraldesign船舶强度和结构设计

19.shipdesign船舶设计

20.shipbuildingtechnology造船工艺

21.marine（orocean）engineering海洋工程

NotetotheText

1.rangefromAtoB的意思为“从A到B的范围内”，翻译时，根据这个基本意思可以按汉语习惯译成中文。

例：

Lathesizesrangefromverylittlelatheswiththelengthofthebedinseveralinchestoverylargeonesturningaworkmanyfeetinlength.

车床有大有小，小的车床其车身只有几英寸，大的车床能车削数英尺长的工件。

2.Suchthat可以认为是suchakind/value等的缩写，意思为“这样的类别/值等……以至于……”。

译成中文是，可根据具体情况加以意译。

Thedepthofthechainlockerissuchthatthecableiseasilystowed.

锚链舱的深度应该使锚链容易存储。

Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandoyherduesarebased.

3.Possessinganattractiveappearance现在分词短语，用作表示条件的状语，意译成“船舶除有一个漂亮的外形……”。

一般说，如分词短语谓语句首，通常表示时间、条件、原因等。

Thefactoronwhich…arebased中的thefactor是前面theminimumnetregistertonnage的铜谓语，而onwhich…arebased是定语从句，修饰thefactor。

4.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseriesiddesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularserviceandtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerforeachseparatedesign.

句中的it是形式宾语，实际宾语为不定式短语toprepareseriesofdesigns…和toassesstheeconomicreturns…

LessonTwo

Definitions,PrincipalDimensions

Beforestudyingindetailthevarioustechnicalbranchesofnavalarchitectureitisimportanttodefinechapters.Thepurposeofthischapteristoexplainthesetermsandtofamiliarisethereaderwiththem.Inthefirstplacethedimensionsbywhichthesizeofashipismeasuredwillbeconsidered;

theyarereferredtoas‘principaldimensions’.Theship,likeanysolidbody,requiresthreedimensionstodefineitssize,andthesearealength,abreadthandadepth.Eachofthesewillbeconsideredinturn.

Principaldimensions

Length

Therearevariouswaysofdefiningthelengthofaship,butfirstthelengthbetweenperpendicularswillbeconsidered.Thelengthbetweenperpendicularsisthedistancemeasuredparalleltothebaseatthelevelofthesummerloadwaterlinefromtheafterperpendiculartotheforwardperpendicular.Theafterperpendicularistakenastheaftersideoftherudderpostwherethereissuchapost,andtheforwardperpendicularistheverticallinedrawnthroughtheintersectionofthestemwithsummerloadwaterline.Inshipswherethereisnorudderposttheafterperpendicular