crosscultural communicationWord下载.docx

crosscultural communicationWord下载.docx

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姓名全春霞

专业英文学院

任课教师

成绩

TheCulturalDiversityandCulturalShockofCross-culturalCommunication

by

全春霞

SchoolofEnglishStudies

Xi'

anInternationalStudiesUniversity

Xi’an,China

2015.6.28

Abstract:

Timegoesby.Withtheinnovationoftechnologyandtherapiddevelopmentofproductivityunderthecurrentoftheeconomicglobalization,theconnectionbetweenpeopleisnearandnear,aswellascountry.Therefore,peopleindifferentnationsaremorecloselyinterdependenttoeachotherandtheworldisbecominganinternationalfamily.Thispaperfocusonexploringtheculturaldiversityandculturalshockofcross-culturalcommunicationunderglobalizationthroughthecomparisonandanalysisoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenthedifferentcountriesintwofilms.

Keywords:

cross-culturalcommunication;

culturaldiversity;

cultureshock

1.Introduction

Today,thereareover200countriesandmorethan5000nationalitiesinthisworld,amongwhich10%areminorities.Duetothegeographicalenvironment,climate,naturalconditionsandhistoricalbackground,thewayoflife,thedifferencesofeconomicandtechnology,everycountryandnationalityisdifferentanddistinctive.Ethnicdiversityinevitablyleadtoculturaldiversitybecausedifferentcountriesandregions,ethnicandracialhavedifferentculture.However,culturalshockiscausedbyculturaldifferencesontheculturalvaluesofcontradictionsandintenseconfrontation.CultureShockreferstotheculturaldifferencesandnotadapttothehugelossandpsychologicalimbalancecausedbytheculture.Therefore,ifpeopledonotknowtheseculturaldifferences,peoplewillhindereffectivecommunicationbetweendifferentethnicgroupsandclosecontacts,whichisnotconducivetohumanprosperityandharmoniousdevelopment.Withtherapiddevelopmentoftheworldeconomyandfrequentcontactsbetweendifferentcountries,cross-culturalcommunicationisgettingmoreandmoreimportant.Inordertotheharmoniousdevelopmentofhumanbeings,peoplemustknowmoreculturaldiversityanddecreaseculturalshocktostrengthentheunderstandingandcommunicationbetweendifferentethnicgroups.

2.Theculturaldiversityofcross-culturalcommunication

Theculturaldiversityshowsindifferentregionsandcountries,indifferentlanguages,indistinctivecustoms,diversewaysofthinkingandvariousfaithsandsoon.Sinceeachregionalwayshasdifferencesinthelocalhistoryandculture,thereforeithastheirownuniqueculturalandhistorycharactersofthelogicalstructure.Culturaldiversityisthesocialreality,sooursubjectivedesirecannotchangeit.Everythinghasitsrationalityofexistence,andpeoplehavetoacceptthetruthofitsexistence.Incross-culturalcommunication,wecan'

tchangethereality,sopeoplenotonlyacceptandrespectotherculturesbutalsoneedtoactivelyadapttodifferentcultures.

2.1theCulturalDiversityofDifferentLanguage

Thelanguage,themostimportantcommunicationtoolforhuman,isthecarrierofthehumanthought.Generallyspeaking,eachnationhasitsownlanguage.AccordingtoLinguisticsandLanguageCommunicationToolsHandbookpublishedbyGermansays“thatthereare5651languagesintheworld.Intheselanguages,than1400languageshavenotbeenrecognizedasanindependentlanguage.”

InLostinTranslation,Thehost,BobwasinvitedtoJapanforanadvertisementofwhisky.Onthespotforthefirsttime,directorfromJapanspeakingforalongtimedemandedBobtoturntocameralens,butthetranslatortoldBobthedemandfromdirectorjustbyonesentence-“turntocamera”.TheBobwereveryconfusedandsaid“that’sallhesaid?

”and“allright,doeshewantmeto…to…turnfromtherightor…turntheleft?

”.Cultureisdividedintohigh-contextandlow-contextculturefromtheangleofcommunication.Japaneseisahigh-contextculturethateverythingneedstobeunderstoodbyspecificscenarios;

Americanisalow-contextculturecountrythatpeopleareusedtoexpressthemselvesdirectly.

Meantime,TheJapanesedevelopsacompletesystemofhonorific,calledJapanesehonorificwhichreferstorespectfortheinterlocutor.Here,inordertoshowthepoliteness,userswhousehonorificskillshaveawideselectionofwordsandexpressionsinvolvingthedifferentlevelsoflanguage.Sometimes,asimplesentencemayhavemorethan20expression,whichdependsontherelativepositionbetweenthespeakerandthetalkingobject.Properconversationisquitechallengingsincetherelativepositionrelationisdeterminedbythecomplexcombinationofmanyfactors,suchassocialstatus,age,genderandsoon.Soincross-culturalcommunication,knowingotherlanguagesiskeytogetalongwellwithotherpeople.

2.2theCulturalDiversityofDistinctiveCustomsandDiverseThinkingWays

Customisaspecificsocialcultureareaandpeopleabidebypatternsofbehaviororspecifications.Withahistoryofformation,customisakindofsocialtraditionsandhaseffectivelyrestrictivefunctiontomembersofsociety.Customisthebasisandsupplementofsocialmoralityandlaw.Differentcountryandnationalityhavedifferentcustoms.

Forcolors,inchina,redmeansluckyandfestivalbutinwesternculture,itmeansbleeding,dangerandfighting;

whiteinchinarepresentsfailureanddeath,onthecountry,inwestern,itrepresentslucky,pureandhonest.Soincross-culturalcommunication,peopleshouldpayattentiontothesedetailstoavoidcausingmisunderstandingandevenleadtoconflict.Forexample,inAmerican,peoplewhoattendtoweddingshouldavoidwearingredclothesandshoes.Therefore,wemustmastertheinterpersonalskillswhileweareinsocialconditions.Wemustrespectothers'

habitsandagreewiththeirdifferencesinordertoavoidconflictsandembarrassment.

InGuaShaTreatment,ThebiggestculturedifferencethefilmshoweduswasthatChineseculturewasbasedonexperiencewhilewesternbasedonspecificevidences.ThefilmGuashaTreatmentdescribeswhathappenedtoaChinesefamilyaftertheyhadusedthetraditionalChinesemedicaltreatmentGuashatoalittleboyintheUniteState.Inaddition,DatongwasnotthepersonwhogavethelittleboyGuaShatreatmentbuthisfatherdothat.However,Datongdecidedtobeascapegoat.Thiswasaculturedifference.InChinesetraditionalculture,lawisnotimportantthanaffection.Thoughwealsopraisethosepeoplewhoputrighteousnessabovefamilyloyalty,nobodywantsthathappentothemselves.Chinesethinkthatbeingascapegoatforfamilymembersespeciallyforfatherormotherisaresponsibility.Indifferentculture,peoplehavedifferenthabittodosomethingwhatotherpeoplewhohavedifferentculturecan’tunderstand.

3.theCulturalShockofCross-culturalCommunication

Cross-culturalcommunicationisoneofthemajorproblemsofthecontemporaryhumansociety.Interculturalcommunicationisbecomingmoreandmorecommontoday.Itprovidespeoplewithmanyopportunitiestocontactandcommunicatewithwesternandtodeepenourunderstandingofwesternsocietybutthisisnotasimplematter,becausewhatwefaceisfromnewcultureandcountry.Thewayofthinkingandlivingandbehaviorareverydifferent,andtheculturaldifferencesoftencausecommunicativedifficultiesandproblems,misunderstanding,confusion,contradictionsandevenconflicts.

3.1theConflictofFormulaicLanguage

ChinesepeoplekeepmodestincommunicationwithothersandthinkofthatasavirtueandtheChineseculturecharacteristicofpolite.ThisisanobviousillustrationofSelf-denigrationinChinesepoliteness.Whenotherspraiseus,wetendtobelowtoshowmodestyandpolite.Westerncountrieshavenosuchculturalhabits,whentheyarepraised,therewillalwaysbeveryhappyandsay"

Thankyou"

toaccept.DuetothedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculture,someChinesethinkthewestistooconfidentandhaughty;

AndwhenthewesternhearsChineseanswerthattheydenytheirownachievementandotherpeople’spraise,theycanfeelverysurprisedandthinkChinesepeoplearenothonest.

InGuaShaTreatment,thecontradictionbetweenChineseandAmericanerupted,becauseDatong'

ssonDennishitJohn,thesonofDatong’boss,andDatongbeatDennisinfrontofhisboss.ThatistogivethebossrespectinChinesestyle.Thebossiscan’tunderstandandsays"

respect?

GoodChineselogicofunreasonable!

"

Chinesepeopleshowrespectbybeatingtheirchildrenwhentheirchildrenfightwithotherpeople’schildren.However,thewayofpolitenessishardtounderstandingforAmericanwhobelievebeatingchildrenisfault.

Indifferentculture,knowingculturecanhelpdecreaseconflictsandisgoodforpeoplewhoarefromdifferentcountrytogetalongwellwitheachother.

3.2theConflictofTimeViewandPersonalValues

Westernviewoftimeandmoneyarelinkedtogether,sotheyareverycherishtheirtime.Inlife,theytendtomakecarefularrangementsandplansandformthegoodhabitofpunctuality.Inthewest,peoplemustadvancenotice,explainthepurposeandinformthetimeandtheplace.Afterhosthasagreed,peoplecanbecarriedoutandthenvisitsomeone.ButChinesekeepthemulti-dimensionaltimethatmeansthetimeisflexibleandpeoplehaveagreatrandomnessonusingtime,inotherword,peopledonotstrictlycarryoutinaccordancewiththeplanlikewesterners.Westernersoftenfeelconfusedtounderstandthis.

TraditionalChineseculturehasalwaysbeenpromotingselflessdedicationandteamspirit,theChineseisg