初中被动语态讲解及练习.docx

初中被动语态讲解及练习.docx

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被动语态

一、概念：

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。

语态有两种：

主动语态和被动语态。

如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：

1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语　　2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

三、被动语态的用法：

　　1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：

is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词

Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.

Mymotherasksmetostudyhard.

2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：

was/were+及物动词的过去分词

　　Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.

3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：

has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词

　　Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

　　Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.

4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：

will+be+及物动词的过去分词

　　Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.　　

Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.

5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：

情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.　　Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.

Thedoormaybelockedinside.　　

Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.

6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：

am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词

7.不定式的被动语态：

to+be+及物动词的过去分词

Therearetwobookstoberead.

Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.

3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词

不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动

语态时，须加上to。

例：

makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomething

seesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomething

Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.

Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.

4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。

使用直接宾语（物）作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

Hegavemeabook.

→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.

Heshowedmeaticket.

→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.

Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.

→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.

5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

　　Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.

　　Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.

Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.

不用被动语态的情况

　　1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：

　　appear,die（死亡）,disappear（消失）,end（vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

　　breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

　　如：

Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.

比较：

rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。

（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.　　

（对）Thepricehasrisen.

（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.　　　

（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

（错）Thepricehasraised.　　　

（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.

（错）Pleaseseat.　　　

（对）Pleasebeseated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。

特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。

解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto　　

如：

Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.

被动语态练习

一、选择题  

（）1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

  A. Is; built   B. Was;  bulit  C. Does;  build  D. Did; build  

（ ）2. An accident ____ on this road last week.  

A. has been happened  B. was happened  C. is happened  D. happened  

（ ）3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.  

A. is grown  B. are grown  C. grows  D. grow  

（ ）4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.  

A. is visited  B. will be visited  C. has been visited  D. was visited  

（ ）5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.  A. is given  B. has been given  C. will be given  D. gives  

（ ）6.How many trees ____ this year?

  A. are planted  B. will plant  C. have been planted  D. planted   

（ ）7. A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.  A. are doing  B. are being done  C. has been done  D. will be done  

（ ）8.Neither of them ______ in China.  

A. is made  B. are made  C. were made  D. made  

（ ）9.Look!

 A nice picture ____ for our teacher.  

A. is drawing  B. is being drawn  C. has been drawn  D .draws  

（ ）10. Your shoes ____. You need a new pair.  

A. wear out  B. worn out  C. are worn out  D. is worn

（ ）11.The doctor _____ for yet.  A. isn't sent  B. hasn't been sent  C. won't be sent  D. wasn't sent  

（ ）12.--When ___ this kind of computers______?

 --Last year.  A. did; use  B. was; used  C. is; used  D. are; used   

（ ）13. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.  

A. knows  B.knew  C . is known D. was  known  

（ ）14.I ____ in summer.  

A. born  B. was born  C. have been born  D. am born  （ ）15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week. 

A. is sent  B. would send  C. was sent  D. will be sent

（ ）16.Who _____ this book _____?

  A. did; written  B. was; written by  C. did; written  D. was; written  

（ ）17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.  

A. has asked to  B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to  

（ ）18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.  

A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us  

（ ）19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.  

A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump  

（ ）20.The school bag ___ behind the chair.  

A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put

（ ）21.Older people ____ well.   

A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after  

（ ）22.Our teacher ______ carefully.  

A.should be listened to   B.should be listen    C.be listened    D.is listened

二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1. We can finish the work in two days.  The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.  

2. They produce silk in Suzhou.  Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.  

3. The children will sing an English song.  An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.  

4. You needn't do it now.  It ____ _____ _____ by you now.  

5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.  

A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ her by me last week.

6. People use metal for making machines.  Metal ____ ____ for making machines.  

7. He made me do that for him.  I ____ ____ ____ that for him.

8.I have given this book to the library.  This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.  

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago?

  ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.  An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.  11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.  Color TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.  12.My brother often mends his watch.  His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.

13.We must water the flowers every day.  The flowers must ___ ___ （by us） every day.  

14.They use knives for cutting things.  Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.  

15.He made the farmers work for a long time.  The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.  16.Did he break the window yesterday?

  ____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?

17.They have sold out the light green dresses.   The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.  

18.We clean the classroom every day.  The classroom ____ ____ every day.  

19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.  Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.  

20.You can dig a hole in the earth.  A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.  

三、 用动词的正确语态填空。

1. The students _____ often _____（tell） to take care of their desks and chairs.  

2. That play ________（put） on again sometime next month.  

3. The old man is ill. He ______ （must send） to the hospital.

4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ （sell） in this shop.  

5. What ___ a knife ______ （make） of?

  It _______________（make） of metal and wood.  

6. A Piano concert _____________（give） here last Friday.  

7. ______ the magazine ____（can take） out of  the library?

8. The room _____________ （clean） by me every day.  

9. The stars _____________ （can see） in the daytime.  

10. Some flowers __________（water） by Li Ming already.

11. These kinds of machines __________（make） in Japan.  

12. Apples _________ ________（grow） in this farm.  

13. Russian _______ ______ （learn）as the second language by some students in China.  

14. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ （use） by business people for travelling.  

15. The cinema ______ _____ （build） in 1985.

16. The bike  （must not put） here.  

17. A beautiful horse  （draw） by John next day.  

18. This kind of machine （can made） by uncle Wang.   

19. Mr. Green  （open） two new school.  

20. The PLA ______ ______ （found） on August 1st,1927.

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