中考英语连词讲义+习题.docx
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语法专项六—连词
一、连词的定义:
连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词,是虚词,因此它不能独立担任句子成分。
二、连词的分类:
连词主要分为两大类——并列连词和从属连词。
三、并列连词:
并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。
它包括:
and,or,but,so,for,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas.
(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,aswellas
(2)表选择关系的or,either…or
(3)表转折关系的but
(4)表因果关系的for,so
1、and:
和,并且
(1)表示“和”、“而且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,短语与短语,句子与句子。
Eg:
Hegotupandputonhishat.Eg:
IwenttotheSummerPalaceandhewenttoBeiHaiPark.
(2)单词或词组如果是三个以上连接,一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。
另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”
Eg:
MaryvisitedBeijing,ShanghaiandHongKong.
(3)and用于祈使句中,句型:
祈使句,and…=Ifyou…,you'll…
Eg:
Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindaway.
Eg:
Hurryup,andyou'llcatchthebus.=Ifyouhurryup,you'llcatchthebus.
2、or:
或,或者,否则
(1)or表示“或”的意思,用于两者之中选择一个。
Eg:
Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?
(2)注意“AorB”作主语时,谓语动词随or后面的词(B)而定。
Eg:
TomorIamright.Eg:
LiMingorhisclassmatesarecleaningtheroom.
(3)用于祈使句中,句型:
祈使句,or…=Ifyoudon't…,you'll…译成“请…,否则…”,
有转折的意思。
Eg:
Hurryup,oryou'llmissthebus.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llmissthebus.
Eg:
Studyhard,oryou'llfailintheexam.=Ifyoudon'tstudyhard,you'llfailintheexam.
3、but:
但是,可是,而
(1)但是,而,可是。
表示转折关系。
Eg:
Heisold,buthelooksveryyoung.(but后面省略了主语LiLi,因为与前面的主语成分相同)
Eg:
Marylikesviolin,butTomdoesn't.(doesn't后面省略了likeviolin,因为与前面的成分相同)
(2)在英文中,but和although不能在一起使用。
Eg:
Althoughitwasraininghard,buttheywentonworking.(错)
Eg:
Itwasraininghard,buttheywentonworking.(对)Eg:
Althoughitwasraininghard,theywentonworking.(对)
4、so,for
(1)so:
所以,因此,于是
Eg:
Myteacheraskedmetogo,soIwent.
(2)so除了作连词外,也可以作副词。
Eg:
Ihopeyoucanpasstheexam.Ihopeso.Eg:
Don'twalksofast.
(3)for:
因为
Eg:
Isoonwenttosleep,forIwastired.Eg:
Thesunhasrisen,forthebirdsaresinging.
5、both…and:
和,既……也……(两者都)
(1)both…and…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Eg:
BothLiMingandLiLiaregoodstudents.
(2)both…and的否定句表示部分否定。
Eg:
Hecan'tplayboththeviolinandthepiano.(不全会)
Eg:
BothLiMingandLiLiarenotgoodstudents.(其中一个是好学生)
6、either…or和neither…nor
(1)either…or:
或……或……;不是……就是……
1)either…or…构成的词组作为主语时,谓语动词随其邻近的词,即or后面的词而定。
(就近原则)
Eg:
Eitheryouorheisright.Eg:
Eithermysisterormymothercomes.
2)either···or的否定句是全否定。
Eg:
Eitheryouorheisn'tright.你和他都不对
Eg:
Idon'twanttovisiteitherTianjingorShanghai.天津和上海我都不想参观。
(2)neither…nor:
既不……也不……
1)构成的词组做主语时,谓语动词的用法和either…or的用法一样,由nor后面的词而定。
(就近原则)
Eg:
NeitheryounorIamright.Eg:
Neitheryounorhewasselectedforthejob.
2)neither···nor是全否定,因此不能再用否定式,即不能再加not。
Eg:
(×)NeitherYounorIamnotright.
7、notonly…butalso:
不但……而且
notonly…butalso构成的词组担任主语时,谓语动词随butalso后面的部分而定。
(就近原则)
Eg:
Notonlyyoubutalsoyourfatheriscoming.
Eg:
Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswereagainsttheplan.
8、aswellas:
又、不但···而且
(1)aswellas构成的词组担任主语时,谓语动词随前面的词而定。
(就远原则)
eg:
Jimaswellashisparentsjoinsintheparty.
(2)该句型可以和“notonly…butalso”互换,notonlyA…butalsoB=BaswellasA,前者强调的是B,在notonly之后,后者强调的也是B,在aswellas之前。
翻译时,要先翻译aswellas后面的词。
Eg:
Thechildisnotonlyhealthybutalsolively=Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.
这孩子既健康又活泼。
四、从属连词:
从属连词用来引导从句,它包括:
that,when,while,as,till,until,after,before,since,because,if,though,although,so…that,assoonas
常见的从属连词有:
1、that:
(1)that引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句,
Eg:
I think(that)helikesfootball.
(2)如果主句的动词是think,believe…;如果主句的主语是第一人称,变为否定句时,要否定主句,译成中文时,则否定从句。
(否定前移)
Eg:
Ibelieveyouwillleavehere.Eg:
Idon'tbelieveyouwillleavehere.
2、when,while,before,after,assoonas,till,until,since…
when,while,till,until,since,after,before,assoonas等是连接时间状语从句的连词。
当主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时。
(1)注意while所引导的从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的,不能用点动词。
(如begin,stop…)
Eg:
WhileIread,shesang.Eg:
Ienteredtheroomwhile(when)LiMingwastalkingwithher.
(2)since引导的是一个过去时的句子,说明自当时以来到现在(自从两年前以来),主句一般要用现在完成时。
Eg:
IhavelearnedmorethantwothousandEnglishwordssinceIbeganlearningEnglishtwoyearsago.
(3)till和until若主句的动词是终止性动词,则要用否定式。
Eg:
Ididn'tgotosleepuntil(till)Ifinishedmyhomework.
Eg:
Wewon'tworkuntil(till)ourteacherteachesushowtodoit.
Eg:
Hestayedtheretill/untilhismothercameback.
(4)Eg:
Whenhearrivesthere,hewillcallyou.
Eg:
HecametoChinaafterthewarwasover.=ThewarwasoverbeforehecametoChina.
Eg:
AssoonasIgetthepresent,I’lltellyou.
3、because:
因为,连接原因状语从句
(1)回答Why问句时,只能用because,不能用for或as.
Eg:
Whyareyoulate?
BecauseImetatrafficaccidentonmywayhere.
(2)汉语中,我们经常说因为……所以,但在英文中有了because,就不能再用so。
Eg:
(×)Becausehewastired,sohecouldn'twalkthere.
4、if,though(although)
(1)if:
如果(引导条件从句)
Eg:
Youcanpasstheexamifyoustudyhard.
(2)though,although:
虽然(引导让步状语从句)和原因状语从句一样,如果用了though,although(虽然)就不能再用but(但是)。
Eg:
Although(Though)Ilivenearthesea,I'mnotagoodswimmer.
=Ilivenearthesea,butI'mnotagoodswimmer.
5、so…that:
太……以致……
若that后跟的从句是否定从句,可以与too···to互换。
Eg:
Heissooldthathecan'twork.=Heistoooldtowork.
Eg:
TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tliftit.=Theboxistooheavyformetolift.
Eg:
Thegirlissobeautifulthateverybodylikesher.
注意注意此句型与too…to的互换。
so…that在肯定句中不能转换成too…to…。
代词专项习题
1. Going to the movies is good,________ I really only like listening to music.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
2. The tomato is in fact a fruit,________ it is eaten as a vegetable.
A. because B. if C. when D. although
3.Get up early,________ you’ll be late for school.
A.so B.and C.or D.but
4.________ my cousin is very young,________ she can help with the housework.
A. Once;不填B.Though;but C. Although;不填
5. I will be very happy ________ you come to my party.
A. if B. though C. or
6. He had a bad cold,________ he kept on working as usual.
A. so B. but C though
7. —What happened just now?
—A car hit an old lady at the crossing. She was hurt,________ not badly.
A. and B. or C. only D. but
8. ________ I live in a safe community,I still feel a little worried when I go out at night.
A. Although B. Since C. Until
9.Be quiet,my kids,________ you will have to stay outside,because this is a library.
A. and B. because C. or D. but
10.Be careful,________ you’llmake fewer mistakes in the exam.
A. or B. but C. and
11. Rose,you are so thin. You should eat more,________ you’ll make yourself ill.
A. or B. if C. and D. but
12. —You won’t pass the exam ________ you don’t work hard. —OK,I’ll do my best.
A. and B. but C. if D. so
13. A:
Do you like popular songs?
B:
Yes,I do.________ I’m too busy to enjoy them.
A. But B. So C. And
14. Work harder,________ you will not keep with others.
A. and B. or C. so
15.________ the winter in Harbin is rather cold,the city is still attractive to the visitors throughout the world.
A. Although B. But C. So
16. Be quick,________ we’ll be late for school.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
17. You’d better take care,________you will hurt your eyes.
A. so B. but C. or D. and
18. —I hear Tom is leaving. —________ why?
A. And B. But C. Or D. So
19. Hurry up,Tom,________ we’ll be late for the film Dearest.
A. or B. but C. and D. so
20.Leave the reference books behind,________ you won’t be able to think independently.
A. or B. and C. so D. but
21. can help us travel around more easily. ________ more and more people like using them.
A. Or B. So C.And D. But
22. —It is raining hard,________ the farmers are still working in the field. —So they are.
A. and B. but C. so
23. Write down the telephone number,________ you’ll forget it.
A. or B. and C. so
24. You’d better wake up Tom at 6:
30,_______ he will be late for the match.
A. if B. or C. and D. but
25.— Hello,Joyce,you are busy. Can I give you a hand?
—Thanks very much,________ I can manage.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
26.Mikedidsomethingwrong,_______theheadmasteristalkingwithhim.
A.soB.but C.andD.or
27.–Excuseme.Doyouhaveatablefortwo?
--I’msorry,______therearen’tanyseatsnow.Wouldyoumindwaitingforawhile?
A.butB.and C.orD.so
28.Stopcuttingtrees,_______theearthwillbecomeworseandworse.
A.andB.but C.orD.then
29.Doyouwanttostayathome_______goshoppingwithus?
A.andB.but C.orD.so
30.Thesongwas_______old_______fewyoungpeoplecouldsing.
A.enough;toB.so;that C.as;asD.too;to
31.Mr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,_______hecan’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.
A.so B.or C.butD.for
32.__________thesoldiers_________thecaptainhavebeentoGreecebefore.
A.Both…and B.Notonly…butalso C.Neither…nor D./….aswellas
33._______mymother________mysisterwatchesfootballgamesthesedays.
A.Either;nor B.Both;and C.Neither;norD.Neither;or
34.Mr.SmithisanEnglishteacher_______willteachusEnglishnextterm.
A.orB.and C.but D.so
35.Imaylive_______inahotel_______inafriend’shouse.
A.both;andB.either;or C.neither;nor D.between;and
36.I’msorry,_______Ican’thelpyouwithyourhomework.You’dbetterdoityourself.
A.andB.butC.or