新编英语教程book-4unit-4.ppt
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Unit4,Writebetweenthelines,CompanyLogo,Text1,Warming-UpActivityTextI:
authorTextI:
ComprehensionandAnalysisTextI:
AppreciationTextI:
furtheranalysisTextI:
LanguageStudyTextI:
reviewTextII,Whatdoesthetitlemean?
CompanyLogo,writebetweenthelinesnotasetphrase,apieceofgoodadviceonhowto“read”efficiently,readisreplacedwithwritetostresstheimportanceofwritingnotesandcommentswhileoneisreading,CompanyLogo,旧唐书徐有功传,“为政宽仁,不行仗罚”,“数犯颜争枉直”,“岳飞、文天祥、曾静、戴名世、瞿秋白、方志敏、邓演达、杨虎城、闻一多诸辈,以身殉志,不亦伟乎!
”,毛泽东批注,CompanyLogo,AnExampleofWritingbetweentheLines脂砚斋重评石头记,与石头记相辅相成,是不可缺少的补充。
CompanyLogo,黛玉方进入房时,只见两个人搀着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来,黛玉便知是他外祖母。
方欲拜见时,早被他外祖母一把搂入怀中,心肝儿肉叫着大哭起来。
【几千斤力量写此一笔。
】当下地下侍立之人,无不掩面涕泣。
【旁写一笔,更妙!
】众人见黛玉年貌虽小,其举止言谈不俗,身体面庞虽怯弱不胜,【写美人是如此笔仗,看官怎得不叫绝称赏!
】却有一段自然的风流态度。
【众人目中,只此一句足矣!
】宝玉早已看见多了一个姊妹,便料定是林姑妈之女,忙来作揖。
厮见毕归坐,细看形容,【又从宝玉目中细写一黛玉,直画一美人图。
】与众各别:
两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉,【奇眉妙眉,奇想妙想。
】一双似喜非喜含露目。
【奇目妙目,奇想妙想。
】态生两靥之愁,娇袭一身之病。
泪光点点,娇喘微微。
闲静时如姣花照水,行动处似弱柳扶风。
【至此八句是宝玉眼中。
】心较比干多一窍,【此一句是宝玉心中。
多一窍固是好事,然未免偏僻了,所谓“过犹不及”也。
】病如西子胜三分。
【此十句定评,直抵一赋。
不写衣裙妆饰,正是宝玉眼中不屑之物,故不曾看见。
黛玉之举止容貌,亦是宝玉眼中看、心中评。
若不是宝玉,断不能知黛玉是何等品貌。
】宝玉看罢,因笑【黛玉见宝玉写一“惊”字,宝玉见黛玉写一“笑”字,一存于中,一发乎外,可见文于下笔必推敲的准稳,方才用字。
】道:
【看他第一句是何话。
】“这个妹妹我曾见过的。
”【疯话。
与黛玉同心,却是两样笔墨。
】,脂砚斋全评石头记(.anintegralpartofthebook.),CompanyLogo,Readbetweenthelines,perceiveordetectahiddenorimpliedmeaning,asinTheysaythateverythingsfine,butreadingbetweenthelinesIsuspecttheyhavesomemaritalproblems.Thistermcomesfromcryptography(密码术),whereinonecodereadingeverysecondlineofamessagegivesadifferentmeaningfromthatoftheentiretext.,CompanyLogo,CompanyLogo,Referencesinclassicliterature,Thecountessssilencehadsubduedanddepressedher,buttheletter,allthatshereadbetweenthelinesinit,soexasperatedher,thismalicewassorevoltingbesideherpassionate,legitimatetendernessforherson,thatsheturnedagainstotherpeopleandleftoffblamingherself.AnnaKareninabyTolstoy,Leo,CompanyLogo,Referencesinclassicliterature,Torevealwhohereallywaswouldevenatthisdatesetthecountryinablaze;butasthosewhoreadbetweenthelinesmustalreadyhaveguessed,hehadbeenatafamouspublicschool;anditstraditionsstillclungtohimlikegarments,withwhichindeedtheyarelargelyconcerned.TheAdventuresofPeterPanbyBarrie,JamesMatthew,CompanyLogo,Referencesinclassicliterature,astarved,unlovedlifeshehadhad-alifeofdrudgeryandpovertyandneglect;forMarillawasshrewdenoughtoreadbetweenthelinesofAnneshistoryanddivinethetruth.AnneOfGreenGablesbyMontgomery,LucyMaud清秀佳人红发安妮(香港)、小孤女(中国大陸)绿色屋頂之家的安妮,CompanyLogo,writebetweenthelines,readbetweenthelines,-findmoremeaningthanthewordsappeartoexpress;-gathermoremeaningsfromatextthatarenotactuallystated,butimplied:
-领会隐含的意义,看出言外之意,writenotesandcommentsinthebookoneisreading,Whatdoesthetitlemean?
CompanyLogo,Whattypeofwritingisthistext?
Inwhatstyleisitwritten?
Text1:
Comprehension&Analysis,CompanyLogo,Argumentation,Exposition:
explain,informArgumentation:
Requirementsofargumentationadebatable/controversialtopicsufficientevidencegoodlogicgooduseoftheotherthreetypesofwritinganhonestandfriendlyattitude,CompanyLogo,Text1:
Comprehension&Analysis,Part1Part2Part3,STRUCTURE,(Para1):
Introduction,(Paras2-10):
Body,(Para11):
Conclusion,CompanyLogo,Part1(Para1):
IntroductionHowdoestheauthorintroducehistopic?
Whatstheauthorsassertion?
Text1:
Appreciation-introduction,CompanyLogo,Skimparas210forthemainidea,Text1:
Appreciation-body,CompanyLogo,Conclusion:
para11,Text1:
Appreciation-body,TextAppreciation,TextAppreciation,CompanyLogo,bluntlyspeakinginadirecthonestwaythatsometimesupsetspeoplee.g.Youredrunk,shesaidbluntly.Toputitbluntly,shesnotuptothejob.bluntnotsharporpointedoppositesharpe.g.abluntpencil,para2Icontendquitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove.,CompanyLogo,Contend(formal)1.argue,claim;tosaysthistrueespeciallyinanargumentSYNmaintainThedefensecontendedthattheevidencewasinadmissible.2.for:
Threearmedgroupswerecontendingforpower.(竞争,争取)3.contendwithsthtohavetodealwithaproblemordifficultsituation:
Therescueteamalsohadbadweatherconditionstocontendwith.,para2Icontendquitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove.,CompanyLogo,paraphrasingIargueplainlythatmakingmarksinabookisnotsomethingdonetospoilitbuttoshowitsworthandvalue.,para2Icontendquitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove.,CompanyLogo,insomesense在某种意义上inthecommonproperstrictliteralfigurativesense从通常本来严格字面比喻的意义上说loseonessense昏过去;发疯;失去理性makesense(话等)有意义,合有理asenseofhumour幽默感Inacertainsense,postgraduatestudentsarealsoresearchers.,para3Youdonotownthebeefsteakinthemostimportantsenseuntilyou.,CompanyLogo,para3“Youbuyabeefsteakandtransferitfromthebutchersiceboxtoyourown.Butyoudonotownthebeefsteakinthemostimportantsenseuntilyouconsumeitandgetitintoyourbloodstream.,Whatfigureofspeechisadoptedineachquotation?
analogy,CompanyLogo,Analogy类比,Likeasimileorametaphor,ananalogyisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikeasimileorametaphor,whichusuallyconcentratesononepointofresemblance,ananalogydrawsaparallelbetweentwodifferentthingsthatsharemorethanonesimilarqualityorpointofresemblance.Asafullyelaboratedcomparison,ananalogyprovidesamorethoroughcomparisonandcanbeameansoforganizingaparagraph,andperhapsevenawholeessay.,CompanyLogo,Unlikeasimileorametaphor,ananalogyfulfilsadifferentfunction.Insteadofevokingaqualityoremotion,itservestopersuadeorexplain.Peopleusesomethingfamiliarorconcretetoexplainsomethingunfamiliarorabstract.Geologists,forinstance,oftendescribesthestructureoftheearthscrustbycomparingthestratatothelayersofanonion.Writersalsooftenuseanalogyinanattempttoexplain,asinthefollowingexample:
Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,e.g.Gloveistohandasmonitoristocomputer.FursweretonorthAmericanaboriginalsascreditistoashopper.Noticehowtherearesimilaritiesinthetermsusedfirstandtheonesthattheyarecomparedto.Aglovehasasimilarrelationtoahandjustasamonitorhastoacomputer.FursservedasimilarfunctioninNorthAmericanaboriginalsculturesascreditprovidesinourshoppingworldoftoday.,Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,2西洋赶驴子的人,每逢驴子不肯走,鞭子没有用,就把一串胡萝卜挂在驴子眼睛之前、唇吻之上。
这笨驴子以为走前一步,萝卜就能到嘴,于是一步再一步继续向前,嘴愈要咬,脚愈会赶,不知不觉中又走了一站。
那时候它是否吃得到这串萝卜,得看驴夫的高兴。
一切机关里,上司驾驭下属,全用这种技巧;譬如高松年就允许鸿渐到下学期升他为教授。
自从辛楣一走,鸿渐对于升级这胡萝卜,眼睛也看饱了,嘴忽然不馋了,想暑假以后另找出路。
钱钟书围城第八章,Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,Pupilsaremorelikeoystersthansausages.Thejobofteachingisnottostuffthemandthensealthemup,buttohelpthemopenandrevealthericheswithin.Therearepearlsineachofus,ifonlyweknewhowtocultivatethemwithardorandpersistence.(SydneyJ.Harris,WhatTrueEducationShouldDo,1964),Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,standardsets:
setsofgoodbooksofrecognizedexcellence,para4,CompanyLogo,anelegantlyboundedition,dog-earedanddilapidatedbooks,CompanyLogo,Thethirdkindofbookownerspossessonlyafewormanybooks,buteveryoneofthemisworn,withthecornersoftheleavesfoldedover,andhasbecomelesstightlyboundbecauseofconstantuse.Therearemarksandinformallywrittennotesineachbookfromcovertocover.,para4Thethirdhasafewbooksormanyeveryoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,CompanyLogo,.,para6IdnomorescribblealloverafirsteditionofParadiseLostthanIdgivemybabyasetofcrayonsandanoriginalRembrandt!
CompanyLogo,ParadiseLost,JohnMilton,CompanyLogo,Rembrandtsselfportraits,CompanyLogo,Nowanordinarypieceoflightfictionlike,say,Gonewiththewind,doesntrequirethemostactivekindofreading.Butagreatbookrichinideasandbeautydemandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.Inthetwosentencesquotedabove,thetwowordsmeanthesameandcanbeusedinterchangeably.,para8require&demand,CompanyLogo,Thephysicalactofwriting,withyourhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Ifyouwritenotesinthebookyourself,thewordsandsentenceswillstandoutmoredistinctlyinyourmindandlastlongerinyourmemory.,para9,CompanyLogo,Scratchpad便条簿,para10,CompanyLogo,Presumably:
supposedly(tobetrue),itmaybereasonabletosupposethate.g.ToeveryonesdisappointmentJohnwasabsentfromthemeeting.Presumablyhewasbusywithhisnewproject.Hewillpresumablyresigninviewofthecompletefailureofhispolicy.,para11,CompanyLogo,Comprehensionisaprocessinvolvingbothreceptionandproduction.Ifyouremainacontainerreadyonlytoreceive,youcannotexpecttolearnverymuch.consistintobebasedonordependonsomethinge.g.Happinessdoesnotconsistinhowmanypossessionsyouown.consistofconsistwithtobecompatible;accorde.g.Theinformationconsistswithheraccount.,Textappreciation-ConclusionPara11Understandingisatwo-wayoperation;learningdoesntconsistinbeinganemptyreceptacle.,CompanyLogo,Theconclusion(para.11)Markingabookisanexpressionofthereadersagreementsordifferencesofopinionwiththeauthor.Thisservesasaconvincingending.,Textappreciation-Conclusion,CompanyLogo,Themainidea,Thisisatypicalpieceofargumentation.Thewritermakeshisintentionplainattheverybeginning:
toarguethatwritingbetweenthelinesisanefficientwayofreadingwhilepresentingdetailstosupporthisownargument,thewriterdoesnotignorethecounter-arguments.P69comments,CompanyLogo,Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetopossession.Gettingtheb