北京旅游.docx

北京旅游.docx

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北京旅游

景点

1．故宫

PalaceMuseumislocatedatthecenterofBeijing,formerlyknownastheForbiddenCity.AreMingandQingDynastypalace,uniquemasterpiecesofancientarchitecture,theworldlargestandmostcompleteancientbuildingcomplex.Hailedastheworld'stopfiveofthefirstTemple（BeijingPalaceMuseum,FranceChateaudeVersailles,BuckinghamPalaceinEngland,theUnitedStatesWhiteHouse,theRussianKremlin）.

PalaceMuseumwasfoundedintheyear1406,1420basiccompletionoftheyear,aretheMingemperorZhuDibuilt.故宫961meterslongfromnorthtosouthfromeasttowest753meterswide,coveringanareaofapproximately725,000squaremeters.Buildingareaof155,000squaremeters.Itissaidthatatotalof9999.5PalaceMuseum,theactualin1973,accordingtoexpertsatthescenemeasurement故宫hasmorethan90largeandsmallcourtyardsBlock,housing980hasatotalof8707（andthis"inter-"isnotNowadaystheconceptofroomhere,"between"referstofourHousingcolumnsformedbyspace）.Miyagisurroundedby12meterlongwallof3400meters,intheformofarectangularcity,outsidethewallthereis52meterswidemoatsurroundedbyafortifiedcastlebarriers.故宫palacebuildingarewoodenstructures,yellowglazedtileroof,greenWhiteheadbase,decoratedwithmagnificentpaintings.PalaceMuseumhasfourdoors,themainentranceoftheMeridianGate,EastGateof东华门,SimonXihuadoorofthenorthdoorof神武门.DoorfaceNorth神武门,usefulsoil,stonebuiltintotheJingshan,Manshan柏成林song.Intheoveralllayout,JingshanPalaceMuseumcanbesaidtobebuildingthebarrierbase.

PalaceMuseum'sbuildinginaccordancewithitslayoutandfunctionisdividedinto"outsideNorthKorea"and"imperial"twomajorparts."OutsideNorthKorea"and"imperial"todoforthecommunitydoor-ching,chingdofortheoutsidedoorsouthofNorthKorea,fortheimperialnorth.NorthKoreaoutsidethePalaceMuseum,imperialarchitectureoftheverydifferentatmosphere.

EthernetandoutsideNorthKorea,ChinaandBulgariaandthethreemainhallasthecenter,aretheemperorheldcourtplace,alsoknownas"former."Theexerciseofpowerarethefeudalemperor,theplaceheldgrandceremony.InadditionthetwowingsoftheEasthas文华殿,WenyuanPavilion,onXiaosihospital,South3;Westhas武英殿,suchasbuilding内务府.

Qingimperialtodo,JiaotaiHallafterthreekuininggongPalaceasthecenter,twowingsfortheAncestors,EastandWestliugong,vegetarianPalace,毓庆宫,aftertheImperialGardenhas.Feudalemperorsandimperialconcubinesarelivingforthecommunity.Easternimperial宁寿宫abdicatedemperorQianlongwasbuiltaftertheold-agepension.Hasthewesternimperial慈宁宫,Shou-AnTemple.InadditionhaveChonghuaPalace,Northbuilding,etc.5.

2．颐和园

SituatedinthewesternoutskirtsofHaidianDistrict,theSummerPalaceis15kilometers（9.3miles）fromcentralBeijing.Havingthelargestroyalparkandbeingwellpreserved,itwasdesignated,in1960bytheStateCouncil,asaKeyCulturalRelicsProtectionSiteofChina.Containingexamplesoftheancientarts,italsohasgracefullandscapesandmagnificentconstructions.TheSummerPalaceisthearchetypalChinesegarden,andisrankedamongstthemostnotedandclassicalgardensoftheworld.In1998,itwaslistedasoneoftheWorldHeritageSitesbyUNESCO.

3．北京798艺术区

　　TheareaoccupiedbyBeijing798ArtZonewasoncetheplaceforBeijingNorthChinawirelessjointequipmentfactory（namely,718JointFactory）,whichwasdesignedandbuiltbytheexpertsofformerG.D.Rinthe1950s.TheJointFactorywasdesignedtobebuiltin1952,constructedfrom1954,putintoproductioninOctober1957.

　　Thedesigningtaskofthe718JointFactorywasinthechargeofaGermanarchitecturalinstitutioninDessau,whichliedinthesamecitywithBauhausschoolatthattimeandtheytwosharedthesamearchitecturalspiritswhosemaincharacteristicsaremeetingthepracticaldemands;bringingthetechnicalandaestheticpropertyofnewmaterialsandnewstructureintoeffect;designingsimplyandcomposingpicturesvividlywithflexibility.ThatisthegenrewhatlatercalledBauhaus.

　　OnTheApril,1964,thesupervisorunitscanceledtheorganizationalsystemof718,established706,707,718,797,798and751.Theformersixfactoriesof700,706,707,718,797,and798werereorganizedandincorporatedintoBeijingSevenstarScienceandTechnologyCo.,LTDinDecember,2000.TocooperatethereformingplanofDashanziArea,theSevenGrouprentedouttheseplantsforshortterm.Attractedbyordereddesigning,convenienttraffic,uniquestyleofBauhausarchitecture,manyartorganizationsandartistscametorentthevacantplantsandtransformedthem,graduallyformedadistrictgatheredgalleries,artstudios,culturalcompanies,fashionshopsetc.Astheearliestareawheretheartorganizationsandartistsmovedinlocatedintheoriginalareaof798factory,thisplacewasnamedasBeijing798ArtZone.

北京798艺术区所在的地方，是前民主德国援助建设的“北京华北无线电联合器材厂”，即718联合厂。

718联合厂于1952年开始筹建，1954年开始土建施工，1957年10月开工生产。

　　718联合厂是由德国德绍一家建筑机构负责建筑设计、施工，这家建筑机构和当年的包豪斯学校在同一个城市，两者在建筑精神层面上是共通的。

其主要特点是：

注重满足实用要求；发挥新材料和新结构的技术性能和美学性能；造型简洁，构图灵活多样。

这种学派后来被称为包豪斯学派。

　　1964年4月上级主管单位撤消了718联合厂建制，成立了706厂、707厂、718厂、797厂、798厂及751厂。

2000年12月，原700厂、706厂、707厂、718厂、797厂、798厂等六家单位整合重组为北京七星华电科技集团有限责任公司。

为了配合大山子地区的规划改造，七星集团将部分产业迁出，为了有效利用产业迁出空余的厂房，七星集团将这部分闲置的厂房进行出租。

因为园区有序的规划、便利的交通、风格独特的包豪斯建筑等多方面的优势，吸引了众多艺术机构及艺术家前来租用闲置厂房并进行改造，逐渐形成了集画廊、艺术工作室、文化公司、时尚店铺，于一体的多元文化空间。

由于艺术机构及艺术家最早进驻的区域位于原798厂所在地，因此这里被命名为北京798艺术区。

美食

1．全聚德

QuanjudePekingRoastDuck



Theartofroastingducksevolvedfromtechniquesusedtopreparesuckingpigs.Formorethanacentury,specializedchefshavedevelopedtheideathattheskinoftheduckshouldbesosoftandcrispthatitmeltsinthemouth.Inapplyingthetraditionalmethodofpreparation,thechefsatQuanjudepayparticularattentiontothequalityoftheduck,theauxiliaryingredientsandthetypeofwoodburnedintheoven.SpecialfarmssupplyplumpBeijingducksweighinganaverageof2.5kilogramseach.ThetwofamousBeijingcondimentshops,LiubijuandTianyuan,supplythedarktangybeansaucespreadonthepancakes.Thefragrantsesameoilandrefinedsugararealsospeciallyselected.Finally,onlythewoodoffruittreessuchasdate,peachandpearareusedintheroastingprocesstogivethemeatitsuniquefragrance.

Thepreparationofthedishrequiresaseriesofcomplicatedsteps,whichincludeinflatingtheunbrokenskinlikeaballoonsothatitroastsjustright.Quanjudeemployschefswhospecializeinthesetechniques,whileotherchefspreparethenon-duckdishes.Whereasinthepasttherestaurant'sstaffnumberednomorethan40,ithasatpresentgrowntoover1,000.Amongthemarechefsandmanagerswithrecordsof40or50yearsoffaithfulservice.

Theslicingofthemeatfromthecarcassoftheduckisanartinitself.Askilledchefisabletocutbetween100and120slicesinfourorfiveminutes,eachslicewithanequalportionofbothskinandmeat.InventivenessisanotherqualitycultivatedatQuanjude.Oneseasonedchefhasmasteredmorethan80dishesmadefromtheduck'sinnards,head,wingsandwebs.Aselectionofthesedishes,whetherhot,cold,boiled,fried,stewedorpickled,willbethemakingsofanall-duckbanquet.

ThehistoryoftheroastduckcanbetracedbacktoasearlyastheYuanDynasty（1206-1368）whenitwaslistedamongtheimperialdishesintheCompleteRecipesforDishesandBeverages,writtenin1330byHuSihui,aninspectoroftheimperialkitchen.Detailsregardingthecookingprocesswerealsodescribedinthisearlycookbook.

Intheearly15thcentury,whentheMingDynastycapitalwasshiftedfromNanjingtoBeijing,roastduckremainedoneofthefamousdishesonimperialcourtmenus.Accordingtothelocalhistory,theearliestroastduckrestaurantinBeijingwastheoldBianyifangRestaurant,whichopenedduringtheJiajingreign（1522-1566）.Distinctfromthemethodinwhichtheduckishungfromahookintheceilingoftheovenandroastedoverandroastedoverburningwood,theOldBianyifangRestaurantroasteditsduckswithradiantheat.Thewallsoftheovenwerefirstheatedwithsorghumstalkswhereupontheduckwasplacedinsideandcookedbytheheatgivenoffbythewalls.Aduckroastedinthismanneriscrisptothetouchandgoldenbrowninappearance;itsfleshisbothtenderandtasty.

DuringtheQianlongperiod（1736-1796）,roastduckwasafavoritedelicacyoftheupperclasses.AccordingtoRecipesfromtheSuiyuanGarden,thefamouscookbookwrittenbythepoetandgourmetYuanMei,"Roastduckispreparedbyrevolvingayoungducklingonaspitinanoven.ThechefsofInspectorFeng'sfamilyexcelinpreparingthisdish."Otherscholars,afterdiningonroastduck,wereinspiredtopoetry.InonecollectionofoldBeijingrhymes（DuanZhuzhici）oneofthepoemsreads:

"Fillyourplateswithroastduckandsucklingpig."Anothercontemporaryannotationreads:

"Whenanofficialgivesabanquethewillchoosedishestopleaseeachofhisguests.Forexample,Bianyifang'sroastduck".

2．小吃，不是很详细

BeijingsnacksusedtobeveryfamousinBeijingintheolddays.Thekindofsnacksisvaried,therewereapproximatelymorethan200ofthem,butthemostofthesnacksarederivedfromChineseMuslims.BeanSoup（豆汁）isoneofthedistinguishedBeijingsnacks.Inmakingthebeansoup,theonlymaterialistheremainingsaftermakingTofu.Becauseofitslowprice,itwaswelcomedbythemajorityofBeijingers.BeanSouptastessour.IfyouarenotfamiliarwithBeijing,youwillhatethisatthefirsttaste.AnotherfamousMuslimstylesnackisSweetCake（糖火烧）.Itismadeofflourandredsugar.Itissweet,butwithnoharmtoyour