完整版仁爱版初中英语语法汇总.docx
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完整版仁爱版初中英语语法汇总
0仁爱版初中英语语法总结
初中语沬总结
一■名词
I.名词的和真i
专有名词
国:
呂_她名一人霑.
H休机枸名称
n:
故二R
个怵名词
规则
不可撬宕'同
IT.名词的瞰:
1.规则曙词的劇形貳’
客词的SLtm弍•一般在单数出戎后面加飞西玖轧祐成方症与读刍觐则列表如匸;
—乐IS况在伺屋Fr
V、s・乙clxsh结尾的名词后'tO-已
以£或f=
结压的加
变-f和-工为vRJbii-Cd
+n-5
F'.i-J
narireipSjscas亡es,iirl-girIsj.day~d.ays
e1css-elBs^rs^bcr-b^wruntrh-wn+chcs,
dish'dishss
letf-leives,thief-thieves,lo:
ife-knives,
1m£-IgsvcSj,^iferi廿e
be1ief~irLirfchief~chiefs,proof-proots^.
roofpgfNgulf-gulfc
/辅音字母址y结尾的名右变了为iW
二冒s:
—音鼻母力乔気匡的葫.或传有£曉以y结尾#L即~s
tojr-toySj
HeriryHenrys
-般加-时
her^^ieroesJHegrc-IJearoes*potatons^titoes(
lenaLo-±oniat口e■弓
不少艸来词11-5
pisii^pisiic«jiphcdo_phstcsfsuiiQ-aut*、
kllo^kllos■solo^sol^s
zero^©ras/zeroes.
voleanc-vclcar.oes/
T
以元音字母加p结忌的咅词;fl-5
radio^radlos^
hwib-io■hwibooEjzco~zoos
8
以"th结庵的答词加弋
truth-tTir-hs.,
pathnpathSi
ncuthFouths,morith-nontks,
2.不观刊名辽或认
_英信里有些名伺酌亘教赠式鼻爪规则的.珈归纳如下;丽
velcajjos;
例词
预吏習词t的兀咅宇衬戒頁衲刑式
jTiatmcTijwoiimnffcflftrni^feot^feet,goose-geese,
TOUise~mic&
uhtJepj.Jeer,Eerleigje归workt,filh,
Lipyuairujin#
aahci^trovrera,clothea;thanksccoda^clasrrn,
camau£、ccuIeat土
些隼佯名词总是曲咋貝欽
people,poLite*catt]^is^aff
audience,class,family^crowd,couple,group^coimitt&e,governcient,population,crew,teajiunabliCjenetry#party
custoirs(海关)#forces(军卩人),tires(R寸代),spirits(恃緖),drinks(tX料).sands(幻谡),papers(文件报妖),nnrmers(礼現)亠Looks(外表)#brains(头脑智力)》greensruins(废谑
加-S
Americans,Australians,CeTitnns,Greeks,Swedes,Eui-opeans
单复数同形
Smss.Portupvese.Chinese.Japsnese
1/ntan或Fgan结尾的改为
~ccn,-wciren
Qng1ishoeruFienchwoiten
将主体令词娈为复数
sons"in"la^,lookers~cn,passers~byJ
story-tellers,boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复费
gro^nmps,hovsewires,stopwatches
将两部分变外亘数
VFOTnensingers,menservants
III.名词的所有格,
6复釵形式喪示特别含义
乐“某【
入”
表示各自的所有关系H二各名词未屋均须加’£
袤云共有的所有关乘时在最后一词未s
丢戸蔓只冢瘩績;,历有格晟词音略
名词在句中表示声有关系的悟法形式叫做名词所有格。
月i右格分两和,一是名询询毘加,s构成.二是由介词oF加名词枸成。
前者多表不有生命的京百•后者多表示无生命的床西。
1.7sOB的构成.
单数名词芒末尾加's
theboy?
sfather.Jack*sbook,herson"in"lavr?
sphoto.
S"4vtr々4=)
一般在末辰加’
theteachers*roof^thetwins*nothcr.
不枳则复数名词后加'S
thechildren'stoys,wonenfsri§ht%
以s结用的人名序有格加'童或肴'
Dickens1novels,Charlesfsjeb,theSmithJhouse
Japan*sandAnerica*sproblens,JanesandMary*
sbikes
JapanandAnierica,sproblems^JaneandMarysfath<
thedocter's,thebarber1s,thetdiLor's#myuncle
2.'s所有格的用法.
表示时间
today"£ne\vsDaDer>fivekeeks'holiday
2
耒示自裁现彖
theearth"satmosphere,thetree'sbranches
3
表示国眾城市尊地方的名
thecountry^cdlan,theworld'cpooulaticn.China*sinduetTM
4
表示工作群体
theshipfscrew,majority*sviexsthetean/£victory
5
表示度量裁及价宦
amile9sjourney,fivedcLLars*worthofapples
6
与人类活动有特殊关系创名诃
theLife5stime,thep1ay?
splot
7
某些囿定词组
qbird'seyeview,astore'sthroveatone'swit'send(孑知所播)
s
3.of所有格的用法,
用于无生命的东西孑thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
用于有生命的帝耳尤其是有魏长定语时・theclassrounicofthefLrct-yeai*ctudentc用于名词化的词7thestruggleoftheoppressed
冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a,an)•定冠词(the).和衣冠词。
I.不定冠词的托法i
i
扌日类人或事,相当于akindof
Aplaneicamsohinethatoanfly.
2
弟一袂?
呈及某入臬物,非特指
Aboyiswaitingforycix
3
表示“母一”相当于every,cne
Wcstudyeighthoursadav.
4裘不’相同"相当干thesajne
Wearenearlyofanage・
用干人名rt.丢示不认识此人或耳某名人有类似性质的人或李
AMr.Smitheowtovisityouwhenyouwereowt
ThatboyLsratliei'aLeiFeng・
n
用干固主词组中
Acoupleof,abit,cneeuponatigLnaburr%haveawalk,m-nnyatime
用于quite,rather,nwiny,half,what,such之旨
Thisroanisratherabigone・
用Tsoas,t.hovr,十形容词N后
Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet・
II.定冠诃的用法.
表示某一类人或物
Thehorseisausefulanimal.
2
用于世上独一无二的事扔名词前
theuniverse,themoon#thePacificOcean
V
V
表示说话双方都了锌的或上交梅到过的人或孚
Wouldycumindeveningthedcor?
4
屋于乐誥前面
playtheviolin,playtheguitar
£
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
thereach,theliving,thewounded
(
表示"一泉人”或“夫妇"
theGreens,theVfengs
7
年于序数词和形容词別词比较级最高级前
Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.
用干国家党旅等決及江河湖海,山丿II群島的
theUnitedStates,theCoraniunistPartyofChina,theFrench
9用于裘示发明糊的单毅名词前
Thecorcpossvf0
1在遂十的免坟数词之前,指世圮的某个年代
inthe199)'s
1
1用于表示单位的吝词前
Ihiredthecarbythehour.
1幷于方位名词.务味部位名词,及表示时何
Hepattedineonthushoulder・
2
的词姐前
Ill.零冠词的用注,
专有名词・物质名词.抽象名词•人名地名等
百词前
BeijingIhiversit7/Jack,China,love,oir
各前有this,my,whose,sowe,no,each,
Ivnntthisboohnotthatma/Whosepurse
?
very等區制
isthis?
3季节,月粉,星朋,节假日,一日三餐前
March.Sinday,NationalDay.spring
4表示职位.身份.头衔的名词前
LincolnmadePresidento£Aacrica.
5学科,语言,球类.棋矣名词前
He1Ikesplayingfootball/chess.
6与by连用表示交适工具的名词前
bytrain,byair,byland
7以ad连接的两个相对的名词并用时
hasbandandwife,knifeandfork^daysnenight
3表示泛指的复数名词前
HorsesareusefulanLuaIs.
三.代词:
I.代词可以分为以下七大类.
A椒代
主格
I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
宾桔
ire,you,hinther,it,us.you,them
衣代
形容词性
ny,your,his,her,its.our,their
名词性
ciincjyour巧his,hers^its^curs,theirs
S反身代词
myself#yourself,himself,herself,itself^curge17cs#yuurseIves,theiuselves
i指示代词
this,that,these,those,such,some
5極间代词
who.vhonuwhose,which,必心Soever,-whichever,vhatever
6主系代词
that,A^ich,xsho,亦皿whose,as
7不定代词
one/soxe/any.each/every,nene/no.xany/rueh.few/1ittLe/afew/aliftle,
other/nnother,all/both,neithur/cither
II.不定代词用法注息点・
1・cnc,Dome与any:
1)5C可以迂儈任何人,也可特拒,复数为or.es。
多曲于肯定句,曲y多用干疑冋句和否定句。
Cheshouldlearntothinkofothers・
Haveyouanybookmarks?
No,rdor/thaveanybookmarks・
Ihavesonequestiengtoask.
2)ante可用干疑冋句中,表示盼埜得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等.
Wouldyou1ikesCouldycugivemesoneincney?
3)some和any修讳可数纟词甲数时,serre表亦某个,ar.y表不任何f、°
Ihavereedthisarticleinsceneinagazinc.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany・
4)灾狀和数词连用表示"大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度c
Thereareseme3,000studentsinthisschoo1・Doyoufeelanybetterteday?
2.each和ever7:
each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而沁工y强调密体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Eachstudenthawapocketdieticnary./Each(ofus)hasadietionary・/Weeachhaveadietionary.
Everystudenthrsstrong<-ndweakoolnts・/Evuryoneofushasstrongaids匕zk
points・
3.none和no:
g尊于anr,作走语。
none作主语或宾语,代普不可数名词,谓语用单数,代笞可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。
Thereisnowaterinthebotlle・
HownuohAiateristhereinthebottle?
IIone.
Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.
4.other利another:
1)other眨指"另外的,别的"常与其他词连冃,女lbtheotherday,everyothervreek,someotherreason,nootherway,
theother特指曲者中的另外一个.复数为thmothers^如:
HeheIdabookinotichandolidhisnotesintheother・
Twostudentsincurclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedthe巳wain
2)anotherIS“又一h另一个"无所抚复数形pothers,泛指“别的人或事”如
Idon'tlikethisshirt,pleaseshow时another(one).
ThetrousersarctooIcog,pleasegivencanotherp^ir/soneothers・
Somelikefootball,vdiilcotherslikebaskctball・
5・all和both,neither知either
示不可数名讶时,苴•胃语动词用单数・bah和"L加否定词表示郃分否定.全部吞定用neither和none.
AllofthebsksorcnotwitteniiiEnglish./Notsllofth^booksarcvvritteniningiisn.
Bothofusarcnottcachcrs./Notbothofusarctcachcrs・/Eitherofuo
is3teacher・
n.龙容词和測词
i.形容词:
1.形容词的位叠:
1)形容词作定语通常前苣,但在下列情阮石宣,
修饰soiDe,any,every,no才Ubody,thins,one星构成的复台不定代词时
nobodyabsent,everything
POSEible
以-朮匕_iblc结尾的形容词可置于有最高级°fcnly修饰的名词之后
thebcstbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleepW
theonlypersc^nawnke
4和空间、时间、单位连用时
abiidge50inctcislong
5成对的形容词可以后置
ahugeroomsiirplcanc
beautiful
6形容词短语一般涪置
amandifficulttogeton刃ith
2)多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:
代词
数词
性状形容词
冠词前冠词的形容抬示代词
序数词
基数词
性质状态
大小
长短
新旧温度
颜色
匡箱产地
材料
质地
名词
词
不定代词代词所有
格
形状
allboth
such
the
a
thisanother
your
second
next
one
four
beautifillgoodpoor
Largeshortsquare
new
cxl
black
yellow
Chinese
London
silk
stone
3)貝台形容词的构成,
开貂词十名诃+ed
kind-hearted
色词+形容词
world"famous
舷词4■形容词
dark-bluc
苕词+现在分词
peace-loving
形容词+现在分词
ordinary-looking
各词+过去分词
snow-covered
酗司+现在分词
hard-workin?
数词+名词心
three~egged
B1词卜过去分词
newlybuilt
0
麺词+名逼
twenty~yCiii・
II.副洞副词的分真,
吨用副词
soon.now.early,
finally,once,recently
5
须度副词
always,often,frequently.
ssldon,never
十験副词
here,nearby^outside,upwards,above
6
疑间副词
how,where,when,Miy
——
曲副词
hard,well,fast,
slowly,cxcitcdly,xeally
7
逵接副词
how,when,where,why,vcictlicx,however;mcoiiAiiilc
徨度副词
alnicct,nearlyvery,fairly,quite,rather
8
关系副词
^\hcn,Avhcrc,品y
III.形容词和副词比较等级:
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级.比较级和量高级。
比较级和最高级的构成一航是在形容词和副词后j]0・cr和~cst,多音节和一些双苜节词前Hinorc和ncsto
1.同级比较时常帛用as<,asMl^5notso(as),,as•,如*Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.
2.可以修怖比较级的词有:
nuch,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,ymt,byfar,any,agreatdeal-*
3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“血more,,themors八句型。
如iTheharderyouwork,thebctepregressyouwi11nake.
4.用比较级来祓达最咼级的意思。
女ILIhaveneverspentamoreworryingdoy・
5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
Ourschoolisthreetineslargerthanyours・/Ourschoolisfourtiiresaslargeasyours./Curschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.
6.羔最启程度"的形容词没有最高级和比较级o$0:
favourite,exoellent,extreme,perfeeto
5.介词
I.介词分类・
1简单介词
about,across,after,against,ancng.around,色below,heyend,during,in,on
2合成介词
inside,irrto,onto,outof,outside,throughout,upon,within,wi+hout
3短语介词
accordingto,becauseof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owin$to,thanksto
4双重介词
fromamong,frombehind,fror.under,tillaftcr,inbetween
金河转化成的介词
considering'就而论力including