超觉英语英语诵读与语法训练手册.docx

超觉英语英语诵读与语法训练手册.docx

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超觉英语英语诵读与语法训练手册

1.

2.

第二课职称英语的动词各种时态与阅读判断

一、动词时态的基本形式

1．一般现在时：

Itiscloudytoday．

　　　　Themoonmovesaroundtheearth

2．现在进行时：

Iamworking．

　　　　　Howareyoufeelingtoday?

3．一般过去时：

Whendidsheleave?

Iwasn'tinlastnight.

4．现在完成时：

Howmanypageshaveyoucoveredtoday?

I'veneverheardofanythinglikethat.

5．一般将来时:

I'llcomeunlessitrains.

Whoisgoingtospeakfirst?

6．过去进行时:

Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?

Wewerepickingcottonwhentheyarrived.

7．将来进行时:

I'llbeseeingyoutomorrow.

8．过去将来进行时:

HeaskedmewhatIwouldbedoingateightthenextevening.

9．过去将来时:

Hepromisedhewouldcomeontime.

Theyweresuretheywouldwinfinalvictory.

10．过去完成时：

Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.

Theyfulfilledtheplanearlierthantheyhadexpected.

11．将来完成时：

Howmanywordsshallwehavelearnedbytheendoftheterm?

12.过去将来完成时:

Hesaidhewouldhavefinishedreadingthebookbynextweek.

13.现在完成进行时:

Howlonghasitbeenraining?

I'vebeensittinghereallafternoon.

14.过去完成进行时：

Atlasttheygotthetelegramtheyhadbeenexpecting.

15.将来完成进行时：

Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.

16.过去将来完成进行时：

Hesaidthatthestudentswouldhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyearsbynextmonth.

练习:

例1.

（1）Since1939,numerousstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard.

（2）Thetrendoftheevidencehasbeenconsistentandindicatesthatthereisaserioushealthrisk.（3）Researchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubtthattobaccosmokingisassociatedwithashortenedlifeexpectancy.

（4）Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofsomeotherorgansofthebody.（5）Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.（6）Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.（7）Apartfromstatistics,itmightbehelpfultolookatwhatsmokingtobaccodoestothehumanbody.（8）Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporizedchemicals,minuteparticlesofashandothersolids.（9）Thereisalsonicotine,whichispowerfulpoison,andblacktar.（10）Assmokeisbreathedin,allthosecomponentsformdepositsonthemembranesofthelungs.（11）Onepointofconcentrationiswheretheairtubeandbronchusdivides.（12）Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.

（13）Filtersandlowtartobacco2areclaimedtomakesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlyslightlyreduce,noteliminatethehazards.（Smoking）

结论：

1．第1句2句3句现在完成时、第4句5句6句7句8句9句10句11句12句13句一般现在时、第7句过去将来时。

2．一般现在:

对文章的概括总结,对规律的表述

二、阅读判断

（一）题型介绍：

该部分为一篇300-450词左右的短文，题目是七个陈述句（statement）。

要求考生阅读原文，并根据原文所给的信息，判断每个陈述句是对（right）、错（wron9），还是未提及（notmentioned）。

（二）考查目标：

该部分主要考查应试者识别和判断信息的能力。

（三）解题步骤：

1、信息定位：

以题目中的关键词为线索，确定题目在原文中所处的段落；快速阅读该段落，找出段落中与题目相关的一句话或几句话。

关键词包括：

1）名词、名词短语

2）专有名词

3）形容词或副词

4）数字

5）比较或因果语言现象

2、对比判断：

确定题目在原文中的位置后，将段落中相关的一句话或几句话与题目比较、判断，确定正确答案。

判断依据

Right：

1）题目是原文的同义表达

2）题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成。

Wrong：

题目与原文不符。

包括：

关键词不符

肯定、否定不符

数字计算／理解／表达错误

指代错误

理解错误

时间错误

整句意思不符

使用了表示不同原因，条件和程度的状语

使用了表示不同频率，范围，可能性的词如：

must，all，always

Notmentioned：

题目中有些内容在原文中未提到。

（四）须注意的几点：

1）题目的判断应依据原文，不可凭借自己的知识来确定答案。

2）比较和判断应基于对原文的理解上，而不是单词与单词能对应上。

3）通常，题目／顷序与文章展开的顺序一致。

（五）例题讲解：

Right：

1）题目是原文的同义表达

2）题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成

例1.Since1939,numerousstudieshavebeenconductedtodeterminewhethersmokingisahealthhazard.Thetrendoftheevidencehasbeenconsistentandindicatesthatthereisaserioushealthrisk.Researchteamshaveconductedstudiesthatshowbeyondallreasonabledoubtthattobaccosmokingisassociatedwithashortenedlifeexpectancy.

Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofsomeotherorgansofthebody.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.Apartfromstatistics,itmightbehelpfultolookatwhatsmokingtobaccodoestothehumanbody.Smokeisamixtureofgases,vaporizedchemicals,minuteparticlesofashandothersolids.Thereisalsonicotine,whichispowerfulpoison,andblacktar.Assmokeisbreathedin,allthosecomponentsformdepositsonthemembranesofthelungs.Onepointofconcentrationiswheretheairtubeandbronchusdivides.　Mostlungcancerbeginsatthispoint.

Filtersandlowtartobacco2areclaimedtomakesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlyslightlyreduce,noteliminatethehazards.（Smoking）

判断:

1.Smokingreducesone'slifeexpectancy.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

2.Smokingmayinducelungcancer.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

3.Nicotineispoisonous.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

例2.Sureenough,GaussianfoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwas

significantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.ThiswastrueinbothhighandIowa-incomefamilies.Even　babiesboomtopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,"saysGaussian.

Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbamathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygen2beforebirth.　"Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunborn　child?

saysGaussian.（DangersAwaitBabieswithAltitude）

判断:

1.Grissinididnotexpecttofindthattheweightofababyhadlittletodowiththe　financialconditionsofthefamilyhewasborninto.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

2.Theweightofanewbornhastodowiththesupplyofoxygenevenwhenhewasstill　inhismother'swomb.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

例3.Everwonderedwhywehavefivefingers,notsixorseven?

Bystudyingmicewithextra　digits,aBritishresearcherthinkshehasfoundtheanswer.Ifanimalsgrowmorethanfivedigits,　hesays,theirotherlimbbonesgetdistortedtosuchanextentthattheycan'twalkorrunproperly,　dramaticallyaffectingtheirabilitytocatchpreyandfleefrompredators.（FiveIstheMagic　Number）

判断:

1.Theresearcher,ChrisHayes,believesthatextradigitscanseriouslyaffectanimals'　opportunityofsurvival.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

例4.Butanimalscaneasilycopewithfewerdigits,itseems.Hoofedanimalssuchashorses　essentiallywalkonthetipofafingerthathasbeencoveredwithahoofinthecourseofevolution,　saysHayes,whonowworksatMerckSharp&Dohmer'sNeuro-scienceResearchCentrein　Harlow,Essex."Soyoucandecreasedigitnumberandstillincreaseevolutionaryadvantage,"he　says.

Hebelievesthatifthereverseweretrue,3animalswithmorethanfivedigitswouldbe　abundantinnature.Forexample,thepandahasfivedigitsoneachpawplusanextrapadonits　wristforsteadyingbambooshootsasiteats.Why,Hayesasks,didn'tthepandasimplydevelopa　coupleofextradigitstoholdthebamboo?

"Theremustbesomereasonwhythatanimalwouldnot　haveprosperedwithmorethanfivedigits,"hesays.（FiveIstheMagicNumber）

判断：

1.Animalscangraduallyadapttofewerdigitsthanfiveinthecourseofevolution.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

2.Hayesisnotyetabletoexplainwhythepandahasfivedigitsplusapadinsteadof　havingsixdigitsonitspaw.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

Wrong:

题目与原文不符。

包括：

关键词不符

肯定、否定不符

数字计算/理解/表达错误

指代错误

理解错误

时间错误

比较对象错误

整句意思不符

使用了不同的原因、条件、程度状语

使用了表示不同频率，范围，可能性的词如：

must,all,always

例1:

TheArcticisapolarregion.ItsurroundstheNorthPole.

LikeAntarctica,theArcticisalandoficeandsnow.Antarcticaholdstherecordforalow　temperaturereading....125degreesFahrenheitbelowzero.Readingsof85degreesbelowzero　arecommoninboththeArcticandAntarctica.Wintertemperaturesaverage30degreesbelowzero　intheArctic.AttheSouthPolethewinteraverageisabout73degreesbelowzero.（TheCold　Place）

判断:

1.Wintertemperaturesaverage85degreesbelowzeroinAntarctica.

A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned

例2.Asmanyas20%ofallchildrenintheUnitedStatessufferfromsomeformofthelearning　disordercalleddyslexia.（Dyslexia）

判断:

1oOneoffiveAmericanchildrensuffersfromdyslexia.

A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned

例3:

Itisverydifficulttosayjustwhencolonizationbegan.Thefirsthundredyearsafter　ChristopherColumbus'sjourneyofdiscoveryin14921didnotproduceanysettlementonthe　NorthAmericacontinentbutrathersomeSpanishtradingpostsfurthersouthern,agreatinterestin　itoriginallyfromGenoabutacitizenofVenice,wasestablishedasatraderinBristor,England,　whenhemadeajourneyin1497.Buthisship,theMatthew,withitscrewofeighteen,didnomorethanseeanisland5（probablyofftheNewEnglandcoast）andreturnhome.HeandhissonmadefurthervoyagesacrossthenorthAtlanticwhichenabledtheEnglishcrowntoclaima"legal"titletoNorthAmerica6.ButforalongtimeafterwardstheEuropeans'interestinAmericawasmainlyconfinedtotheSpanishactivitiesfurthersouth.（TheFirstSettlementinNorthAmerica）

判断:

1.TherewereeighteenpeopleonboardtheMatthewduringitsvoyagetoNorthAmericain1497.

B.WrongC.Notmentioned

thatcolonizationbeganattheendofthe

B.WrongC.Notmentioned

例4:

Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandcancerofthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedto