高考英语短文改错分类解析-非谓语动词.docx
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一、考点规律分析
短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词),并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形)等。
二、真题单句归纳
(1)DavidandIwantedgoofftofindhelpbutBillinsistedonstayingnearthecar.(wanted后加to,因为want后要接不定式)(全国卷)
(2)…ratherthangointotheforestandgettinglost.(getting改get,因为get与其前的go并列)(全国卷)
(3)Davidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtwouldprobablyleadingtoavillage.(leading改为lead,因为其前有助动词would)(全国卷)
(4)IwentbacktogetDavidandhelpedhimtostoodup.(stood改为stand,因为tostandup在此为不定式结构)(全国卷)
(5)CharlesandLindaMasondoallofthesethingsaswellasclimbedbuilding.(climbed改为climb/climbing,若将aswellas视为连词,则将climbed改为climb,因为它与其前的do并列;若将aswellas视为介词,则climbing,因为介词后动词用动名词)(全国卷)
(6)Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveinclearersurroundings.(去掉live前的to,因为live与其前的know,have并列)(全国卷)
(7)TheWorldHealthOrganizationand otherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthalloverthe world.(improve前加to,toimprove…为表目的的不定式短语)(全国卷)
(8)…youpaythecostofsendapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.(send改为sending,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(全国卷)
(9)…andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned(去掉know前的to,因为其前有动词let)(全国卷)
(10)Iwanttothankyouagainforhavemeinyourhomeforthesummerholidays.(have改为having,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(全国卷)
(11)Ihadalwayswantedreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.(return前加to,因为want后要接不定式)(全国卷)
(12)Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(drove改为drive,因为drive与其前的tomeet并列,此处的drive为省略to的不定式)(全国卷)
(13)Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(hear改为hearing,因为其前的to是介词)(全国卷)
(14)Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.(第一个play改为playing,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(全国卷)
(15)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday’sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.(watch改为watching,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(全国卷
(16)I’dlikeverymuchcomebutIhaveanexaminationonMondaymorning.(come前加to,因为wouldlike后接不定式)(北京春季卷)
(17)I’llspendthewholeweekendreadingandprepareforit.(prepare改为preparing,因为它与其前的reading并列,与其前所用的动词spend有关)(北京春季卷)
(18)Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysterieslookinto.(look前加to,此处为不定式作后置定语)(北京春季卷)
(19)Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.(learn改为learning,因为介词后接动名词作宾语)(北京春季卷)
(20)MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.(make前加to,因为tomake…在此用作目的状语,注意句型doallonecantodosth)(全国卷)
(21)Hedidnotwantsharethingswithotherpeople.(want后加to,因为want后要接不定式)(北京春季卷)
(22)Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.(making改为made,因为缺谓语,不能用非谓语形式,根据上下文用一般过去时)(北京春季卷)
(23)Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.(visiting改为visited,因为它与其前的fed和其后的told并列)(全国卷)
(24)Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.(go改为going,因为动词原形不能用作主语)(安徽春季卷)
(25)…childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.(read改为reading,因为介词后要接动名词)(年北京春季卷)
(26)…tomakechildrentowantthingsthattheydon’treallyneed.(去掉want前的to,因为want…在此用作使役动词make的宾语补足语)(年北京春季卷)
(27)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.(talk改为talking,因为动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语)(全国卷)
(28)Shakeherhead,shesaid,“Itisn’tagoodtimetodothat,dear.”(Shake改为Shaking,现在分词表伴随)(江苏卷)
(29)It’slikegoingtoahugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofindyourbooks.(have改为having,介词后用动名词作宾语)(广西卷)
(30)IamthinkingofmakingatriptoLondon,andvisittheBritishMuseumandsomeparks.(visit改为visiting,因visit与making并列,作介词of的宾语)(四川卷)
(31)Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.(giving改为given,“把某物给某人”是givesthtosb;句中records与give是被动关系,故用过去分词)
(32)Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.(give改为giving,因它与standing并列,作dreamof的宾语)
三、模拟单句演练
(1)Inthosedayswewereforcedworktwelvehoursaday.
(2)It’sverydifficultforaforeignerlearnChinese.
(3)Itwassillyofyoubelievewhathesaid.
(4)Hewasmadewashtheboss’scaronceaday.
(5)I’llletyoutoknowassoonasIhearfromher.
(6)Iwavedtoherbutfailedattractherattention.
(7)Ihavealreadyseenthefilmtwice.Idon’twantseeitanymore.
(8)WhatIwantknowiswhenallthishappened.
(9)Itwasclearthathewantedbealone.
(10)Mostchildrenareinterestedinlistentostories.
(11)Walkquicklyisdifficultforanoldman.
(13)Becarefulincrossthestreet.
(14)Thefilmisveryinteresting.Itisworthseetwice.
(15)Findworkisverydifficultthesedays.
(16)MostofusstudentsenjoyaskquestionsinEnglish.
(17)Look,someofmyclassmatesarepractisingspeakEnglishoverthere.
(18)Teachachildtosinganddanceisveryinteresting.
(19)LearntospeakEnglishismoredifficultthantowriteit.
(20)MyfriendJimisverygoodatmakingthingsandrepairthings.
(21)Hedecidedtogotothesouth,findagoodjobandlivingthere.
(22)Itwasverykindofyoutobuyussomemuchfruitandseeingusatthestation.
(23)Excuseme,wouldyoutotellmethewaytothezoo?
【参考答案】
(1)work前加to,此句为forcesbtodosth的被动形式。
(2)learn前加to,此句用的是it’sdifficultforsbtodosth句型。
(3)believe前加to,此句用的是it’ssillyofsbtodosth句型。
(4)wash前加to,makesbdosth中的do不能带to,但若make用于被动语态,则其后的do要带to。
(5)去掉to,因为let后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to。
(6)attract前加to,failtodosth意为“未能做某事”。
(7)see前加to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
(8)know前加to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
(9)be前加to,want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。
(10)listen改为listening,介词后接动名词作宾语。
(12)Walk改为Walking,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。
注意不能将walk视为名词,因为其后有副词修饰语quickly。
(13)cross改为crossing,介词后接动名词作宾语。
(14)see改为seeing,worth后接动词要用动名词形式。
(15)Find改为Finding,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。
(16)ask改为asking,enjoy后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。
(17)speak改为speaking,practise后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。
(18)Teach改为Teaching,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。
(19)Learn改为Learning,用作主语要用动名词,不用动词原形。
(20)repair改为repairing,因它与making并列,一起用作介词at的宾语。
(21)living改为live,因它与其前的goto…,find…并列。
(22)seeing改为see,因它与tobuy并列,see为省略to的不定式。
(23)去掉tell前的to,因wouldyou…后应接动词原形,不接不定式。