语言学复习资料-音系学(英语)Word格式文档下载.doc

语言学复习资料-音系学(英语)Word格式文档下载.doc

《语言学复习资料-音系学(英语)Word格式文档下载.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语言学复习资料-音系学(英语)Word格式文档下载.doc（6页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

thethroat,themouthandthechest. 

9.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing. 

10.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest. 

11. 

Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar. 

12. 

Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:

thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels. 

13. 

Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels. 

14. 

Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme. 

15. 

Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning. 

16. 

Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories. 

17. 

Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning. 

18. 

Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast. 

19. 

Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific. 

20. 

Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21． 

A____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds. 

22． 

A___________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer. 

23． 

Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_______sounds. 

24．Ofallthespeechorgans,thet____isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother. 

25．Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp_______ofarticulation. 

26．Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas________. 

<

!

[endif]>

27．S_________featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone,intonation,etc. 

28．Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds____rules. 

29．Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscriptionwhilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalledn_________transcription. 

30． 

Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi_________. 

31．P___________isadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomeaningfulunitstoeffectlinguisticcommunication. 

32．Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantcavities:

thepharyngealcavity,theo_______cavityandthenasalcavity. 

33． 

T_______arepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcordsandwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes. 

34．Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:

wordstressands_________stress.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachofthestatementsbelow.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

35．Ofallthespeechorgans,the_______is/arethemostflexible.

A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords 

36．Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds. 

A.voicelessB.voiced

C.vowelD.consonantal

37．__________isavoicedalveolarstop.

A./z/B./d/

C./k/D./b/ 

38．Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones____________.

A.identicalB.same

C.exactlyalikeD.similar 

39． 

Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe___________.

A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistribution

C.theallophonesD.minimalpair 

40． 

Thesound/f/is_________________.

A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop

C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative

41. 

A____vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition. 

A.backB.central

C.frontD.middle 

42.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled____________.

A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituents

C.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures 

43.A（n）___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

A.phoneB.sound

C.allophoneD.phoneme 

44．Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe____ofthatphoneme.

A.phonesB.sounds

C.phonemesD.allophones 

IV.Definethetermsbelow:

45.phonology46.phoneme47.allophone48.internationalphoneticalphabet49.intonation50.phonetics51.auditoryphonetics52.acousticphonetics53.phone54.phonemiccontrast55.tone56.minimalpair

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary:

57. 

Ofthetwomediaoflanguage,whydoyouthinkspeechismorebasicthanwriting?

58. 

Whatarethecriteriathatalinguistusesinclassifyingvowels?

59. 

Whatarethemajordifferencesbetweenphonologyandphonetics?

60. 

Illustratewithexampleshowsuprasegmentalfeaturescanaffectmeaning.

61. 

Inwhatwaycanwedeterminewhetheraphoneisaphonemeornot?

l.T2.F3.F4.F5.T6.T7.F8.F9.T10.F

11.F12.T13.F14.F15.F16.F17.T18.F19.T20.T

21.Aspiration22.Articulatory23.bilabial24.tongue25.place

26.stop27.Suprasegmental28.sequential29.narrow30.intonation

31.Phonology32.oral33.Tone34.sentence

35.C36.A37.B38.D39.A40.D41.C42.C43.D44.D

45.phonology:

Phonologystudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguage;

itaimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.

46.phoneme:

Thebasicunitinphonologyiscalledphoneme;

itisaunitofdistinctivevalue.Butitisanabstractunit.Tobeexact,aphonemeisnotasound;

itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.

47.allophone:

Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.

48.internationalphoneticalphabet:

Itisastandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemofphonetictranscription.

49.intonation:

Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.

50.phonetics:

Phoneticsisdefinedasthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;

itisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'

slanguages

51.auditoryphonetics:

Itstudiesthespeechsoundsfromthehearer'

spointofview.Itstudieshowthesoundsareperceivedbythehearer.

52.acousticphonetics:

Itstudiesthespeechsoundsbylookingatthesoundwaves.Itstudiesthephysicalmeansbywhichspeechsoundsaretransmittedthroughtheairfromonepersontoanother.

53.phone:

Phonescanbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.Aphoneisaphoneticunitorsegment.Itdoes