精益西格玛英文缩略语文档格式.docx

精益西格玛英文缩略语文档格式.docx

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%R&

R

Gage%RepeatabilityandReproducibility

AddresseswhatpercentoftheTotalVariationistakenupbymeasurementerror.

AffinityDiagram

Amanagementtoolthatassistswithgeneralplanning.Itmakesdisparatelanguageinformationunderstandablebyplacingitoncardsandgroupingthecardstogetherinacreativemanner."

Header"

cardsareusedtosummarizeeachgroup.

ANOVA

AnalysisofVariance

Hypothesistestusedtoanalyzethedifferenceinmeansbetweentwoormoresamples.

Assessment

Asystematicprocessofcollectingandanalyzingdatatodeterminethecurrent,historicalorprojectedstatusofanorganization.

AssignableCause

Thenameforthesourceofvariationinaprocessthatisnotduetochanceandthereforecanbeidentifiedandeliminated.

Audit

"

Theinspectionandexaminationofaprocessorqualitysystemtoensurecompliancetorequirements.Auditcanapplytoanentireorganizationorbespecifictoafunctionorproductionstep."

（Dr.JosephM.Juran）

BaselineMeasurement

Abeginningpointbasedonanevaluationoftheoutputoveraperiodoftimetodeterminehowtheprocessperformspriortoanyimprovementeffort.

Benchmarking

Theprocessoffindingandadaptingbestpracticestoimproveorganizationalperformance.

BestPractice

Asuperiormethodorinnovativepracticethatcontributestoimprovedperformance.

BB

BlackBelt

AprocessimprovementprojectteamleaderwhoistrainedandcertifiedintheSixSigmabreakthroughmethodologyandtoolsandwhoisresponsibleforprojectexecution.

Boxplot

Agraphicsummaryofadistributionwheretheoveralldispersionandthecentraltendencyormeanofthedataarehighlighted."

（ArturoOnnias）

Brainstorming

Anidea-generatingtechniquethatusesgroupinteractiontogeneratemanyideasinashorttimeperiod.Ideasaresolicitedinanon-judgmental,unrestrictedmannerfromallmembersofagroup.

BVA

BusinessValueAdded

TermusedinValueAnalysisofaprocess.Designatesaprocessstepthatthebusinessrequirestostayinbusiness.

Capability

Thetotalrangeofinherentvariationinastableprocess.Itisdeterminedusingdatafromcontrolcharts.

Capabilityindex

Acalculatedvalueusedtocompareprocessvariationtoaspecification.ExamplesareCp,Cpk.Canalsobeusedtocompareprocessestoeachother.

Cause

Anestablishedreasonfortheexistenceofadefectoraproblem.

C/EorC&

E

CauseandEffectMatrix

Prioritizationmatrixusedtoassistinfocusinginontherootcausesofprocessproblems.

CentralTendency

Thetendencyofdatagatheredfromaprocesstoclustertowardamiddlevalue,somewherebetweenthehighandlowvaluesofmeasurement.

Champion

Anupperlevelbusinessleaderwhofacilitatestheleadership,implementation,anddeploymentoftheprocessqualityinitiativeandbreakthroughphilosophies.

Charter

Awrittencommitmentbymanagementstatingthescopeofauthorityforanimprovementgroup.Resources,includingtimeandmoney,arespecificallyaddressed.

Checksheet

Aformforrecordingdataonwhichthenumberofoccurrencesofaneventcanberecordedasticksorchecks.

CodeofConduct

Expectationsofbehaviormutuallyagreeduponbyateam.（Alsocalled"

norms"

or"

rulesofengagement."

）

CommonCause

Asourceofprocessvariationthatisinherenttotheprocessandiscommontoallthedata.

CI

ConfidenceInterval

Anintervalthatcanbesaid,withX%certainty,tocontainthetrueprocessmeanorstandarddeviation.“Weare95%confidentthatthetrueprocessmeanisinthisinterval.”

Conformance

Thestateofmeetingand/orexceedingcustomerrequirementsandexpectations.

Consensus

Astatewhereeveryoneinthegroupsupportsanactionordecision,evenifsomeofthemdon'

tfullyagreewithit.

ConsensusDecision

Adecisionmadeafterallaspectsofanissue,bothpositiveandnegative,havebeenreviewedordiscussedtotheextentthateveryoneopenlyunderstands,supportsandparticipatesinthedecision.

Control

Keepingaprocesswithinboundaries;

minimizingthevariationofaprocess.

ControlChart

Aproblemsolvingstatisticaltoolthatindicateswhetherthesystemisinoroutofcontrol,asdeterminedbycomputedcontrollimits.

ControlLimits

Definesnaturalboundariesofaprocesswithinspecifiedconfidencelevels"

[uppercontrollimit（UCL）,andlowercontrollimit（LCL）definedonacontrolchart].（J.R.Russell）

Cost-benefitAnalysis

Awaytocomparethecostsandbenefitsofplans.Canbeusedforcomparingthefinancialoutcomesofdifferentactionsanddeterminingifaparticularactionmakessensefinancially.

COPQ

CostofPoorQuality

Costassociatedwithpoorqualityproductsorservices.Examples:

Productinspection,Sorting,Scrap,Rework,andFieldComplaints.

Cp

ProcessCapabilityIndex

Acalculatedvalueusedtocompareprocessvariationtoaspecification.Canalsobeusedtocompareprocessestoeachother.

CPD

CustomerPercentDefective

Thepercentageofproductsorservicesthataresuccessfullycompletedonthefirstattemptwithoutrequiringremedialactionorrework.

Cpk

ProcessCapabilityIndex–notcentered

Countermeasure

Actiontakentocountertheverifiedrootcauseofaproblem.

CriticalCharacteristic

Acharacteristicdependentonthefunctioningofbudgetconstraints,competitiveedgeand/orcustomersatisfactionoftheproduct.

CriticalDependencies

Theinterrelationshipsexistingwithinoramongprocessesthatareprimarydriversofdefectsorerrorsinaproductorservice.

CPIV

CriticalProcessInputVariable

Thevitalfewprocessinputvariablesthathavethegreatesteffectontheoutputvariable（s）ofinterest.Theyarecalled“X’s”,normally2–6truecriticalvariables.

CrossFunctional

Atermusedtodescribeindividualsfromdifferentorganizationalunitsorfunctionsthatarepartofateamtosolveproblems,plan,anddevelopsolutionsaffectingtheorganizationasasystem.

CVA

CustomerValueAdded

TermusedinValueAnalysisofaprocess.Designatesaprocessstepthatthecustomeriswillingtopayfor.

CT

CycleTime

Theaveragetimefromaunitenteringtheprocessuntilitiscompletedasafinishedgood.

CTQ

CriticaltoQuality

ArequirementthatacustomervaluesisconsideredCriticaltoQuality.Whatthecustomerpaysfor.

Defect

Anyinstanceoroccurrencewheretheproductorservicefailstomeetcustomerrequirements

DefectOpportunity

Atypeofpotentialdefectonaunitofthroughput（output）thatisimportanttothecustomer（i.e.Specificfieldsonaformthatcreatesandopportunityforerrorthatwouldbeimportanttothecustomer）.

Defective

Anyunitwithoneormoredefects.SeealsoDefects

DMAIC

Define,Measure,Analyze,Improve,Control

5stepsduringaSixSigmaproject

DMADVorDMADVI

Define,Measure,Analyze,Design,ValidateorDefine,Measure,Analyze,Design,Verify,Implement

Newprocessdesigntool.CommonlyusedacronymforDesignforSixSigmamethods.

DOTWIMP

Defects,Overproduction,Transportation,Waiting,Inventory,Motion,Processing

Sevenwastes

DPMO

DefectsPerMillionOpportunities

Thenumberofdefectsineverymillionopportunities.Bytakingintoaccountopportunitiesfordefects,andnotjustdefects,wecancompareprocessesofdifferingcomplexity.

DPU

DefectsPerUnit

Thenumberofdefectsinaunitorproduct.Thismeasuredoesnottakeintoaccountthenumberofopportunitiesfordefects,justthenumberofdefects.

DOE

DesignofExperiments

Anefficientmethodofexperimentationwhichidentifies,withminimumtesting,factors（keyprocessinputvariables）andtheiroptimumsettingsthataffectthemeanandvariation.

Empowerment

Actofplacingaccountability,authority,andresponsibilityforprocessesandproductsatthelowestpossiblelevel.Whetherornotapersonistrulyempowereddependsontheiracceptanceofresponsibilityandaccountability,theircapabilities,andtheseriousnessoftheconsequences.

ENT

Entitlement

Thebestaprocessmeasurecouldbe.

ExternalFailure

Nonconformanceidentifiedbyexternalcustomers.

F

Functionrelatingprocessinputstoprocessoutputs

Y=F（x1,x2,x3,……）

FMEA

FailureModesandEffectsAnalysis

Methodusedinmeasuretounderstandrisksoffailureinaprocess.

FireFighting

Theactivityofgettingridofsporadicqualitytroublesandrestoringthestatusquo."

FPY

FirstPassYield

Five“whys”

Atechniquefordiscoveringtherootcause（s）ofaproblemandshowingtherelationshipofcausesbyrepeatedlyaskingthequestion"

Why?

Gagebias（Accuracy）

Thedifferencebetweenthetrueorreferencevalueandtheobservedaverageofmultiplemeasurementsoftheidenticalcharacteristiconthesamepart.

Gag