新编英语教程book-4unit-4PPT文件格式下载.ppt

新编英语教程book-4unit-4PPT文件格式下载.ppt

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”,毛泽东批注,CompanyLogo,AnExampleofWritingbetweentheLines脂砚斋重评石头记，与石头记相辅相成，是不可缺少的补充。

CompanyLogo,黛玉方进入房时，只见两个人搀着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来，黛玉便知是他外祖母。

方欲拜见时，早被他外祖母一把搂入怀中，心肝儿肉叫着大哭起来。

【几千斤力量写此一笔。

】当下地下侍立之人，无不掩面涕泣。

【旁写一笔，更妙！

】众人见黛玉年貌虽小，其举止言谈不俗，身体面庞虽怯弱不胜，【写美人是如此笔仗，看官怎得不叫绝称赏！

】却有一段自然的风流态度。

【众人目中，只此一句足矣！

】宝玉早已看见多了一个姊妹，便料定是林姑妈之女，忙来作揖。

厮见毕归坐，细看形容，【又从宝玉目中细写一黛玉，直画一美人图。

】与众各别：

两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，【奇眉妙眉，奇想妙想。

】一双似喜非喜含露目。

【奇目妙目，奇想妙想。

】态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。

泪光点点，娇喘微微。

闲静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风。

【至此八句是宝玉眼中。

】心较比干多一窍，【此一句是宝玉心中。

多一窍固是好事，然未免偏僻了，所谓“过犹不及”也。

】病如西子胜三分。

【此十句定评，直抵一赋。

不写衣裙妆饰，正是宝玉眼中不屑之物，故不曾看见。

黛玉之举止容貌，亦是宝玉眼中看、心中评。

若不是宝玉，断不能知黛玉是何等品貌。

】宝玉看罢，因笑【黛玉见宝玉写一“惊”字，宝玉见黛玉写一“笑”字，一存于中，一发乎外，可见文于下笔必推敲的准稳，方才用字。

】道：

【看他第一句是何话。

】“这个妹妹我曾见过的。

”【疯话。

与黛玉同心，却是两样笔墨。

】,脂砚斋全评石头记（.anintegralpartofthebook.）,CompanyLogo,Readbetweenthelines,perceiveordetectahiddenorimpliedmeaning,asinTheysaythateverythingsfine,butreadingbetweenthelinesIsuspecttheyhavesomemaritalproblems.Thistermcomesfromcryptography（密码术）,whereinonecodereadingeverysecondlineofamessagegivesadifferentmeaningfromthatoftheentiretext.,CompanyLogo,CompanyLogo,Referencesinclassicliterature,Thecountessssilencehadsubduedanddepressedher,buttheletter,allthatshereadbetweenthelinesinit,soexasperatedher,thismalicewassorevoltingbesideherpassionate,legitimatetendernessforherson,thatsheturnedagainstotherpeopleandleftoffblamingherself.AnnaKareninabyTolstoy,Leo,CompanyLogo,Referencesinclassicliterature,Torevealwhohereallywaswouldevenatthisdatesetthecountryinablaze;

butasthosewhoreadbetweenthelinesmustalreadyhaveguessed,hehadbeenatafamouspublicschool;

anditstraditionsstillclungtohimlikegarments,withwhichindeedtheyarelargelyconcerned.TheAdventuresofPeterPanbyBarrie,JamesMatthew,CompanyLogo,Referencesinclassicliterature,astarved,unlovedlifeshehadhad-alifeofdrudgeryandpovertyandneglect;

forMarillawasshrewdenoughtoreadbetweenthelinesofAnneshistoryanddivinethetruth.AnneOfGreenGablesbyMontgomery,LucyMaud清秀佳人红发安妮（香港）、小孤女（中国大陸）绿色屋頂之家的安妮,CompanyLogo,writebetweenthelines,readbetweenthelines,-findmoremeaningthanthewordsappeartoexpress;

-gathermoremeaningsfromatextthatarenotactuallystated,butimplied:

-领会隐含的意义，看出言外之意,writenotesandcommentsinthebookoneisreading,Whatdoesthetitlemean?

CompanyLogo,Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

Inwhatstyleisitwritten?

Text1:

Comprehension&

Analysis,CompanyLogo,Argumentation,Exposition:

explain,informArgumentation:

Requirementsofargumentationadebatable/controversialtopicsufficientevidencegoodlogicgooduseoftheotherthreetypesofwritinganhonestandfriendlyattitude,CompanyLogo,Text1:

Analysis,Part1Part2Part3,STRUCTURE,（Para1）:

Introduction,（Paras2-10）:

Body,（Para11）:

Conclusion,CompanyLogo,Part1（Para1）:

IntroductionHowdoestheauthorintroducehistopic?

Whatstheauthorsassertion?

Appreciation-introduction,CompanyLogo,Skimparas210forthemainidea,Text1:

Appreciation-body,CompanyLogo,Conclusion:

para11,Text1:

Appreciation-body,TextAppreciation,TextAppreciation,CompanyLogo,bluntlyspeakinginadirecthonestwaythatsometimesupsetspeoplee.g.Youredrunk,shesaidbluntly.Toputitbluntly,shesnotuptothejob.bluntnotsharporpointedoppositesharpe.g.abluntpencil,para2Icontendquitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove.,CompanyLogo,Contend（formal）1.argue,claim;

tosaysthistrueespeciallyinanargumentSYNmaintainThedefensecontendedthattheevidencewasinadmissible.2.for:

Threearmedgroupswerecontendingforpower.（竞争，争取）3.contendwithsthtohavetodealwithaproblemordifficultsituation:

Therescueteamalsohadbadweatherconditionstocontendwith.,para2Icontendquitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove.,CompanyLogo,paraphrasingIargueplainlythatmakingmarksinabookisnotsomethingdonetospoilitbuttoshowitsworthandvalue.,para2Icontendquitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove.,CompanyLogo,insomesense在某种意义上inthecommonproperstrictliteralfigurativesense从通常本来严格字面比喻的意义上说loseonessense昏过去;

发疯;

失去理性makesense（话等）有意义,合有理asenseofhumour幽默感Inacertainsense,postgraduatestudentsarealsoresearchers.,para3Youdonotownthebeefsteakinthemostimportantsenseuntilyou.,CompanyLogo,para3“Youbuyabeefsteakandtransferitfromthebutchersiceboxtoyourown.Butyoudonotownthebeefsteakinthemostimportantsenseuntilyouconsumeitandgetitintoyourbloodstream.,Whatfigureofspeechisadoptedineachquotation?

analogy,CompanyLogo,Analogy类比,Likeasimileorametaphor,ananalogyisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikeasimileorametaphor,whichusuallyconcentratesononepointofresemblance,ananalogydrawsaparallelbetweentwodifferentthingsthatsharemorethanonesimilarqualityorpointofresemblance.Asafullyelaboratedcomparison,ananalogyprovidesamorethoroughcomparisonandcanbeameansoforganizingaparagraph,andperhapsevenawholeessay.,CompanyLogo,Unlikeasimileorametaphor,ananalogyfulfilsadifferentfunction.Insteadofevokingaqualityoremotion,itservestopersuadeorexplain.Peopleusesomethingfamiliarorconcretetoexplainsomethingunfamiliarorabstract.Geologists,forinstance,oftendescribesthestructureoftheearthscrustbycomparingthestratatothelayersofanonion.Writersalsooftenuseanalogyinanattempttoexplain,asinthefollowingexample:

Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,e.g.Gloveistohandasmonitoristocomputer.FursweretonorthAmericanaboriginalsascreditistoashopper.Noticehowtherearesimilaritiesinthetermsusedfirstandtheonesthattheyarecomparedto.Aglovehasasimilarrelationtoahandjustasamonitorhastoacomputer.FursservedasimilarfunctioninNorthAmericanaboriginalsculturesascreditprovidesinourshoppingworldoftoday.,Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,2西洋赶驴子的人，每逢驴子不肯走，鞭子没有用，就把一串胡萝卜挂在驴子眼睛之前、唇吻之上。

这笨驴子以为走前一步，萝卜就能到嘴，于是一步再一步继续向前，嘴愈要咬，脚愈会赶，不知不觉中又走了一站。

那时候它是否吃得到这串萝卜，得看驴夫的高兴。

一切机关里，上司驾驭下属，全用这种技巧；

譬如高松年就允许鸿渐到下学期升他为教授。

自从辛楣一走，鸿渐对于升级这胡萝卜，眼睛也看饱了，嘴忽然不馋了，想暑假以后另找出路。

钱钟书围城第八章,Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,Pupilsaremorelikeoystersthansausages.Thejobofteachingisnottostuffthemandthensealthemup,buttohelpthemopenandrevealthericheswithin.Therearepearlsineachofus,ifonlyweknewhowtocultivatethemwithardorandpersistence.（SydneyJ.Harris,WhatTrueEducationShouldDo,1964）,Analogy类比,CompanyLogo,standardsets:

setsofgoodbooksofrecognizedexcellence,para4,CompanyLogo,anelegantlyboundedition,dog-earedanddilapidatedbooks,CompanyLogo,Thethirdkindofbookownerspossessonlyafewormanybooks,buteveryoneofthemisworn,withthecornersoftheleavesfoldedover,andhasbecomelesstightlyboundbecauseofconstantuse.Therearemarksandinformallywrittennotesineachbookfromcovertocover.,para4Thethirdhasafewbooksormanyeveryoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,CompanyLogo,.,para6IdnomorescribblealloverafirsteditionofParadiseLostthanIdgivemybabyasetofcrayonsandanoriginalRembrandt!

CompanyLogo,ParadiseLost,JohnMilton,CompanyLogo,Rembrandtsselfportraits,CompanyLogo,Nowanordinarypieceoflightfictionlike,say,Gonewiththewind,doesntrequirethemostactivekindofreading.Butagreatbookrichinideasandbeautydemandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.Inthetwosentencesquotedabove,thetwowordsmeanthesameandcanbeusedinterchangeably.,para8require&

demand,CompanyLogo,Thephysicalactofwriting,withyourhand,bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Ifyouwritenotesinthebookyourself,thewordsandsentenceswillstandoutmoredistinctlyinyourmindandlastlongerinyourmemory.,para9,CompanyLogo,Scratchpad便条簿,para10,CompanyLogo,Presumably:

supposedly（tobetrue）,itmaybereasonabletosupposethate.g.ToeveryonesdisappointmentJohnwasabsentfromthemeeting.Presumablyhewasbusywithhisnewproject.Hewillpresumablyresigninviewofthecompletefailureofhispolicy.,para11,CompanyLogo,Comprehensionisaprocessinvolvingbothreceptionandproduction.Ifyouremainacontainerreadyonlytoreceive,youcannotexpecttolearnverymuch.consistintobebasedonordependonsomethinge.g.Happinessdoesnotconsistinhowmanypossessionsyouown.consistofconsistwithtobecompatible;

accorde.g.Theinformationconsistswithheraccount.,Textappreciation-ConclusionPara11Understandingisatwo-wayoperation;

learningdoesntconsistinbeinganemptyreceptacle.,CompanyLogo,Theconclusion（para.11）Markingabookisanexpressionofthereadersagreementsordifferencesofopinionwiththeauthor.Thisservesasaconvincingending.,Textappreciation-Conclusion,CompanyLogo,Themainidea,Thisisatypicalpieceofargumentation.Thewritermakeshisintentionplainattheverybeginning:

toarguethatwritingbetweenthelinesisanefficientwayofreadingwhilepresentingdetailstosupporthisownargument,thewriterdoesnotignorethecounter-arguments.P69comments,CompanyLogo,Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetopossession.Gettingtheb