冲刺写作翻译Word文件下载.docx
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其中一个谓语形式是从句谓语,从句省略引导词
动词That宾语从句
名词hat,which,who,whom定语从句
2)句首从句,靠前位置从句
主语从句what…第一个谓语(从句)。
。
第二个谓语形式(主干谓语)
名词定语、同位语从句(第一个谓语:
从句)。
第二个谓语(主干谓语)
确定从句和主干关系:
一词多用
1)that
看从句是否少成分
少成分:
定语从句thatV,that主谓
不少成分:
名词从句(看从句前引导词)
动词:
宾语从句
Be:
表语从句
名词:
同位语从句
2)ich:
定语从句
3)when,where
when:
前有时间定语当时,那时
前无时间状语当。
Where:
前有地点定语那里
前无地点状语在。
地方
4)while
看从句动词形式
Was/weredoing:
当。
While句首:
尽管
句子while句子:
然而
5)as
as+名词:
作为。
vt。
as
as+句子:
看从句是否缺分
缺:
定语正如,像
不缺:
状语因为,当
6)状语从句(引导词)
Nowthat,aslongas,onthegroundsthat
Ontheconditionthat,provided,considering,given….
连续有两个从句引导词在一起
从后一个引导词分析
That状语从句引导词(that:
名词从句)
基本翻译方法:
顺译法:
宾语,表语
调整顺序:
同位语:
先从句,后名词
主语从句:
先主干,在从句
定语从句:
先从句,后先行词
状语从句:
先从句,后主句
从句较长:
主句和从句分译(重复关键词)
考点二:
修饰成分
1.修饰主宾
1)介词短语
a.中心名词限定:
后置---前置
中心名词角度领域地点时间
Possibilityofexploringtheworld
b.中心名词和介词短语中名词动宾关系
动词变化而来,本身就有动词含义
Explorationoftheworld
Commandofaforeignlanguage
C.中心名词和后面介词短语中名词:
主谓宾:
中心名词of主语介词(与中心名词有搭配关系)宾语
Effectofthemoodonthehealth
=effectonthehealthby/fromthemood
Responseofbodytochanges
=responsetochangesbybody
2)非谓语
名词todo:
同位语
Abilitytocommunicate
名词doing(发出者)
名词V-ed
主谓:
名词动词meaningarosefromthepicture
定语和中心名词:
动词名词
Meaningrevealedfromthepicture
中心名词v-ed介词短语
2.修饰谓语:
状语
前置:
谓语前,句首
考点三:
分裂结构
1.靠标点,,-----,;
;
方法:
把两个标点间部分去掉
看标点间部分和主干之间关系(解释,补充)
Water,ifitisheated,willbecomevapour.
2.名词和同位语从句分裂
名词。
that
3.动词和宾语分裂(宾语像句尾位置调整)
谓语状语(介词+名词)a,an,the,my宾语
宾语补足语(adj./prep/n)a,an,the,my宾语
考点四:
特殊句型
1.It从句
1)形式主语todo,for,,,todo,除that之外其他从句引导词
2)It’s….That…
强调句:
介词短语
主语从句:
adj./done
去掉it’s..that
3)代词:
找单数名词
2.倒装
1)识别句首强调部分
2)出现第一个动词
3)向后找第二个动词
有:
两个动词共同谓语两个动词间为主语
无:
第一个动词谓语后面名词主语
4)还原翻译
3.比较:
句子分成三个部分
As….as….
Asmuch…as…
Notso/as…as…
Notsomuch….as….
More…than…
第一和第三对等:
比较
三个部分都不对等:
第二和第三部分对等:
并列,主次
Morethan:
看词性
数字:
多于
名词动词:
不仅仅
形容词副词;
非常
Nomorethan:
only
Nomore/…than=no..morethan=not…anymorethan:
既不也不
Noless…than=no…lessthan=not…anylessthan:
既是也是
4.否定(形式和意义不完全一直)
考点六:
代词指代
1.人称代词:
上一句找名词
2.that后置定语
---向前找结构相似部分
Similartolanguageusedinmiddleclassfamilythanthatusedinworkingfamilies.
考点七:
对等结构
--词性一致,结构相似
并列;
and,aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,notonly..butalso…
选择:
Or,either..or..neither…nor..whether..or
对比:
insteadof,ratherthan
对后找前:
后者找出来,向前结构相似部分
写作:
1.环境保护
正面:
环境保护重要
角度:
分层次
1)短期,长期
2)地区,国家,国际
负面:
找原因—如何保护环境
实例:
deforestation
Greenhouseeffectgasemission
Globalwarming
Emissionofpollutedgas/waterinto..theair/river
Over-fishing/hunting
结论para3
核心:
sustainabledevelopment
Balancebetweennatureandman
Balancebetweenexploitaitonandprotection/conversation
Balanceman’sinterestandotherspecies’interest
Balance=harmony
保护环境的意义(正面)
Para2
Thepicturedrawsourattentiontotheimportance/significance/necessityofprotectingtheenvironmentweareliving.Environmentistomanwhatbloodistobody.Withoutblood,thebodycannotlive,letalonethefurthergrowth,whichisalsothecasefortheenvironment.Therefore,thesigficanceofthepreservationcomesnotonlyfromtheshort-terminterestbutalsothelongterminterest.Intheshortrun,protectionoftheenvironmentisequivalenttoprotectionof
thehumanspecies.Withmoreandmorepeoplefulfillingthegoalofbareliving,theyareturningtheirconcerntotheincreaseoflifequality.Itdependslargelyonwhetherwecanbreathethefreshair,whetherwecandrinkcleanwater,whetherwecanenjoythebeautifulscenery.Alloftheseabovebearcloserelationtotheenvironment.Inthelongrun,protectingtheenvironmentisaguaranteeofsustainabledevelopment,whetheritbeanindividualoranation.Ifonewantstodevelopinthefuture,heorsheissupposedtorelyonwheretheyareliving,sothedamagetotheenvironmentatpresentmeansdeprivalofthepossibilityforthemtolivelong.Thesurrenderofthegrasslandtofarmlandisagoodcaseinpoint.Theyploughthegrasslandtoyieldcropsatthecostofthesustainablegainsfromtheland.Ifanationwantstodevelop,shemusttakeadvantageoftherichresourcesnaturehasentitledtoher.Theexcessiveexploitationofresourcestodayequalslosingtheopportunityfortheprospectivedevelopment.Oncethenaturalresourcecomestoextinction,thedevelopmentbecomesanightmare.
批评破坏环境行为:
找原因
Para2
Thepicturedrawsourattentiontothestartlingphenomenoninourlifethatsomeareruiningtheenvironmentweareliving.Environmentistomanwhatbloodistobody.Withoutblood,thebodycannotlive,letalonethefurthergrowth,whichisalsothecasefortheenvironment.Therefore,itismorethannecessarytoexplorethereasonswhysuchmeasuresprevailwiththemknowingtheimportanceoftheenvironment.Thefactorscanbeillustratedinthesenseofindividualandsocialawarenessaswellasourlawsandregulations.Withtheawarenessfromanindividualorsociety,itisapparentthatsomehaveyettorealizethetruemeaningsoftheenvironmentalconservation.Theyonlyseetheenvironmentaswhattheycanexploitinsteadofwhatcallsforkindtreatment.Intheirmind,theyonlyplaceemphasisontheeconomicprofittheycangettemporarily,whichistheheavypricetheypayfortheirfoolishandshort-sightedbehaviors.Thereseemsalongwayforthenaturalresourcestobeexhausted,whichmayotherwisecometoourpresenceatanastonishingpace.Besides,thedestructiontotheenvironmentsometimesmeanstheconvenienceandtheeconomizationformostpeopleorfactories.Thus,ourpreciousenvironmentsuffersalotjustbecauseoftheirselfishpurpose.
法律和法规:
Seenfromawidercontext,theprevalenceofsuchdestructivebehaviorscantraceitsrootstotheinsufficiencyaswellastheundueteleranceoflawsandregulations.Evenwiththeexistanceoflawsandregulations,itcannotmatchtheneedtopunishthesebehaviorsinapracticalandfeasibleway.Somebehaviorscanbeatlargewiththeexistinglawsandregulations.
Inaddition,evenwiththepunishmentineffect,thestrictnessofthelawsandregulationsfarfallsbehindtheprofitstheycanacquirefromthedestruction,therebyworseningthesituation.
Para3:
Fromwhatisstatedabove,itiswise,frommyperspective,toadoptacorrectandpracticalattitudetowardstheenvironmentalprotectionincludingtheexploitationandtheconservation.Inotherwords/toputitanotherway,thefocusontheharmonybetweennatureandman/thebalancebetweenthedevelopmentandprotectionisdesirableinsteadofthesuperiorityofonetotheother.Man,asamemberofnature,enjoystheequalrightstothatofotherspecies.Wecannotseekourowninterstsattheexpenceoftheslaughteroreventheextinctionofotherspecies.Man,aswellasalltheotherlivingcreaturesintheworld,makesupabeautifulandbalancednature.(人与自然平衡)
Developmentcannotbeconductedontheconditionoftheirrepairabledamagetotheenvironment,whichsoonerorlaterwilldenyusfromfurtherone.Ontheotherhand,theconservationoftheenvironmentdoesnotmeanthestopofanyexploitation.Anyway,natureissourceofwhatwecanrelyonfortheprosperityofman.(发展和保护平衡)
结尾句:
Thekeydoesn’tlieinwhichoneismoreimportantbutintheharmony/balancebetweenthetwo.
2.积极人生态度
创新,诚信,奉献,责任,关键时候选择
思路:
个人,社会,国家好处(para2)
鼓励更多人有积极态度(para3)
举例
创新creativity,innovation
Thepicturedrawsourattentiontotheimportanceofcreativity.Creativityistomanwhatbloodistobody.……
Creativityisofgreatbenefitstoanindividual,societyaswellasanation.Individuallyspeaking,onewiththedesiretoinnovateisfullofthepassionandvigortolife,therebyfulfillingthepersonalvaluetothelargestextentintheprocess.Everyinnovationisachallengetohimorher,whosepotentialcanbeexploredfully.WeadmireBillGatesnotbecauseheistherichestmanintheworldbutherevolutionizesthepersonalcomputer.
Asforasociety,itcanhelpestablishapositiveatmospherewhichencouragesthecreationinsteadoftherelianceontheold.Inthiscase,everymembercanmakehiscontributiontothesocialprogress.Whenitcomestoanation,itisundoubtedlytheguaraneeofthepowerforthesustainabledevelopment.Onlywiththeinnovationonafteranothercananationkeepthecompetitivenessglobally,ensuringittotaketheleadoverothers.
Fromwhatisstatedabove,itisnecessarytoencouragetheinnovationforcefully.Ofcourse,creationmeansneitherthedesertionofallthatistraditionalnortheinheritance.Therightattitudeistoinheritthetraditionalinacriticmanner,thatiskeepingthevaluableandgivinguptheworthless.Inaddition,theinnovationmustrelyonthespecificrealitiesofeachstate,creatingwhatistrulyvaluableforthedevelopment.
奉献,责任心:
如何在生活中做到这些事情
个人Everyoneshouldbecomethemodelofpraticingsuchspiritsinreallife.
媒体Ourmassmediaisalsosupposedtofulfillthefunctionofencouragingandfosteringtheattitude.‘
批判confrontedwithimmoralbehaviors,weshouldopposeitforcefullyinourownways.
3.和谐
两者关系:
个人目标和国家整体目标和谐
和谐
两者关系
1)个人利益和国家利益