专题14 语法填空新题型指导及训练高考英语三轮复习资料Word下载.docx
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thavedoneit.中finishdoing就是句子结构和语法转换的有效结合。
2.从词汇的本义、转义和前后缀的变化入手
每一篇语言材料都会给出适当的提示词,且给出的提示词多是词汇的本义,命题者就是要求考生根据所给词汇的本义,利用适当的语言环境进行词性的转换,前后缀的变化做题。
如:
(样题)Alan:
Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.I'
msurehewasinthekitchen4(early).中early的变化形式就是此类试题的命题经典。
3.从语境语篇的线索以及标志性信息词入手
语篇线索的关键体现即是根据上下文中一些标志性信息词的暗示来进行命题,如:
(样题)Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2Iwenttoanswerthephone.中空缺部分的填入要根据上文的关键信息词I…leftthemonthetable…Iwenttoanswerthephone.和文章最后的关键信息词…whenthephonerang.分析判断。
总之,语法填空题不应以学生常犯的语法错误作为干扰项。
因为语法填空主要测试学生的语篇应用能力,而将语法中的“偏、难、怪”等设空干扰,这与文章理解没有直接关系,偏离了测试的方向。
【题型分类】
纵观语篇型语法填空题的命题特点与命题规律,我们不难分析:
深挖掘相关的语篇型语法填空题,对精准把握命题思路与走向是有一定积极意义的。
尤其注意《考试说明》中对语篇型语法填空设计形式的关键性诠释“在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白”,此“语言材料”无疑包涵对话体语言材料和短文体语言材料。
下面仅就这两种语言材料形式的设题模式做一个诠释,以期抛砖引玉:
【例1】对话体(20XX年新课标全国卷《考试说明》样题)
Mum:
(puttingonhercoat)I'
mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.
Alan:
Why?
I'
mnotsurewhat1(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable2Iwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey'
re3(go).
msurehewasinthekitchen4(early).
No,hewentofftohistennismatchbeforeIfinished5(make)them,sohecouldn'
thavedoneit.6,hecouldn'
tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellasallhistennisstuff,soI'
msure7wasn'
thim.
(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn'
tme.ButMum,look!
Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfof8fridge?
Aretheythere?
Oh,mygoodness.I9haveputthemintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmy10.Now,whydidIputonmycoat?
【例2】短文体
Oneofmyfather'
sfavorite1(say)asIwasgrowingupwas“Tryit!
”Icouldn'
tsayIdidn'
tlikesomething,2itmightbe,untilafterItriedit.OvertheyearsI'
vecometorealizehowmuchofmysuccessIowetomy3(accept)ofthosewordsasoneofmyvalues.MyfirstjobwasjustoneIdecidedtotryforacoupleofyearsuntilIdeterminedwhatIwantedtodoasacareer(职业).4(actual)IbelievedIwouldworkforafewyears,get5(marry),stayhomeandraiseafamily,soIdidn'
tthinkthejobItookmatteredthatmuch.Icouldn'
t6moremistaken.Imasteredtheskillsofthat7(begin)levelpositionandIwasgiventheopportunity(机会)tomoveupthroughthecompanyinto8(differ)positions.Iacceptedeachnewopportunitywiththethought,“Well,I'
lltryit;
9Idon'
tlikeitIcanalwaysgobacktomy10(early)position.”ButIwaswiththesamecompanyforthepast28years.
【备考策略】
语法填空是从语法角度对短文进行适当的分散挖空,考查方式分为提示词填空和不提示词填空。
其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。
在对题目进行作答之前,要先对题干进行详细阅读,检查题目中是否有提示词语存在,而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分,例如,主语、谓语等,最后根据其所充当的句子成分,加之其所处句子的语态等,选择词语的正确形式。
例如,动词的现在分词或者过去分词,或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。
在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时,则要根据句子中所填词语的位置,判断所填词语的词性,例如,连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。
定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前,起到对名词进行限制的作用。
而代词分成形容词性以及名词性代词、指示或者不定代词等。
在运用介词的时候,往往考查固定搭配,其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。
语法填空题的科学解题步骤可参照以下几条进行:
1.浏览全文,把握语篇。
至于具体空格上填写什么词,只有在了解全文大意后,从语篇着手,并联系上下文,可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配,及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解,行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。
2.边读边填,先易后难。
语法填空在设题方面分为提示词填空和不提示词填空,也称自由填空类和提示性填空类:
自由填空类其考查的语言项目主要有:
行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。
在平时训练及复习这些语法要点的时候,考生可采取自由填空的练习方式进行训练;
提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有:
动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。
3.验证复查,清除难点。
根据语篇进行填空后,必须逐一进行复核检查,消除隐患,排除难点,以达到完全无障碍阅读之目的,顺利流畅地表达出文章的主题大意。
语法填空的检测目的也就顺利达到了。
语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大,考查范围相对较广,考生失分现象较为严重,但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规律,掌握答题的技巧,在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习,熟练语法的运用,及时对经验进行总结,加强在语篇情境下应用能力,在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率,取得较为理想的成绩。
【考点剖析】
Passage1
Alice:
Mr.Black,ThisisAlicespeaking.I'
mcallingtoaskyou1Icantaketheafternoonofftoday.
Black:
Well,ofcourse.2canyoutellmewhattheproblemis,Alice?
OK,Mr.Black.Mysonisgoingtotakepartinasinging3(compete)tobeheldinWashingtontomorrow.He'
sgotsomanythingstotakethathecan'
tgothere4.
Soyouwanttotake5thereinyourminibus?
Yes.AndassoonasIputhimupinthehotel,I6(drive)back.
Well,thatwouldbe7tootiringjourney.It'
snearly300kilometersawayanditwilltakeyouatleastsixhours8(travel)toandfromWashington.Whydon'
tyoustaythereuntilyouhaveseenyoursonperform?
ButIhavetwo9tomorrowmorning.
Don'
tworry.I'
lltellMarytotakeyourclasses10.She'
salwayswillingtohelp.
That’llbenice.ThankyouandgivemythankstoMary.
You'
rewelcome.
Passage2
Iwaswalkingwithafriendyesterday1IfoundaniPhone5sinapileofsnow.Ipicked2upanditstillworked!
IstartedlookingthroughthenamelistandcallingnumberstoseewhetherIcouldfigureoutwhosephoneitwas.3,onlyonepersonansweredandshedidn’trecognizethenumberthatIwascallingfrom.
Sincethatladydidn’tknowwhosephoneitwas,myfriendsuggestedthatwegobackto4streetandthehousethatwefoundthe
iPhone5sinfrontof.Iknockedonthedoorandtwocollege-agepeopleanswered.They5(lose)theirphones,butasItoldthemthestoryandmentionedsome6onthenamelist,theyoungmansaidthathealsohadthosenamesandit7bethephoneofoneoftheirfriends.Ireallydidn’thaveanythingtosay,becauseinmymindIwasjustdoingtherightthing.I8(immediate)triedtofindtheowner,becausethatisexactly9IwouldwantsomeonetodoifeitherIoranyofmyfamilymemberslostphones.Thepurposeofhelpingothersisnotforreturn.10(help)othersismorethanenoughformeanditisthemostendlessjoyoflife.
大写。
【高考再现】
广东省2014语法填空(共10小题;
每小题l5分.满分l5分)
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16—25的相应位置上。
Nightafternight,shecametotuckmein,evenlongaftermychildhoodyears.__16_____(follow)herlongstandingcustom,she’dleandownandpushmylonghairoutoftheway,thenkissmyforehead.
Idon’tremember___17___itfirststartedannoyingme—herhandspushingmyhairthatway.Finally,onenight,Ishoutedoutather,“Don’tdothatanymore—yourhandsaretoorough!
”Shedidn’tsay___18____inreply.Butneveragain___19_____mymothercloseoutmyday__20_____thatfamiliarexpressionofherlove.
Timeaftertime,withthepassingyears,my__21_____(think)returnedtothatnight.BythenImissedmymother’shands,—missedhergoodnightkissonmyforehead.
NowthosehandsIoncethoughttobesoroughwerestilldoingthingsformeandmyfamily.If
requentlyrecalledthenightmyyoungvoicecomplained.Onenight,catchingMom’shandinhand,Ibl
urtedouthowsorryIwasforthatnight.Ithoughtshe’dremember___22_____Idid.ButMomdidn’tknowwhatI__23__(talk)about.Shehadforgotten—andforgiven—longago.
Thatnight,Ifellasleepwithanew___24___(appreciate)formygentlemotherand___25__caringhands.AndtheguiltthatIhadcarriedaroundforsolongwasnowheretobefound.
【基础练习】
HotelClerk:
Hi,canIhelpyou?
Man:
Yes,I’dlikearoom1thenight,please.Thesignoutsidesaysyouhavevacancies(空房).
Yes,2onlyacouple.Iguessnobodywantstodriveinsuch3(storm)weather.
Isurelydon’t.Howmucharetherooms?
Theyare$50a4.
That’sfine.
IcangiveyouRoom14.Itisrightbesidethecoffeeshop.Ijustneed5tosigntheregister.
Thereyougo.Iam6(awful)hungry.Isthecoffeeshopstillopen?
Hote
lClerk:
Yes,itis7untilnineo’clock.Ifyouwantanythingafterthat,thereareacoupleofmachines8(sell)softdrinks,chocolatebars——thingslikethat.
Thankyou.Bytheway,isthereatelevisioninthe9?
Yes,we’vegotcable(光缆)TV.
Oh,that’sgreat.
Well,hereisyourkey.10youneedanythingelse,moretowelsoranything,pleasecallme,fortheofficeisopenuntilmidnight.
OK.Thanksagain.
Officer:
Nowcouldyoutellmeyour1,please?
Jenny:
Yes,officer,it’sJenny.
AndcouldIhaveyouraddresstoo,please?
Yes,2.It’sFourthAvenue.
So,couldyoutellme3(exact)whatyousawabouttheincident?
Yes,well,Iwasjustcomingoutofthesupermarketexit,whenallofasuddenIheardthiscry,andwhenIturnedaroundtosee4itwas,Isawthismansortoftugging(拽拉)atthiswoman’shandbag,andshe5(hit)himwithherfreehand.Thenhepushedherand6felltotheground.Hethenranoffdownthestreetandroundthecomer.
Isee.Andcouldyoudescribethemanforme?
Well,letmesee.Hewasmediumheight,aboutthirty.Itallhappenedsoquickly7it’shardtoremember.
Dopleasetry,itcouldbeveryimportantin8
(help)ustocatchhim.
Ohyes.Idoremembersomethingelse.Hewaswearingayellowjacket,youknow,andjeans,bluejeans.
9younoticethecolorofhishairbyanychance?
Oh,darkhair,Ishouldsay.Yes,darkbrown.Andthat’s10Icanremember,I’mafraid,anditwasverywavy.
Thankyouverymuch,Jenny.You’vebeenveryhelpful.
时)他头发的颜色了吗?
故用表示过去的助动词did,且该单词首字母必须大写。
Passage3
Manag