届高考二轮查漏补缺之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类 Word版含答案.docx

届高考二轮查漏补缺之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类 Word版含答案.docx

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届高考二轮查漏补缺之英语题型专练3阅读理解科教科普类Word版含答案

1、   WhilevisitingtheNorthPoleinwintermaynotbeatthetopofyour list,theever-changingICEHOTEL,whichopeneditsdoorstovisitorsonDecember14thisyear,maychangeyourmind.Lying200kmnorthoftheArcticCircleinJukkasjärvi,thehotel,whichiscarvedentirelyfromice,isrebuiltannually,witheach gettingincreasinglybeautifulandimpressive.

   The29-year-oldtraditionbeganaccidentallyin1989,afterJukkasjärviresidentsorganizedanartshowina5.5-square-metericehousetotryto call tourists’attentiontothe remote villageduringthefreezingwintermonths.Theexhibitionwasahugesuccess,attractingmanydayvisitors.However,itwasnotuntilagroupof adventurous soulsarrivedwithsleepingbags,announcingtheir intention tospendthenightinsidethehouse,thattheideaofthefrozenhotelwasborn.

   TheICEHOTELhascomealongwaysinceits beginnings.Itcoversanareaofover5,500squaremeters.TheplanningbeginsmonthsearlierinMarchwhenabout5,000tonsoficeareharvestedfromtheriverandtransferredtocoldstorage,wheretheysittillthebeginningofwinter.ConstructionbeginsinearnestinNovember,whenabout100workerscometotheregion.ByDecember,theuniquefrozen accommodation isreadytoopenforbusiness.

   Regardlessofwhethervisitorsselecttheluxurycarvedsuitesorthebasicicerooms,thetemperatureisalwayssettoabone-chilling -5°C!

Thatiswhyguestsareadvisedtoliecloseinside warmsleepingbagsandwearglovesandwinterhatsallnight.Notsurprisingly,mostendupspendingjustasinglenightatthisuniquehotelbeforemovingontothe conventional,andwarmer,cabinsnearby.

   Inadditiontotheuniquerooms,thehotelalsooffersguestsfunactivitieslikesnowshoeing,ordogsledding,andforthosebraveenoughtosufferthroughthebelowfreezingtemperatures—overnight wilderness camping!

Thehotel’ssinglerestaurantservesfood,whilethedrinksarealwayschilledtoperfectionintheworld-famousICEBAR!

1.WhydidJukkasjärviresidentsorganizeanartshowin1989?

A.Toattracttourists.B.Tofollowatradition.

C.Toexciteadventurers.D.Toexperiencecold.

2.HowtodealwithtonsoficeharvestedfromtheriverinMarch?

A.Carvethemroughly.

B.Keepthemwithcoldstorage.

C.Designuniqueforms.

D.Constructthemslowly.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsisnecessaryforthosegoingcampingallnight?

A.Wealth.B.Goodhealth.C.Neardistance.D.Braveness.

4.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ICEHOTEL,aWiseChoice

B.ICEHOTELIsintheArcticCircle

C.ICEHOTELHasaUniqueScenery

D.ICEHOTELOpensforthe29thYear

2、Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem—allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowssomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive（发制人的）defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.

WhenecologistJohnOrrockoftheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonsprayedsnailslime—aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—ontosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme（酶）,whichisknowntopreventplant-eatinganimals."Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked,"Orrocksays."Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry."

InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning'simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars（毛虫）,whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibilitiesofsurvival,saysOrrock,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOecologia.

Thefindingthatasnail'sapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfar-rangingeffects,"Karbansays.Theresearchwascomprehensive,headds,buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.

"That'sthemillion-dollarquestion,"Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.

（1）.JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto_______.

A.makethemgrowbetter

B.givethemawarning

C.keepplant-eatinganimalsaway

D.informplant-eatinganimalsofdanger

（2）.Whyistheexampleof"caterpillars"mentionedinParagraph3?

A.Tointroduceanotheranimal.

B.Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.

C.Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.

D.Toanalyzedifferentresistancechemicals.

（3）.WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttoknow?

A.Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.

B.Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.

C.Whethertheresearchisofpracticalvalue.

D.Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.

（4）.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WatchfulPlantsB.GreedyAnimals

C.ASnail'sApproachD.ADefenseAttack

3、Peopleaskedtoimaginehowfloodingordroughtswouldaffectparticularpeopleorplacesweremorelikelytoengageinenvironmentallyfriendlyactions.Manypeopleviewclimatechangeasadistantthreat.Buthavingthemimaginethetangible（有形的）consequencesofresultingdroughtsorfloodsmayhelpchangethisideaandencouragepro-environmentalbehavior,anewstudysuggests.

Researchersasked93collegestudentstoreadareportontemperatureanomalies（异常）,floodsandotherclimatechange-relatedeventsthathaveaffectedtheisland.Thescientiststhenasked62oftheparticipantstowritedownthreewaysinwhichsuchphenomenamightimpacttheirfuturelives.Halfthepeopleinthatgroupwereinstructedtoimaginesuchsituationsindetail.Theremaining31studentsdidnotcompleteeitherthewritingorimaginingsteps,actingasacontrolgroup.

Alltheparticipantsthenratedtheirideasofclimatechangerisksbyrespondingtoquestionssuchas"Howlikelydoyouthinkitisthatclimatechangeishavingseriousimpactsontheworld?

"Theyusedascalefrom1（"veryunlikely"）to7（"verylikely"）.Theaveragescorewashigheramongsubjectswhohadbeenaskedtoenvisiondetailedsituationsthanamongthosewhohadnot.Theresultswerelaterconfirmedinasecondexperimentinvolving102participants.

Participantsinthefirstexperimentwhohadimaginedtheeffectsofclimatechangeweremorelikelytosaytheywoulduseairconditioninginanenergy-savingmanner.Inthesecondexperiment,nearlytwothirdsofpeopleinthevisualizing（想象）groupsigneduptohelpcleanabeach,comparedwith43percentinthenonvisualizingone.Andwhenofferedachoiceofavegetarian（素食主义的）ornonvegetarianlunchbox,nearlyhalfthevisualizersselectedtheenvironmentallyfriendliermeatlesschoice-comparedwithabout28percentofthenonvisualizers.

Theresearchersdidnottrackpeopletoseeiftheybehaveddifferentlyintheirday-to-daylives-somethingfurtherstudiesshouldexamine,saysstudyco-authorWen-BinChiou.Moreover,theresearch"shouldbedoneagaininotherplaceswithotherpopulations," saysRobertGifford,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbia,whowasnotinvolvedinthework. 

Thefindingscouldbeappliedtoraisepublicconcernaboutclimatechange,Chiousays.Forexample,hesuggeststhatnewsreportsaboutthephenomenoncouldincludevividdescriptionsofitseffectsonpeople'slivesandaskreaderstoimagineexperiencingsuchimpacts.Havingvirtual-realitydemonstrations（展示）inlocalsciencemuseumsoftheconsequencesofclimatechangewouldbeanotherwayofputtingtheresearchintopractice,Chiouadds.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthestudyistrue?

A.Onlyoneexperimentwascarriedoutforthestudy.

B.ProfessorRobertGiffordplayedakeyroleinthestudy.

C.Thecontrolgrouponlycompletedthewritingstepintheexperiment.

D.Participantsaskedtoimaginedetailedeffectsscoredhigherthanthosewhoweren't.

2.Futurestudieswillprobablybeaboutwhether______.

A.itistrueofotherpopulationsinotherplaces

B.moremoneywillbedonatedtothepeopleaffectedbyclimatechange-relatedevents

C.peoplechoosevegetarianlunchboxesintheirdailylives

D.climatechangewillcausepeopletothinkaboutjoininginacontrolgroup

3.Toputtheresearchintopractice,Wen-BinChiousuggeststhat______.

A.thegovernmentcallonpeopletolivealow-carbonlife

B.peopleuseairconditioninginanenergy-savingmanner

C.peopleexperiencepossibleeffectsofclimatechangethroughvirtualrealityfacilities

D.newsreportsprovidevividdescriptionsoftheeffectsofclimatechangeonpeople'slives

4.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______.

A.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentreactionstoclimatechange

B.differentformsofclimatechangemayaffectpeople'sideasindifferentways

C.peoplemaychangetheirbehaviorafterthinkingaboutthevividimpactsofclimatechange

D.collegestudentsshowgreatconcernforthepeopleaffectedbyclimatechange

4、Brainhealthiskeytosuccessfulageing,anditinvolvesseveralmentalfunctionsincludingmemory,reasoningandplanning.Memorydefineswhoweare—w