四级仿真真题Word下载.docx
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PartVCloze（15minutes）
PartVITranslation（5minutes）
PartIWriting（30minutes）
Directions：
Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononetopic：
CityProblems.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese：
1.越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生
2.比较明显的大问题有……
3.我对这种现象的想法
CityProblems
PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）
Inthispart，youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7，mark
Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10，completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
ScientistsWeighOptionsforRebuildingNewOrleans
Asexpertsponderhowbesttorebuildthedevastated（毁坏）city，onequestioniswhethertowalloff—orworkwith—thewater.
EvenbeforethedeathtollfromHurricaneKatrinaistallied，scientistsarecautiouslybeginningtodiscussthefutureofNewOrleans.FewseemtodoubtthatthisvitalheartofU.S.commerceandculturewillberestored，butexactlyhowtorebuildthecityanditsdefensestoavoidarepeatcatastropheisanopenquestion.PlansforimprovingitsleveesandrestoringthebarrierofwetlandsaroundNewOrleanshavebeenonthetablesince1998，butfederaldollarsneededtoimplementthemneverarrived.Afterthetragedy，that‘sboundtochange，saysJohnDay，anecologistatLouisianaStateUniversity（LSU）inBatonRouge.Andifthereisanupsidetothedisaster，hesays，it’sthat‘nowwe’vegotacleanslatetostartfrom.“
ManyarelookingforguidancetotheNetherlands，acountrythat，justlikebowl-shapedNewOrleans，sitsmostlybelowsealevel，keepingthewateratbaywithaconstructionofamazingscaleandcomplexity.Others，pointingtoVenice‘slong-standingadaptations，sayit’sbesttoletwaterflowthroughthecity，depositingsedimenttooffsetgeologicsubsidence—amodelthatwouldrequirearadicalrethinkingofarchitecture.Anotherideaistoletnaturehelpbyrestoringthewetlandbuffersbetweenseaandcity.
Butbeforetheoptionscanbeweighed，severalunknownswillhavetobeaddressed.Oneispreciselyhowthecurrentdefensesfailed.Toanswerthat，LSUcoastalscientistsPaulKempandHassanMashriquiarepickingtheirwaythroughthedestroyedcityandsurroundingregion，reconstructingthesizeofwatersurgesbymeasuringtelltalemarksleftonthesidesofbuildingsandhighwaystructures.TheyarefeedingthesedataintoasimulationofthewindandwateraroundNewOrleansduringitsordeal.
”Wecan‘tsayforsureuntilthisjobisdone，“saysDay，”buttheemergingpictureisexactlywhatwe’vepredictedforyears.“Namely，severalcanals—includingtheMRGO，whichwasbuilttospeedshippinginthe1960s—havethecombinedeffectoffunnelingsurgesfromtheGulfofMexicorighttothecity‘seasternleveesandthelakesystemtothenorth.Thosesurgesaretoblamefortheflooding.”Oneofthefirstthingswe’llseedoneisthecompletebackfillingoftheMRGOcanal，“predictsDay，”whichcouldtakeacoupleofyears.“
Thelevees，whichhavebeenprovisionallyrepaired，willbeshoredupfurtherinthemonthstocome，althoughtheirlong-termfateisunclear.Betterleveeswouldprobablyhavepreventedmostofthefloodinginthecitycenter.Toprovidefurtherprotection，amobiledamsystem，muchlikeastormsurgebarrierintheNetherlands，couldbeusedtocloseoffthemouthofLakePontchartrain.Butmostexpertsagreethattheseareshort-termfixes.
ThebasicproblemforNewOrleansandtheLouisianacoastlineisthattheentireMississippiRiverdeltaissubsidinganderoding，plungingthecitydeeperbelowsealevelandremovingathickcushionofwetlandsthatoncebufferedthecoastlinefromwindandwaves.Partofthesubsidenceisgeologicandunavoidable，butthereststemsfromtheleveesthathavehemmedintheMississippiallthewaytoitsmouthfornearlyacenturytopreventfloodsandfacilitateshipping.Asaresult，riversedimentisnolongerspreadacrossthedeltabutdumpedintotheGulfofMexico.Withoutaconstantstreamoffreshsediment，thebarrierislandsandmarshesaredisappearingrapidly，withaquarter，roughlythesizeofRhodeIsland，alreadygone.
Afteryearsofpoliticalwrangling，abroadgrouppulledtogetherbytheLouisianagovernmentin1998proposedamassive$14billionplantosavetheLouisianacoasts，calledCoast2050（nowmodifiedintoaplancalledtheLouisianaCoastalAreaproject）。
Wetlandrestorationwasakeycomponent.”It‘soneofthebestandcheapesthurricanedefenses，“saysDay，whochaireditsscientificadvisorycommittee.
Althoughtheplanwasnevergivenmorethantokenfunding，ateamledbyDayhasbeenconductingapilotstudysince2000，divertingpartoftheMississippiintothewetlandsdownstreamofthecity.”Theresultsareasgoodaswecouldhavehoped，“hesays，withlandlevelsrisingatabout1centimeterperyear—enoughtooffsetrisingsealevels，saysDay.
Evenifthewetlandswererestoredandnewleveeswerebuilt，thecombinationofgeologicsubsidenceandrisingsealevelswilllikelysinkNewOrleansanothermeterby2100.Theproblemmightbesolvedbyanotherambitiousplan，saysRoelBoumans，acoastalscientistattheUniversityofVermontinBurlingtonwhodidhisph.D.atLSU：
shoringupthelowestlandwithaslurryofsedimentpipedinfromtheriver.Themajorityofthebuildingsinthefloodedareaswillhavetoberazedanyway，hesays，”sowhynottakethisopportunitytofixtherootoftheproblem?
“TherivercoulddepositenoughsedimenttoraisethebottomoftheNewOrleansbowltosealevel”in50to60years，“heestimates.Inthemeantime，peoplecouldliveintheseareasVenice-style，withbuildingsbuiltonstilts.Boumanseventakesitastepfurther：
”Youwouldhavetoraiseeverythingabout30centimetersonceevery30years，sowhynotmakethejobeasierbymakinghousesthatcanfloat.“
Whetherthatistechnicallyorpoliticallyfeasible—Day，forone，callsit”notlikely“—remainstobeseen，especiallybecauseuntilnow，thepoorestresidentslivedinthelowestpartsofthecity.Anydecisiononhowbesttoprotectthecityinthefuturewillbetiedtohowmanypeoplewilllivethere，andwhere.”theremaybealargecontingentofresidentsandbusinesseswhochoosenottoreturn，“saysBillGood，anenvironmentalscientistatLSUandmanageroftheLouisianaGeologicalSurvey’sCoastalProcessessection.Itisalsonotyetclearhowdecisionsaboutthereconstructionwillbemade，saysGood，”Sincethereisnoprecedentofcomparablemagnitude.“Everylevelofgovernmentissuretobeinvolved，and”theprocessislikelytobeadhoc.“
Evenwiththeinevitableminglingofscienceandpolitics，westillhave”auniquechancetobackoutofsomebaddecisions，“saysGood，whogrewupinNewOrleans.”Ihopethatwedon‘tletthisonce-in-historyopportunityslipthroughourfingersintherushtorebuildthecity：
“
1.T
hepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthesuggestionstoreconstructNewOrleansafterHurricaneKatrina.
2.TwoexamplestodealwithwaterareNetherlandsandVenice.
3.Thecanalshavenothingtodowiththeflooding.
4.Theleveeswillbeshoredupfurtherwithclearlong-termfate.
5.ThebasicproblemforNewOrleansisthesubsidenceofMississippiRiverdelta.
6.ThekeycomponentofCoast2050iswetlandrestoration.
7.TheplanofCoast2050willgetbillionsoffederalfunding.
8.NewOrleanswilllikelysink________________by2100.
9.Anotherambitiousplanistoshoringupthelowestlandwithaslurryofsediment________________.
10.Howdecisionsaboutthereconstructionwillbemadeisalso________________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）
SectionA
Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A]，[B]，[C]and[D]，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.[A]Themandoesn’twanttoseeMr.Williams.
[B]Mr.JonesisinaninferiorpositiontoMr.Williams.
[C]Mr.Jonesusedtobeincharge.
[D]Mr.Williamsdoesn‘twanttoseetheman.
12.[A]Theyneedtomakemoreefforts.[C]Theothershavedonethegreaterpartofit.
[B]Shefeltabitannoyed.[D]They’vefinishedmorethanhalfofit.
13.[A]Shefeltverysorry.[C]Shewasinahurry.
[B]Shefeltabitannoyed.[D]Shewassurprised.
14.[A]Theknifebelongstohim.[C]ThemanonceborrowedBob‘sknife.
[B]Bobshouldmindhisownbusiness.[D]Bob’sknifeisn‘tasgoodasthatoftheman.
15.[A]He’llmissthemeetingthatafternoon.[C]Hewon‘tmissthemeeting.
[B]Hecan’thaveanappointmentwiththehost.[D]Heisahardworkingman.
16.[A]Becauseshedidn‘tfulfillherpromise.
[B]Becausehermotherwouldbeveryangry.
[C]Becauseshecan’tfinishthejobaheadofschedule.
[D]Becauseshewouldbethelasttofinishthejob.
17.[A]He
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