不在场的他者从存在主义角度分析《等待戈多》毕业论文 精品Word下载.docx

不在场的他者从存在主义角度分析《等待戈多》毕业论文 精品Word下载.docx

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专　　业　英语（师范4）　　　　

指导教师　谢楠　　　　　　

职称（学历）　助教（硕士）　　　　　　　　

2013年04月30日

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Exceptwherereferenceismadeinthetextofthethesis,thisthesiscontainsnomaterialpublishedelsewhereorextractedinwholeorpartfromathesispresentedbymeforanotherdegreeordiploma.

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Acknowledgements

IamdeeplygratefultomysupervisorXieNanforherpatientguidance,generalassistance,helpfuladviceandcontinualencouragement,allofwhichhavebeenofinestimableworktothecompletionofmypaper.Withoutherhelpfulinstruction,detailedcomments,andbeneficialadvice,thispaperwouldhaveneverbeenfinishedsosmoothly.

MythanksalsogotoalltheteacherswhohavetaughtmeandhelpedmealotduringthefouryearsofmystudyinYunnanNormalUniversity.Withouttheirteaching,Icouldnothavelearnedsomuch.

Atlast,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetomyfamily,whogavemegreathelpandencouragementduringmyfouryears’studyandthethesiswriting.

Abstract

SamuelBeckett’smasterpieceWaitingforGodotisoneoffamousabsurdplaysintheworld.Itislabeledas“Anti-Theater”,“NewTheater”,and“TheateroftheAbsurd”.Aswecansee,WaitingforGodotisaworkinthenameof“TheateroftheAbsurd”coinedbyMartinEsslin.WaitingforGodotwhichisregardedastheclassicoftheTheatreoftheAbsurdisBeckett’sturningpointfromnovelwritingtodrama,andalsoarepresentativeworkofthe20thcenturydramafrommodernitytopostmodernity.Basedonthecomplicatedsocialbackgroundandspiritualcrisisinthewesternworld,thisworktriestorevealtheabsurdlivingcondition,lonelinessandhopelessness,desolationandmeaninglessnessofwesternpeople.

WaitingforGodotarousedthousandsofpeople’sresonanceafterthiswork’sfirstshowinParis.Thisworkalsoattractsmuchattentionofcriticsintheliteraryworld.Lotsofnewinterpretationscontinuouslyemergewithvariedviewsintheliteraryworld.Somecriticsarguethatthisworkdoesnotdisplaytheexistentialism,andsomeholditiscloselyrelatedtoexistentialism.SothispaperattemptstousetheliteraryandcriticismofexistentialismtoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenexistentialismandWaitingforGodotandtodiscussthemeaningsofwaitinginWaitingforGodotandtheabsurdityoftheplay.

Keywords:

WaitingforGodot;

Theabsentother;

Existentialism;

Absurdity

摘要

萨缪尔贝克特的巨作《等待戈多》是世界著名的荒诞派戏剧。

它总是被冠名为“反戏剧”，“新戏剧”以及“荒诞派戏剧”。

正如我们所知，《等待戈多》是马丁艾斯林荒诞派戏剧名义下的作品。

荒诞派戏剧经典之作的《等待戈多》被认为是贝克特从小说写作到戏剧创作的转折点，也被认为是20世纪现代主义向后现代主义过渡的代表作。

在西方世界精神危机和复杂的社会环境大背景下，这部作品旨在揭露西方人民荒诞的生活状况，孤独感，绝望感，分离感以及无意义的生活。

《等待戈多》在巴黎上演处女秀过后，引起了成千上万人的共鸣。

这部作品同时吸引了文学界大量学者的眼球。

文学界从不同角度分析的著作源源不断，潺潺不息。

许多评论员认为这部作品并没有呈现存在主义，但也有人认为它和存在主义有密不可分的关系。

因此本论文将从存在主义的角度来分析《等待戈多》同存在主义的关系，讨论《等待戈多》找中等待的意蕴以及这部戏剧的荒诞性。

关键词:

《等待戈多》；

不在场的他者；

存在主义；

荒诞

Contents

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1

1.1SamuelBeckettandWaitingforGodot…………………...........1

1.2Jean-PaulSartre’sExistentialism……………………………………...3

1.3TheOutlineoftheThesis

2.Literaturereview……………………………………………………………………3

2.1TheStudiesAboardandatHome…………………………………..…4

2.2TheUniquenessoftheStudy…………………………….............................5

3.TheoreticalFramework……………………………………………………….…….6

3.1TheTheatreoftheAbsurd…………………………………….........6

3.2Jean-PaulStare’sExistentialism…………………………………...........................7

4.WaitingfortheAbsentOther:

AnExistentialisticAnalysisofWaitingforGodot....................................................…....8

4.1TheAbsurdityofWaitingforGodot………………...8

4.1.1Plot……………………………………………..8

4.1.2Characters

4.1.2TheIllogicalandMeaninglessDialogue……………………………………..9

4.1.3Circulation.................................................................................11

4.1.4NoCertainSpace-timeEnvironmentandCompleteStructure.

4.2WaitingfortheAbsentOther……………...12

4.2.1TheAbsentOtherIsNothingness…………………………………13

4.2.2TheAbsentOtherIsSavior……………………………………………..14

4.2.3TheAbsentOtherIsBelief

4.3AnExistentialisticAnalysisofWaitingforGodot……………….15

4.3.1Death…………………………………………..16

4.3.2TheMeaningofHumanExistence………………………...17

4.3.3ThePlaceofGod

5.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………...18

References……………………………………………………………………………19

1.Introduction

1.1SamuelBecketandWaitingforGodot

SamuelBeckett（1906-1989）whoseworkoffersablack,tragicomicoutlookonhumannaturewasanIrishnovelist,playwright,theatredirector,andpoet.Beckettiswidelyregardedasoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthe20thcentury,hisworkoftencoupledwithblackcomedyandgallowshumor.HeisconsideredoneofthelastmodernistsbecauseoftheinfluencefromJamesJoyce.Asaninspirationtomanylaterwriters,heisalsosometimesconsideredoneofthefirstpostmodernists.HeisoneofthekeywritersinwhatMartinEsslincalledtheTheatreoftheAbsurd.EspeciallyhisrepresentativeworkWaitingforGodotbecomestheclassicinthegenreofTheatreoftheAbsurd.Beckettwaswardedthe1969NobelPrizeinLiterature“forhiswriting,which——innewformsforthenovelanddrama,——inthedestitutionofmodemmanacquireitselevation”（TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1969）

WaitingforGodotwaswrittenin1952,itwasfirstpublishedbyFrench,anditsfirstshowwasinParisin1953.TheWorldWarIIhadbiginfluencestotheplayandSamuelBeckett.PeoplearoundtheworldsufferedtoomuchfromtheWorldWarII,toomanypeoplewerestilldespair,helpless,panic,misgiving.SamuelBeckettwitnessedthecruelnessandinhumanityoftheWorldWarIIandthespiritcrisisofwesternpeople.WaitingforGodothasbecomeamodernclassicbecauseitgivesusahumansituationexpressedwithanemotionalforce.Theplayhasafar-reachinginfluence.Aswehaveseen,Beckett’sdramaticandverbalartembodiesvividimagesofactionandaprofoundvisionofhumanexistence.WhereverwereadWaitingforGodot,wecanseeimagesofspiritualloss,andofhumansufferings.Aprofoundsenseoflossdoespervadeallthisplay.Theplayspeakstousoftherealworld,ofhumancondition.

1.2Jean-PaulSartre’sExistentialism

HereExistentialismwillbeagreathelptoanalyzemythesis.TherehasneverbeengeneralagreementonthedefinitionofExistentialism.ItisgenerallybelievedthatthefirstprominentexistentialistphilosophertoadoptthetermwasJean-PaulSartrewhodidmosttobringexistentialismintotheartsandintosearchofforanauthenticwayoflifeonthepartofmanydisaffectedyouthofEuropeandAmerica.

1.3TheOutlineoftheThesis

Whiledoingmyargument,thefirstthingI’mgoingtodoistointroducestudiesonWaitingforGodotfromabroadandChina.Inthispart,wecanhaveageneralknowledgeofjudgmentsonWaitingforGodotandunderstandthesignificanceofWaitingforGodotinliteraturefieldandotherfields.Thenfollowingpartistopresenttheoreticalframeworkwhichwillhelpmetoanalyzemyargument.ThisthesiswilltouchExistentialismandTheTheatreoftheAbsurd.ThroughpartofSartre’sExistentialismandEsslin’sTheTheatreoftheAbsurd,thisthesiswillconcentrateonthefollowingtopic:

TheabsurdityofWaitingforGodot;

ThemeaningoftheAbsentOther;

ThereflectionofExistentialisminWaitingforGodot.Thenfinallythisthesiswillgiveaconclusion.

2.LiteratureReview

ThecriticalresponsetotheworksofSamuelBecketthasbeenoverwhelming,especiallyafterthesuccessfulfirstshowofWaitingforGodotinParisin1953.AndtheplaymadeBeckettahouseholdword.AndthennumerousbooksandthousandsofarticleshavebeenpublishedonBeckett,primarilyinEurope,theUnitedStates,andCanada.SincehewrotemostofhisworksinFrench,andthentranslatedthemhimselfintoEnglish.AndthediversityoftheinterpretationstoBeckett’swokshasbeenvaried:

political,psychological,philosophical,historical,thematic,postmodernism,Christian,autobiographical,homoerotic,andsoon.

2.1StudiesAbroadandatHome

Thefirstperiodisfrom1960sto1970s.Duringthisperiod,studiesmainlyfocusonformandcontent,theinfluenceofliterary,philosophicalandhistoricalideas.AndMartinEsslinwroteTheTheatreoftheAbsurd,itwasthemostfrequentlycitedresourcesfortheresearchofWaitingforGodotandotherfamousabsurdplays.EsslinreallythoughthighlyofWaitingforGodotandgavespecialappraisementsonit.IntheShapeofChaos:

AnInterpretationoftheArtofSamuelBeckett,DavidHeslaexaminesSamuelBeckett’snovelsandplaysfromtheperceptionofthehistoricalideas.HeshowshowSamuelBeckettwasinfluencedbythetheoriesofthepre-Socratics,therationalistsoftheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,Schopenhauer,Bergson,Hegel,Kierkegard,Sartre,andHusserl.Anydramacan’tlivewithoutthestage,soRubyCohn’sSamuelBeckett:

theComicGamutconcernedWaitingforGodot’sstageperformance.HeusedBergson’scatalogofcomictechn