职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案051760.docx

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案051760.docx

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职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案051760

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-60

1、BlackHoles

Mostscientistsagreethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.Ablackholeintheuniverseisnotasolidobject,likeaplanet,butitisshapedlikeasphere（球体）.Astronomers（天文学家）thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite（无限的）density（稠密）.

Thissinglepointiscalledasingularity（奇点）.Ifthesingularitytheoryiscorrect,itmeansthatwhenamassivestarcollapses,allthematerialinitdisappearsintothesingularity.Thecenterofablackholewouldnotreallybeaholeatall,butaninfinitelydensepoint.Anythingthatcrossestheblackholeispulledinbyitsgreatgravity.

Althoughblackholesdoexist,theyaredifficulttoobserve.Thesearethereasons,

?

Nolightoranythingelsecomesoutofblackholes.Asaresult,theyareinvisibletoatelescope.

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Inastronomicalterms,blackholesaretruly.Forexample,ablackholeformedbythecollapseofagiantstarwouldhaveaneventhorizon（视界）only18milesacross.

?

ThenearestblackholeswouldbedozensoflightyearsawayfromEarth.Onelightyearisabout6trillion（万亿）miles.Eventhemostpowerfultelescopescouldnotpickoutanobjectsosmallatsuchagreatdistance.

In1994theHubbleSpaceTelescopeprovidedevidencethatblackholesexist.Therearestillanswerstobefound,however,soblackholesremainoneofthemysteriesoftheuniverse.（2007年）

Blackholesexistbutaredifficulttoobserve.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

题干大意：

黑洞是存在的，但是很难观察到。

题干中的关键词为difficult，用它回到原文定位，在首句能找到difficult的近义词impossible。

文章首句提到：

Mostscientistsagreethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.黑洞确实存在，但很难定位（locate），与题意信息相符，故答案选A。

1、WillWeTakeVacationinSpaces?

WhenMikeKellyfirstsetouttobuildhisownprivatespace-ferryservice,hefiguredhisbread-and-butterbusinesswouldbelofting（发射）satellitesintohigh-Earthorbit.Nowhethinkshemayhavefiguredwrong."Peoplewerealwaysaskingmewhentheycouldgo,"saysKelly,whorunsKellySpace&TechnologyoutofSanBemardino,California."Irealizedthatrealmarketisinspacetourism."

Accordingtopreliminarymarketsurveys,thereare10,000would-be-space-touristswillingtospend$1millioneachtovisitthefinalfrontier.SpaceAdventureinArlington,Virginia,hastakenmorethan130depositsforatwo-hour,$98,000spacetourtentativelyandsomewhatdubiously（可疑地）settoactorby2005.GeneMeyersofthespaceIslandGroupsays:

"Spaceisthenextexotic（风光奇特的）vacationspot."

Thismayallsoundgreat,butthereareafewhurdles（困难）.Puttingasimplesatelliteintoorbitwithnooxygen,lifesupportorreturntripnecessaryalreadycostsanastronomical（天文数字）$22,OOO/kg.Andthatdoesn'tincludetheoustofinsuringrichandpossiblylitigiouspassenger.JohnPikeoftheFederationofAmericanScientistsacerbically（尖刻地）suggeststhattheentiregroupofentrepreneurstryingtocorner（垄断）thespace-tourismmarkethavebetweenthem"justenoughmoneytoblowuponerocket."TheU.S.spaceagencyhasplentyofmoneybutzerointerestinmailingspacelessexpensiveforthelittleguys.Sothelittleguysareracingtodowhatthegovernmenthasfailedtodo:

designareusablelaunchsystemthatisinexpensive,safeandreliable.KellySpace'sprototypelookslikeaplanethathassproutedrocketengines.RotaryRocketinRedwoodCity,California,hasaboosterwithrotorstomakeahelicopter-stylereturntoEarth;KistlerAero-spaceinKirkland,Washington,ispiecingtogetheritsversionsfromoldSovietengines,shuttle-stylethermalprotectiontilesandanelaborateparachutesystem.Thefirstpassengercountdownsarestillyearsaway,butbureaucratsattheFederalAviationAdministrationinWashingtonarealreadyinformallydiscussingflightregulations.Afterall,youcan'tbetooprepared,foratriptothatgalaxyfar,faraway.

Forthosewhoareintentonjoiningthe100-milehighclub,HiltonandBudgetareplottingtobuildspacehotels.BeforetheRussianspaceshipMircamedown,somepeopleweretalkingaboutusingitasalow-rentspacehoteltoreducethecost.Ifaspacehotelisfinallybuiltinspace,andifyouarethinkingofstayinginit,youmaywanttochecktheMichelinratingsbeforebookingyourselfasuite.

SpaceAdventureinArlingtonhastaken130depositstotaling$98,000foratwo-hourspacetour.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

第2段第2句的意思是：

每人交100万美元的定金，而不是总共98000美元，从这句话中可以看出历时两个小时的太空旅行计划在2005年，该旅行是试验性的，并且在一定程度上令人质疑。

因此题干的说法是错误的。

1、WillWeTakeVacationinSpaces?

WhenMikeKellyfirstsetouttobuildhisownprivatespace-ferryservice,hefiguredhisbread-and-butterbusinesswouldbelofting（发射）satellitesintohigh-Earthorbit.Nowhethinkshemayhavefiguredwrong."Peoplewerealwaysaskingmewhentheycouldgo,"saysKelly,whorunsKellySpace&TechnologyoutofSanBemardino,California."Irealizedthatrealmarketisinspacetourism."

Accordingtopreliminarymarketsurveys,thereare10,000would-be-space-touristswillingtospend$1millioneachtovisitthefinalfrontier.SpaceAdventureinArlington,Virginia,hastakenmorethan130depositsforatwo-hour,$98,000spacetourtentativelyandsomewhatdubiously（可疑地）settoactorby2005.GeneMeyersofthespaceIslandGroupsays:

"Spaceisthenextexotic（风光奇特的）vacationspot."

Thismayallsoundgreat,butthereareafewhurdles（困难）.Puttingasimplesatelliteintoorbitwithnooxygen,lifesupportorreturntripnecessaryalreadycostsanastronomical（天文数字）$22,OOO/kg.Andthatdoesn'tincludetheoustofinsuringrichandpossiblylitigiouspassenger.JohnPikeoftheFederationofAmericanScientistsacerbically（尖刻地）suggeststhattheentiregroupofentrepreneurstryingtocorner（垄断）thespace-tourismmarkethavebetweenthem"justenoughmoneytoblowuponerocket."TheU.S.spaceagencyhasplentyofmoneybutzerointerestinmailingspacelessexpensiveforthelittleguys.Sothelittleguysareracingtodowhatthegovernmenthasfailedtodo:

designareusablelaunchsystemthatisinexpensive,safeandreliable.KellySpace'sprototypelookslikeaplanethathassproutedrocketengines.RotaryRocketinRedwoodCity,California,hasaboosterwithrotorstomakeahelicopter-stylereturntoEarth;KistlerAero-spaceinKirkland,Washington,ispiecingtogetheritsversionsfromoldSovietengines,shuttle-stylethermalprotectiontilesandanelaborateparachutesystem.Thefirstpassengercountdownsarestillyearsaway,butbureaucratsattheFederalAviationAdministrationinWashingtonarealreadyinformallydiscussingflightregulations.Afterall,youcan'tbetooprepared,foratriptothatgalaxyfar,faraway.

Forthosewhoareintentonjoiningthe100-milehighclub,HiltonandBudgetareplottingtobuildspacehotels.BeforetheRussianspaceshipMircamedown,somepeopleweretalkingaboutusingitasalow-rentspacehoteltoreducethecost.Ifaspacehotelisfinallybuiltinspace,andifyouarethinkingofstayinginit,youmaywanttochecktheMichelinratingsbeforebookingyourselfasuite.

Littleguys,whodonothaveplentyofmoneybuthavegreatinterestinspacetourism,aretryingtomakethespacetravellessexpensivebutmorereliable.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

依据是第3段中的该句话：

少数人在争相做政府未做成功的事情，即设计一套可以再度使用的廉价、安全、可靠的发射系统。

1、EasyListening

Studentsshouldbejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysaway,butthey'vealsomasteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep.

Bythetimebabiesareoneyearold,theycanrecognizealotofsoundsandevensimplewords.MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymightprogressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhentheyareawake.

Totestthetheory,Cheourandtheircolleaguesstudied45newbornbabiesinthefirstdaysoftheirlives.TheyexposedalltheinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsoundsonethatsoundslike"oo";anotherlike"ee"andthethirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilarlanguagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEG（脑电图）recordingoftheinfantsbrainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnotdistinguishthesounds.

Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentbackwiththeirmothers,wheretherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.Onegroupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethreevowels,whiletheotherslistenedtotheother,easier-to-distinguishvowelsounds.

Whentestedinthemorning,andagainintheevening,thebabieswho'dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelsallnightshowedbrainwaveactivityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognizethissound.Theycouldidentifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschanged,whilenoneoftheotherbabiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall.

Cheourdoesn'tknowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnighttimelearning,butshesuspectsthatthespecialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadults,babiesdon't"turnoff"theircerebralcortex（大脑皮层）whiletheysleep:

Theskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthefirstyearsoflife,sheaddssoforgettheideathatyoucanpickupthetrickyFrenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow.Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-ups,Cheourishopingtousethesleepinghourstogiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguagedisorders.

Babiescanlearnlanguageevenintheirsleep.

【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

选A的依据是第2段最后一句。

1、RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳）,orcarbon-14dating.Onek