2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习.docx
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2牛津高中英语模块一至四语法总结及练习
牛津英语模块1至模块4语法总结及练习
第一单元
一定语从句：
定语从句的介绍
1.就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词：
Thegreenteam
介词短语：
Theteamingreen
定语从句：
Theteamwhowerewearinggreen
2.定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which,that,who,whom,whose,或关系副词来引导，如when,where,why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如：
做主语Thetreeswhichareontheschoolcampushavelosttheirleaves.
做宾语Thestudentwhomwesawjustnowisthebestrunnerinourschool.
做表语Jackisnolongerthelazyboythatheusedtobe.
做定语ShehasabrotherwhosenameIcan’tremember.
做状语TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.
二定语从句：
关系代词：
that，which，who，whom，和whose
1.在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。
eg：
Thisisthestorythat/whichwewroteforourstorytellingcontest.
2.在定语从句中，who用来指代人。
eg：
IamgoingtoseeafriendwhohasjustcomebackfromtheUK.
3.当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。
eg：
Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacherwho/whomIsawinthecomputerroomtheotherday.
4.当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。
eg：
Helikesallthebirthdaypresents（that/which）hisfriendsgavehim.
5.Whose用来表示所属，它既可指人也可指物。
eg：
IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiane.
TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturdayafternoon.
第二单元
一定语从句：
介词提前的定语从句（preposition＋which;preposition＋whom）
1.当关系代词（which/whom）做定语从句中介词的宾语时，可以把介词提到关系代词的前面。
eg：
Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.
2.在非正式英语中，介词通常放在定语从句的最后。
eg：
ArtisthesubjectwhichIknowlittleabout.
3.如果介词放在定语从句的最后，which可以被that取代，whom可以被that和who取代。
eg：
Dadisapersonwhom/that/whoIcaneasilytalkto.
4.当关系代词做定语从句中介词的宾语，并且介词又放在定语从句的末尾时，我们通常省略关系代词who和that。
eg：
Thetopic（which）EricisinterestedinisPhysics.
Danielistheperson（whom）Iwanttomakefriendswith.
5.当先行词是way时，我们用inwhich或that来引导定语从句，这种情况下，inwhich或that可以被省略。
eg：
Ididn’tliketheway（that/inwhich）shetalkedtome.
二定语从句：
关系副词：
when，where，why
1．我们通常用关系副词when引导先行词是time，moment，day，season，year等的定语从句。
eg：
Doyourememberthedaywhenweleftyouincharge?
IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIsawtheUFO.
2．我们通常用关系副词where引导先行词是place，house，city，country，city，world等的定语从句。
eg：
Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.
Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.
3．我们通常用关系副词why引导先行词是reason的定语从句。
eg：
Idon’tknowthereasonwhythehouseissodirty.
4．在更加正式的英语中，where，when和why能够被介词＋which所替代。
eg：
Thestudyistheplacewhere/inwhichIoftenhavetalkswithmyfather.
Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichmyparentsgothomeearlier.
Itrainedthewholedaywhen/onwhichhetraveledwithhisfamily.
第三单元
一定语从句：
非限制性定语从句
1．非限制性定语从句是一个为主句添加额外信息的从句，在非限制性定语从句前通常有个逗号。
eg：
Amy,whotookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.
Mypillsareinthebathroom,whereIalwayskeepthem.
2．当先行词是整个主句时，可以用which来引导定语从句。
eg：
Hemissedtheshow,whichwasagreatpity.
3．我们可以用all＋whom/which来表示全部数量，用someof＋whom/which来表示部分数量。
eg：
Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.
Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiet.
定语从句练习
1.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
3.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
5.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat
6.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether
7.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.
A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which
8.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
9.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
10.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
11.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst
12.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?
InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow
C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow
13.Isthereanything__________toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
14.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?
”
----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
15.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept__________who
hadalreadytakenthem.
A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers
16.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat
17.It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
18.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich
19.Isitinthatfactory__________“RedFlag”carsareproduced?
A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that
20.HemustbefromAfrica,__________canbeseenfromhisskin.
A.thatB.asC.whoD.what
21.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.
A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom
22.I,__________yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis
23.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.
A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich
24.Thetwothings______theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.
A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich
25.Doyouknowwhichhotel__________?
A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin
26.Whocanthinkofasituation__________thisidiomcanbeused?
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat
27.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,___muchhelpforknowingspace.
whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareof
C.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof
28.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto__________atlast
A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes
29.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.
A.whichB.whoC.thatD./
30.Thisistheveryfilm_______I'velongwishedtosee.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
31.Thehouse______thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.
A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when
32.Thedoctordidall_______tosavethewoundedboy.
A.whathecouldB.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecouldD.forwhichhecoulddo
33._____youknow,heisafamousmusician.
A.AsB.whichC.ThatD.／
34.Heistheonlyoneofthethree______gotthenewidea.
A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohasD.whosehad
35.Thisisthebaby____________tomorrow.
A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafter
C.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter
36.Thesestudentswillgraduatefromtheuniversitynextsummer,__theywillhavestudiedhereforfouryears.
A.bythenB.bythattimeC.bywhattimeD.bywhichtime
37.Thisisthehousethewindow__________facesthesouth.
A.ofwhichB.whichC.ofitD.whose
38.Itisfiveo’clockintheafternoon_________theyarrivedatthehotel.
A.sinceB.beforeC.whenD.that
39.Insomecountries,_____iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one
40.---Howaboutthegames?
---Veryinteresting,andtheones_____theyoungmencompetedwerereallyexciting
A.whatB.forwhomC.whereD.inwhich
二附加疑问句
1．附加疑问句是放在陈述句后面的短问句。
它们通常被用在口语中来引出一段对话，以一个更加礼貌的方式来询问信息，温柔的发号施令或要求某人做某事。
我们用附加疑问句来询问意见或征求同意。
当我们用附加疑问句来询问意见时，为了期待对方能同意我们的观点，附加疑问句会用降调来表达。
当我们用附加疑问句来征求同意时，我们实际上是在询问我们自己也不太能确信的事情，这时候附加疑问句会用升调来表达。
2．附加疑问句的构成有以下几种：
1）在肯定的陈述句之后，我们会用否定的附加疑问句。
在否定的陈述句之后，我们会用肯定的附加疑问句。
eg：
Wecanstillbefriends,can’twe?
Hedoesn’tlikeicecream,doeshe?
当主句中有像neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little，never，hardly或seldom这类词时，它们被认为是否定的，因此后面会跟个肯定的附加疑问句。
eg：
Neitherofyouwillhavecoffee,willyou?
NoonehasfoundmyCD,havethey?
Nobodyunderstoodhisspeech,didthey?
Hissisterseldomargueswithpeople,doesshe?
人称代词如I，we，you，he，she，it或they会放在附加疑问句中。
eg：
Iwasprettysilly,wasn’tI?
Everyonehasadvisesyounottogoonadiet,haven’tyou?
助动词，情态动词或be动词会放在附加疑问句中。
eg：
Youliketraveling,don’tyou?
Thereissomethingwrong,isn’tthere?
Youcan’tspeakItalian,canyou?
祁使句后用willyou，Let’s后用shallwe
eg：
Postaletterforme,willyou?
Let’shaveabreak,shallwe?
反意疑问句
1Hehurthislegwhenplayingfootball.Heisveryunlucky,____he?
AisBdidn’tCisn’tDdoes
2Johnisadiligentstudentwhospendsmostofhistimestudying,____he?
Ahadn’tBhadCdoesDisn’t
3–Theydon’tanswerthephonewhenIcall.
--Thereisn’tanyoneathomethen,___?
Aisn’tthereBisthereCisitDisn’tit
4ItseldomsnowsinwinterinShanghai,___?
Adoesn’titBisn’titCisitDdoesit
5Shehasalreadyplansforthesummerholidays,____?
Ahasn’tsheBisn’tsheCdoesn’tsheDhadn’tit
6Motherlovesreading.SheneverspendstimewatchingTV,____?
AdoessheBwillsheChavesheDdoesn’tshe
7ItisthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates,____?
Aisn’tsheBisn’titChasn’tsheDhasn’tit
8Idon’tthinkheisright,___?
AdoIBdon’tICisheDisn’the
第一单元
一现在完成时态
1．我们用现在完成时态来表示在最近的过去发生的但跟现在有联系的事情。
eg：
ThedisappearanceofJustinhasmadeKellyveryunhappy.
2．我们也用现在完成时态来表示在过去刚开始，并且现在还没结束的事情。
eg：
IhavenotseenJustinsincelas
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